Opinion polling for the 1993 Spanish general election

In the run up to the 1993 Spanish general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Spain during the term of the 4th Cortes Generales. Results of such polls are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held on 29 October 1989, to the day the next election was held, on 6 June 1993.

Voting intention estimates refer mainly to a hypothetical Congress of Deputies election. Polls are listed in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" columns on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll.

Nationwide polling

Graphical summary
10-point average trend line of poll results from 29 October 1989 to 6 June 1993, with each line corresponding to a political party.
  PSOE
  PP
  IU
  CDS
  CiU
  PNV

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists nationwide voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections are displayed below the percentages in a smaller font. 176 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample size Turnout PNV EE BNG PAP Lead
1993 general election 6 Jun 1993 N/A 76.4 38.8
159		 34.8
141		 9.6
18		 1.8
0		 4.9
17		 1.2
5		 0.9
2		 0.4
0		 0.5
1		 0.5
1		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.8
1		 0.6
1		 0.9
4		 0.5
0		 0.2
0		 4.0
Interior Ministry[1] 6 Jun 1993 ? ? ?
158/162		 ?
136/141		 – – – – – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – ?
PSOE[2] 6 Jun 1993 ? 75 37.5
150		 34.1
142		 – – – – – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 3.4
Demoscopia/Cadena SER[3][4][5] 6 Jun 1993 ? ? 37.1
140/154		 34.4
139/154		 10.2
18/23		 ?
0		 5.0
17/18		 ?
6		 0.6
3		 – – – [lower-alpha 1] 1.1
1/3		 – – – – 2.7
Eco Consulting/RTVE[3][4][5] 6 Jun 1993 250,000 ? ?
139/155		 ?
134/148		 ?
20/23		 ?
0		 ?
18/20		 ?
6/7		 ?
3/5		 – – – [lower-alpha 1] ?
1/3		 – – – – ?
Sigma Dos/Tele 5[3][4][5] 6 Jun 1993 30,000 ? ?
143		 ?
146		 ?
22		 ?
0		 ?
19		 ?
6		 ?
4		 – – – [lower-alpha 1] ?
1		 – – – – ?
Motivación/COPE[3] 6 Jun 1993 31,000 ? ?
145		 ?
146		 – – – – – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – ?
Gallup/Ya[5][6] 30 May 1993 6,050 70.2 32.1
134/139		 33.0
140/147		 10.6
23		 2.6
0		 5.6
21		 1.4
8		 1.0
4/5		 – 0.9
2		 0.5
1		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.7
1		 – 0.8
4		 – 0.5
2		 0.8
Opina/La Vanguardia[7] 26–27 May 1993 2,000 ? 35.0
142/146		 35.6
144/148		 11.4
24/25		 2.1
0/1		 5.0
18/19		 1.3
6/7		 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] 0.9
0/1		 – – – – 0.6
Vox Pública–Iope/El Periódico[6][8] 25–27 May 1993 8,148 74.8 34.5
133/152		 32.5
134/151		 10.1
19/24		 2.3
0/1		 5.5
19/21		 1.5
6/7		 1.1
3/4		 0.7
0		 0.9
2/3		 0.7
1/3		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.7
1		 – 1.0
4/6		 0.5
1/2		 0.5
1		 2.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[5][6] 24–27 May 1993 13,200 ? 34.6
132/141		 35.9
147/155		 11.4
25/28		 1.4
0		 4.9
17/19		 1.3
5/6		 1.0
3/4		 0.5
0		 0.5
1		 0.8
2/3		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.7
1		 ?
1		 0.6
3		 0.3
0		 0.3
1		 1.3
Diario 16[9] 26 May 1993 ? ? 33.9 35.5 – – – – – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 1.6
Demoscopia/El País[6][10][11] 20–26 May 1993 11,000 73 34.5
135/151		 34.8
141/155		 10.7
20/22		 2.4
0/1		 5.0
18/20		 1.4
6		 0.8
2/3		 – 0.6
2		 0.5
2		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.7
1		 ?
