Ophiocordyceps

Ophiocordyceps is a genus of fungi within the family Ophiocordycipitaceae.[2] The widespread genus, first described scientifically by British mycologist Tom Petch in 1931,[3] contains about 140 species that grow on insects.[4] Anamorphic genera that correspond with Ophiocordyceps species are Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe, Isaria, Paraisaria, and Syngliocladium.[5]

Ophiocordyceps
Dead ants infected with Ophiocordyceps unilateralis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Ophiocordycipitaceae
Genus: Ophiocordyceps
Petch (1931)
Type species
Ophiocordyceps blattae
(Petch) Petch (1931)
Synonyms[1]

Cordycepioideus Stifler (1941)

One species complex, Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, is known for its parasitism on ants, in which it alters the behavior of the ants in such a way as to propagate itself more effectively, killing the ant and then growing its fruiting bodies from the ant's head and releasing its spores.[6][7][8] A 48-million-year-old fossil of an ant in the death grip of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis was discovered in Germany.[9]

Species
  • Ophiocordyceps arborescens
  • Ophiocordyceps acicularis
  • Ophiocordyceps agriotidis
  • Ophiocordyceps ainictos
  • Ophiocordyceps amazonica
  • Ophiocordyceps amazonica var. neoamazonica
  • Ophiocordyceps aphodii
  • Ophiocordyceps appendiculata
  • Ophiocordyceps arachneicola
  • Ophiocordyceps araracuarensis
  • Ophiocordyceps arbuscula
  • Ophiocordyceps armeniaca
  • Ophiocordyceps asyuënsis
  • Ophiocordyceps aurantia
  • Ophiocordyceps australis
  • Ophiocordyceps barnesii
  • Ophiocordyceps bicephala
  • Ophiocordyceps brunneipunctata
  • Ophiocordyceps bispora
  • Ophiocordyceps blattae
  • Ophiocordyceps blattarioides
  • Ophiocordyceps caloceroides
  • Ophiocordyceps camponoti-balzani
  • Ophiocordyceps camponoti-chartificis
  • Ophiocordyceps camponoti-melanotici
  • Ophiocordyceps camponoti-novogranadensis
  • Ophiocordyceps camponoti-rufipedis
  • Ophiocordyceps camponoti-sexguttati
  • Ophiocordyceps cantharelloides
  • Ophiocordyceps carabidicola
  • Ophiocordyceps cicadicola
  • Ophiocordyceps clavata
  • Ophiocordyceps clavulata
  • Ophiocordyceps coccidiicola
  • Ophiocordyceps coccigena
  • Ophiocordyceps cochlidiicola
  • Ophiocordyceps coenomyia
  • Ophiocordyceps communis
  • Ophiocordyceps corallomyces
  • Ophiocordyceps crassispora
  • Ophiocordyceps crinalis
  • Ophiocordyceps cuboidea
  • Ophiocordyceps cucumispora
  • Ophiocordyceps cucumispora var. dolichoderi
  • Ophiocordyceps curculionum
  • Ophiocordyceps cylindrostromata
  • Ophiocordyceps daceti
  • Ophiocordyceps dayiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps dermapterigena
  • Ophiocordyceps dipterigena
  • Ophiocordyceps discoideicapitata
  • Ophiocordyceps ditmarii
  • Ophiocordyceps dovei
  • Ophiocordyceps elateridicola
  • Ophiocordyceps elongata
  • Ophiocordyceps elongatiperitheciata
  • Ophiocordyceps elongatistromata
  • Ophiocordyceps emeiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps engleriana
  • Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza
  • Ophiocordyceps evansii
  • Ophiocordyceps evdogeorgiae
  • Ophiocordyceps falcata
  • Ophiocordyceps falcatoides
  • Ophiocordyceps fasciculatistromata
  • Ophiocordyceps ferruginosa
  • Ophiocordyceps filiformis
  • Ophiocordyceps formicarum
  • Ophiocordyceps forquignonii
  • Ophiocordyceps fulgoromorphila
  • Ophiocordyceps furcicaudata
  • Ophiocordyceps gansuënsis
  • Ophiocordyceps geniculata
  • Ophiocordyceps gentilis
  • Ophiocordyceps glaziovii
  • Ophiocordyceps goniophora
  • Ophiocordyceps gracilioides
  • Ophiocordyceps gracilis
  • Ophiocordyceps gryllotalpae
  • Ophiocordyceps halabalaensis
  • Ophiocordyceps heteropoda
  • Ophiocordyceps hirsutellae
  • Ophiocordyceps hiugensis
  • Ophiocordyceps huberiana
  • Ophiocordyceps humbertii
  • Ophiocordyceps insignis
  • Ophiocordyceps irangiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps japonensis
  • Ophiocordyceps jiangxiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps jinggangshanensis
  • Ophiocordyceps kangdingensis
  • Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides
  • Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides var. dolichoderi
  • Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides var. monacidis
  • Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides var. ponerinarum
  • Ophiocordyceps koningsbergeri
  • Ophiocordyceps konnoana
  • Ophiocordyceps lachnopoda
  • Ophiocordyceps laojunshanensis
  • Ophiocordyceps larvarum
  • Ophiocordyceps larvicola
  • Ophiocordyceps lloydii
  • Ophiocordyceps lloydii var. binata
  • Ophiocordyceps longissima
  • Ophiocordyceps lutea
  • Ophiocordyceps macroacicularis
  • Ophiocordyceps macularis
  • Ophiocordyceps melolonthae
  • Ophiocordyceps melolonthae var. rickii
  • Ophiocordyceps michiganensis
  • Ophiocordyceps minutissima
  • Ophiocordyceps monticola
  • Ophiocordyceps mrciensis
  • Ophiocordyceps multiaxialis
  • Ophiocordyceps myrmecophila
  • Ophiocordyceps myrmicarum
  • Ophiocordyceps naomipierceae
  • Ophiocordyceps neovolkiana
  • Ophiocordyceps nepalensis
  • Ophiocordyceps nigra
  • Ophiocordyceps nigrella
  • Ophiocordyceps nigripes
  • Ophiocordyceps nutans
  • Ophiocordyceps obtusa
  • Ophiocordyceps octospora
  • Ophiocordyceps odonatae
  • Ophiocordyceps oecophyllae
  • Ophiocordyceps osuzumontana
  • Ophiocordyceps owariensis
  • Ophiocordyceps owariensis f. viridescens
  • Ophiocordyceps oxycephala
  • Ophiocordyceps paludosa
  • Ophiocordyceps paracuboidea
  • Ophiocordyceps pentatomae
  • Ophiocordyceps petchii
  • Ophiocordyceps proliferans
  • Ophiocordyceps prolifica
  • Ophiocordyceps pruinosa
  • Ophiocordyceps pseudolloydii
  • Ophiocordyceps pseudolongissima
  • Ophiocordyceps pulvinata
  • Ophiocordyceps purpureostromata
  • Ophiocordyceps purpureostromata f. recurvata
  • Ophiocordyceps ravenelii
  • Ophiocordyceps rhizoidea
  • Ophiocordyceps ridleyi
  • Ophiocordyceps robertsii
  • Ophiocordyceps rubripunctata
  • Ophiocordyceps rubiginosiperitheciata
  • Ophiocordyceps ryogamiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps salebrosa
  • Ophiocordyceps satoi
  • Ophiocordyceps scottiana
  • Ophiocordyceps selkirkii
  • Ophiocordyceps sichuanensis
  • Ophiocordyceps smithii
  • Ophiocordyceps sobolifera
  • Ophiocordyceps sinensis
  • Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala
  • Ophiocordyceps stipillata
  • Ophiocordyceps stylophora
  • Ophiocordyceps subflavida
  • Ophiocordyceps subunilateralis
  • Ophiocordyceps superficialis
  • Ophiocordyceps superficialis f. crustacea
  • Ophiocordyceps takaoënsis
  • Ophiocordyceps taylorii
  • Ophiocordyceps thyrsoides
  • Ophiocordyceps tiputini
  • Ophiocordyceps tricentri
  • Ophiocordyceps truncata
  • Ophiocordyceps uchiyamae
  • Ophiocordyceps unilateralis
  • Ophiocordyceps unilateralis var. clavata
  • Ophiocordyceps variabilis
  • Ophiocordyceps voeltzkowii
  • Ophiocordyceps volkiana
  • Ophiocordyceps wuyishanensis
  • Ophiocordyceps yakusimensis
  • Ophiocordyceps zhangjiajiensis