1		 0.7
3		 0.5
0/1		 – 0.3
Gruppo/ABC[12] 23–25 May 1993 5,000 ? 35.0
134/144		 35.8
144/153		 12.1
26/28		 – 4.9
16/17		 1.6
6/7		 1.0
3		 – 0.5
1		 0.8
2/3		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.6
1		 0.3
0/1		 0.6
3/4		 – 0.3
1		 0.8
ICP–Research/Diario 16[5][6] 21–24 May 1993 10,000 76.5 33.5
137/145		 32.8
141/149		 10.6
19/24		 3.0
1/2		 5.1
17/19		 1.3
7/8		 ?
3/4		 – ?
1		 ?
0/1		 [lower-alpha 1] ?
1/2		 – ?
3/4		 ?
0/1		 – 0.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[5][6][13] 23 May 1993 3,000 ? 34.0
134/143		 35.2
144/153		 12.6
26/29		 1.5
0		 5.0
18/19		 1.5
6/7		 1.0
3/4		 0.6
0		 0.5
1		 0.7
1/2		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.6
1/2		 – 0.5
2/3		 0.3
0		 0.4
1		 1.2
CIS[9][14] 14–19 May 1993 2,496 71.3 33.8 33.8 12.2 1.5 5.9 1.6 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – Tie
Vox Pública–Iope/El Periódico[6][15] 14–18 May 1993 6,415 78.5 35.0
139/150		 30.7
130/143		 10.1
19/27		 2.4
0/2		 5.6
18/20		 1.5
6/8		 0.9
2/4		 – 0.7
2		 0.6
1/2		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.6
1		 – 0.9
3/5		 0.9
0/1		 0.5
1		 4.3
ICP–Research/Diario 16[6][16] 14–17 May 1993 1,000 75.7 35.0 33.0 10.7 3.1 5.1 1.3 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 2.0
Ábaco/El Correo[lower-alpha 2][17] 14–16 May 1993 15,000 ? 31.0
119/132		 33.5
149/172		 11.2
23/28		 2.5
1		 4.7
19		 1.6
5		 ?
4		 ?
1		 ?
1		 ?
2/3		 [lower-alpha 1] ?
1		 ?
1		 ?
1		 – – 2.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[5][6][18] 11–13 May 1993 10,200 ? 34.8
134/142		 35.3
147/155		 12.4
25/28		 1.4
0		 5.0
17/20		 1.5
6/7		 1.0
2/4		 0.4
0		 0.5
0		 0.7
1/2		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.7
1		 – 0.5
1/3		 0.3
0		 0.3
1		 0.5
Opina/La Vanguardia[19] 10–12 May 1993 2,000 ? 36.6
147/152		 35.7
143/147		 10.1
21/22		 2.0
0/1		 5.1
18/19		 1.4
5/6		 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 0.9
Gruppo/ABC[20][21] 8–11 May 1993 5,000 ? 34.1
134/147		 35.1
140/150		 12.9
27/29		 2.0
0		 4.9
17/18		 1.5
6/7		 1.1
4		 0.3
0		 0.5
1		 0.8
3		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.6
1		 0.3
1		 0.5
2/3		 0.2
0		 0.3
1		 1.0
PSOE[22] 27 Apr–11 May 1993 27,469 ? ?
152		 ?
137		 ?
21		 ?
1		 ?
18		 ?
5		 ?
4		 ?
1		 ?
1		 ?
3		 [lower-alpha 1] ?
1		 ?
1		 ?
2		 ?
2		 – ?
ICP–Research/Diario 16[6][23] 10 May 1993 1,000 ? 33.5 33.0 10.6 2.9 4.2 1.0 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 0.5
Demoscopia/El País[6][24] 8–10 May 1993 2,500 78 36.6 35.5 11.2 1.4 4.9 1.1 0.8 – 0.6 0.4 [lower-alpha 1] 0.7 – 0.4 – – 1.1
Sigma Dos/Tele 5[6][25] 2–4 May 1993 2,200 ? 35.8
142/152		 34.5
139/148		 11.7
26/27		 1.2
0		 4.8
16/17		 1.6
6/7		 ?
3/4		 – ?
0/1		 ?
1		 [lower-alpha 1] ?
1/2		 – – – ?
1		 1.3
Sigma Dos/Tele 5[26] 25–28 Apr 1993 ? ? 34.9 34.6 12.2 – 5.0 1.6 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 0.3
CIS[27][28][29] 24–28 Apr 1993 2,500 ? 33.5
135/145		 34.5
143/153		 ?
28/30		 – ?
19		 ?
6/7		 ?
3/4		 – ?
1		 ?
1		 [lower-alpha 1] ?
1/2		 ?
0/1		 ?
1		 – – ?
ICP–Research/Diario 16[6] 26 Apr 1993 1,000 ? 34.2 33.4 13.4 2.8 5.2 1.1 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 0.8
Opina/La Vanguardia[7] 19–21 Apr 1993 2,006 ? 35.5
138/142		 36.0
138/146		 11.0
27/30		 1.0
0		 5.5
17/19		 1.2
4/6		 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 0.5
Sigma Dos/Tele 5[30] 20 Apr 1993 ? ? 34.8
139/147		 35.0
143/151		 12.5
27		 – 4.9
?		 1.5
?		 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – ?
Gallup/Ya[5][6] 18 Apr 1993 1,003 ? 35.3 35.3 11.9 2.5 4.3 – – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – Tie
Eco Consulting/CIS[31] 15–16 Apr 1993 1,208 ? 33.3 34.2 12.1 1.8 5.4 – – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 0.9
Vox Pública–Iope/El Periódico[6][32] 13–16 Apr 1993 6,200 ? 36.0
145/160		 32.6
138/149		 10.7
24/26		 1.7
0		 3.5
17/18		 1.0
5/6		 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 3.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[5][6][33] 13–15 Apr 1993 8,200 ? 34.4
131/143		 35.8
145/158		 12.1
24/30		 1.1
0		 5.0
18/19		 1.6
6/7		 1.1
3/4		 0.6
0		 0.5
1		 0.7
1		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.7
1		 – – 0.3
0		 0.4
1		 1.4
Intercampo/CIS[34][35] 15–26 Mar 1993 2,500 70.2 34.6 33.6 11.6 1.5 4.7 1.4 – – – – [lower-alpha 1] – – – – – 1.0
Opina/La Vanguardia[36] 22–24 Mar 1993 2,016 ? 36.5
137/150		 35.4
133/141		 11.7
27/30		 1.7
0/1		 5.6
16/19		 1.5
4/6		 0.6
3/4		 – – – [lower-alpha 1] 0.9
0/1		 – – – – 1.1
Demoscopia/El País[5][37][38][39] 7–14 Mar 1993 10,000 65 33.9
140/152		 33.3
137/149		 11.5
26/29		 2.0
0/1		 5.0
16/20		 1.2
5/6		 0.9
4		 – 0.5
2		 0.5
1/2		 [lower-alpha 1] 0.8
1		 0.5
0/1		 0.5
1		 – – 0.6
Gallup/Ya 8–26 Feb 1993 1,003 ? 32.2 34.5 12.9 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.3
PP[40] 20 Feb 1993 ? ? 32.2 35.0 13.0 2.0 – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.8
Sigma Dos/El Mundo 1 Feb 1993 ? ? 36.5
147/157		 33.0
133/138		 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3.5
COPE[41] 23 Dec 1992 ? ? ?
149/153		 ?
138/140		 ?
18/19		 ?
0		 ?
18/19		 ?
7/8		 ?
5/6		 ?
7/8		 – – ?
1/2		 – – – – – ?
Europa Press[42][43] 23 Dec 1992 23,000 ? ?
157/162		 ?
119/123		 ?
27/28		 ?
2/3		 ?
19/20		 ?
6/8		 – – – – – – – – – – ?
Sigma Dos/El Mundo 14 Dec 1992 ? ? 36.9 31.5 10.9 2.3 5.1 1.3 – – – – – – – – – – 5.4
CIS[44][45] 4–28 Nov 1992 27,357 68.8 36.3
155		 31.0
127		 12.8
28		 2.1
1		 5.2
18		 1.4
6		 1.1
4		 1.4
3		 0.9
2		 0.7
2		 0.2
0		 0.7
1		 0.5
1		 0.5
2		 0.4
0		 – 5.3
CIS[46][47] 28 Oct–2 Nov 1992 2,499 ? 35.9 30.9 11.7 1.2 6.8 1.4 – – – – – – – – – – 5.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[48][49] 20–22 Oct 1992 3,000 ? 36.8 31.7 12.0 1.5 – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.1
OTR–IS/El Periódico[50] 17–19 Oct 1992 ? ? 37.4 31.1 11.5 2.2 5.2 – – – – – – – – – – – 6.3
Sigma Dos/El Mundo 20 Sep 1992 ? ? 38.4 31.0 10.4 2.0 – – – – – – – – – – – – 7.4
PSOE[51] 13 Sep 1992 20,000 ? 35.0–
37.0
150/155		 30.0–
31.0
120		 10.0–
12.0
30		 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.0–
6.0
OTR–IS[52] 16 Aug 1992 ? ? 37.8 31.2 11.5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.6
Sigma Dos/El Mundo 19 Jul 1992 ? ? 37.1 31.6 12.4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.5
PSOE[53][54][55] 1–10 Jul 1992 23,000 ? 35.2
155/160		 28.2
121/128		 12.2
28/30		 5.3
3		 ?