See also

References
  1. "Ophiocordyceps Petch 1931". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-07-19.
  2. Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany. 13: 1–58.
  3. Petch T. (1931). "Notes on entomogenous fungi". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 16 (1): 55–75. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(31)80006-3.
  4. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 483. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  5. Sung G-H, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung J-M, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW (2007). "Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi". Studies in Mycology. 57: 5–59. doi:10.3114/sim.2007.57.01. PMC 2104736. PMID 18490993.
  6. Bhanoo SN (24 August 2010). "In Fossilized Leaf, Clues to a Zombie Ant". The New York Times.
  7. Zimmer C (24 October 2019). "After This Fungus Turns Ants Into Zombies, Their Bodies Explode". The New York Times.
  8. Evans HC, Elliot SL, Hughes DP (March 2011). "Hidden diversity behind the zombie-ant fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: four new species described from carpenter ants in Minas Gerais, Brazil". PLOS ONE. 6 (3): e17024. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...617024E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017024. PMC 3047535. PMID 21399679.
  9. Hughes, David P.; Wappler, Torsten; Labandeira, Conrad C. (2011-02-23). "Ancient death-grip leaf scars reveal ant–fungal parasitism". Biology Letters. 7 (1): 67–70. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0521. PMC 3030878. PMID 20719770.
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