17		 ?
7		 ?
3		 ?
3		 ?
2		 ?
2		 ?
1		 ?
2		 ?
1		 ?
1		 ?
1		 – 7.0
PP[56][57] 7 Jul 1992 2,500 65 35.0 31.0 11.0 2.5 – – – – – – – – – – – – 4.0
Opina/La Vanguardia[58] 19–20 May 1992 1,000 ? 37.5 27.8 10.0 2.9 5.5 – – – – – – – – – – – 9.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[59][60] 26 Apr 1992 ? ? 37.6
159/166		 30.8
118/125		 10.6
23/25		 1.4
1		 ?
18/20		 ?
5/6		 – – – – – – – – – – 6.8
PP 5 Apr 1992 ? ? 38.0 31.0 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7.0
PP[61] 3 Mar 1992 ? ? 37.0 30.0 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[62] 29 Dec 1991 ? ? 38.5 29.3 10.4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9.2
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[63] 22 Sep 1991 ? ? 39.2 29.5 10.3 2.7 4.8 1.4 1.1 – – 0.6 0.4 – – – – – 9.7
1991 local elections 26 May 1991 N/A 62.8 38.3 25.7 8.4 3.9 4.9 1.6 1.1 1.8 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 – 12.6
PSOE[64] 9 Apr 1991 ? ? 41.5
177		 26.0
108		 10.7
?		 6.0
?		 5.0
?		 1.2
?		 – – – – – – – – – – 15.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 26–28 Oct 1990 1,000 ? 39.1 28.2 10.8 4.6 5.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 – 0.6 0.5 – – – – – 10.9
OTR–IS/El Periódico[66] 20 Sep–1 Oct 1990 ? ? 38.3 27.2 10.2 3.9 5.3 – – – – – – – – – – – 11.1
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 23 Sep 1990 ? ? 39.5 28.1 10.4 4.7 5.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 – 0.6 0.5 – – – – – 11.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 25 Jul 1990 1,000 ? 39.8 27.4 10.2 5.2 4.8 1.2 1.1 1.3 – 0.1 0.5 – – – – – 12.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 24 Jun 1990 ? ? 38.4 28.7 10.9 3.5 4.9 1.2 1.1 1.4 – 0.6 0.5 – – – – – 9.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 27 May 1990 ? ? 36.5 29.2 12.1 4.4 5.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 – 0.7 0.5 – – – – – 7.3
ICP–Research/Diario 16[67] 13 May 1990 ? ? 39.5 22.1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 17.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 22 Apr 1990 ? ? 36.8 28.3 11.8 5.4 4.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 – 0.6 0.5 – – – – – 8.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 25 Mar 1990 ? ? 37.6 28.4 11.7 4.2 4.9 1.2 1.1 1.3 – 0.6 0.5 – – – – – 9.2
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 25 Feb 1990 ? ? 36.3 29.0 12.4 4.7 4.5 1.1 1.0 1.2 – 0.6 0.5 – – – – – 7.3
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 21 Jan 1990 ? ? 37.0 29.1 10.4 5.9 4.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 – 0.6 0.5 – – – – – 7.9
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65] 31 Dec 1989 ? ? 39.8 26.2 9.5 6.9 4.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 – 0.7 0.6 – – – – – 13.6
1989 general election 29 Oct 1989 N/A 69.7 39.6
175		 25.8
107		 9.1
17		 7.9
14		 5.0
18		 1.2
5		 1.1
4		 1.0
2		 0.7
2		 0.7
2		 0.5
2		 0.4
0		 0.4
1		 0.3
1		 0.2
0		 – 13.8

Voting preferences

Polls shown below show the recording of raw responses for each party as a percentage of total responses before disregarding those who opted to abstain and prior to the adjusting for the likely votes of those who were undecided to obtain an estimate of vote share. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is shaded.

Date Polling firm/Source PSOE PP IU CDS CiU PNV Oth. No
party		 Und.
6 Jun 1993 General Election 29.5 26.4 7.3 1.3 3.8 0.9 7.2 23.6 0.0
25–29 May CIS 27.0 18.0 7.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 7.0 6.0 30.0
17–22 May ASEP 32.1 17.7 8.4 1.0 11.9 7.2 21.7
15–19 May CIS 24.3 16.9 6.8 1.1 3.4 0.7 6.9 7.6 32.3
14–16 May Ábaco 19.9 21.5 7.2 1.6 3.0 1.0 46.8
24–28 Apr CIS 22.0 16.2 6.5 1.0 3.6 0.6 7.0 7.3 35.8
19–24 Apr ASEP 28.3 18.9 6.5 1.5 11.5 9.1 24.2
15–16 Apr CIS 22.8 20.5 4.9 0.1 2.0 0.6 4.1 3.8 41.2
15–26 Mar CIS 27.3 19.1 7.2 1.1 3.5 1.1 6.6 10.6 23.5
15–20 Mar ASEP 24.6 20.2 7.1 1.4 13.5 11.9 21.3
15–20 Feb ASEP 26.1 21.8 5.7 1.4 11.7 10.0 23.3
8–13 Feb CIS 23.1 20.3 6.4 1.1 3.0 0.9 4.7 11.4 29.1
27 Jan–1 Feb CIS 20.0 12.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 4.0 13.0 41.0
18–23 Jan ASEP 21.6 15.7 7.4 1.3 11.7 11.0 31.3
1 Jan CIS 20.6 12.4 5.5 0.9 1.8 0.6 4.3 15.1 38.8
1993
15–18 Dec CIS 22.8 13.6 6.4 1.3 2.4 0.8 3.8 10.6 38.3
11–15 Dec Demoscopia 27.9 21.1 7.0 2.0 42.0
9–14 Dec ASEP 21.3 17.6 6.7 2.1 11.0 12.9 28.4
1–4 Dec CIS 20.5 11.9 5.0 1.2 2.3 0.5 3.8 12.3 42.5
9–14 Nov ASEP 22.1 15.6 6.8 1.6 12.2 14.6 27.1
28 Oct–2 Nov CIS 24.0 12.0 6.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 4.0 14.0 35.0
13–17 Oct ASEP 24.1 13.8 6.9 1.6 13.3 14.0 26.3
9–14 Oct CIS 24.4 10.7 4.4 0.8 2.9 0.5 4.0 15.4 36.9
14–19 Sep ASEP 25.5 15.4 6.8 1.6 11.7 14.2 24.8
8–11 Sep CIS 22.4 11.4 6.3 0.7 3.3 0.7 4.2 13.2 37.8
9–14 Jul CIS 26.5 10.6 6.6 1.0 1.9 1.6 4.0 13.1 34.7
1–8 Jul ASEP 26.0 16.4 6.2 1.5 12.5 13.1 24.3
26 Jun–2 Jul Demoscopia 28.0 18.0 8.4 45.6
16–20 Jun CIS 27.0 13.4 6.5 1.2 2.3 0.9 4.4 11.9 32.4
8–13 Jun ASEP 27.8 17.7 8.4 1.8 11.7 12.4 20.2
5–21 May CIS 24.3 10.3 6.3 1.2 2.8 0.7 5.0 14.2 35.2
11–16 May ASEP 25.1 15.9 8.2 1.8 13.4 13.2 22.4
24–29 Apr CIS 21.6 9.3 4.6 1.0 3.3 0.8 4.0 16.7 38.7
6–11 Apr ASEP 29.1 15.7 7.3 1.9 11.3 12.9 21.8
24–29 Mar Demoscopia 30.0 18.0 7.6 4.6 39.8
9–14 Mar ASEP 29.0 15.5 6.8 2.6 12.9 12.8 20.4
27 Feb–2 Mar CIS 28.8 11.4 5.2 0.8 2.7 0.6 3.1 11.6 35.8
10–15 Feb ASEP 28.9 16.8 6.7 1.9 10.4 11.7 23.6
29 Jan–3 Feb CIS 26.6 10.4 4.9 1.5 2.6 1.0 3.3 13.1 36.6
13–18 Jan ASEP 30.2 15.8 6.6 2.0 12.9 12.9 19.6
1992
30 Dec Demoscopia 33.0 15.0 5.1 3.4 43.5
9–14 Dec ASEP 31.1 14.8 6.7 2.1 10.9 15.7 18.7
1 Dec CIS 29.6 11.8 4.7 1.7 2.5 0.6 4.9 11.6 32.6
22–27 Nov CIS 32.7 11.0 6.3 1.5 2.5 1.3 3.6 11.4 29.7
11–16 Nov ASEP 31.3 15.0 6.5 3.0 11.7 13.0 19.5
19–23 Oct CIS 28.9 13.4 6.0 1.8 3.1 0.8 3.9 12.2 29.9
14–19 Oct ASEP 28.7 12.7 7.1 2.1 10.5 14.6 24.3
18–21 Sep CIS 29.7 9.6 5.0 1.0 4.5 2.4 6.3 11.0 30.5
16–20 Sep ASEP 29.7 13.2 5.6 1.7 12.4 13.9 23.5
1–15 Jul CIS 29.3 12.2 6.7 1.8 2.9 0.9 5.5 10.8 29.9
10–15 Jun ASEP 30.3 15.5 7.0 2.0 11.7 9.7 23.8
1 Jun CIS 26.6 11.0 6.7 1.5 3.2 1.1 5.4 11.3 33.2
13–18 May ASEP 28.7 12.1 7.5 3.5 11.0 10.6 26.6
17–20 Apr CIS 25.2 10.7 4.3 1.2 2.4 0.8 3.8 11.5 40.1
15–20 Apr ASEP 29.7 12.1 6.3 2.6 9.7 12.6 27.0
23–26 Mar CIS 31.1 10.8 5.3 1.6 2.8 0.8 4.4 9.2 34.0
18–23 Mar ASEP 33.9 12.5 6.6 3.6 11.8 9.6 22.0
11–16 Feb ASEP 28.7 12.8 8.5 4.2 12.1 13.1 20.6
3–5 Feb CIS 26.0 9.8 6.8 2.3 3.3 1.2 3.9 12.6 34.1
21–23 Jan CIS 27.4 9.2 4.9 2.2 1.9 0.7 3.9 13.2 36.6
14–18 Jan ASEP 26.0 13.2 8.6 3.1 12.1 13.2 23.8
1991
18–21 Dec CIS 27.6 11.0 6.0 2.4 3.2 1.0 4.0 12.7 32.1
10–15 Dec ASEP 26.0 15.5 7.3 4.1 11.7 12.0 23.4
22–27 Nov CIS 33.7 10.6 6.2 1.9 2.9 0.9 4.2 10.5 29.1
15–20 Nov ASEP 27.5 13.1 5.5 2.0 11.6 13.0 27.3
18–22 Oct CIS 29.3 10.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 1.0 4.2 11.3 31.5
15–20 Oct ASEP 24.5 13.9 6.6 2.5 12.2 10.8 29.5
17–21 Sep ASEP 27.1 12.8 5.4 1.7 11.5 11.1 30.4
18–20 Sep CIS 26.9 12.1 6.1 2.6 2.5 0.6 4.1 10.9 34.2
12–19 Jul CIS 32.9 10.8 5.9 2.0 3.0 0.4 4.6 11.0 29.4
2–6 Jul ASEP 28.6 13.1 6.4 3.2 8.8 9.2 30.7
21–26 Jun CIS 31.9 12.7 7.5 2.9 3.4 0.9 3.8 9.3 27.6
11–16 Jun ASEP 25.3 10.6 7.5 3.9 10.0 11.0 31.7
17–21 May CIS 31.6 11.8 8.0 2.1 2.5 0.8 4.9 8.1 30.2
14–19 May ASEP 27.3 11.8 6.7 1.9 10.8 11.6 29.9
2–5 May CIS 27.2 14.8 7.4 2.6 3.1 1.1 4.4 6.8 32.6
16–20 Apr ASEP 25.8 13.8 7.3 2.8 11.2 10.0 29.1
1–5 Apr CIS 24.9 12.9 6.2 2.3 2.7 1.1 3.2 12.0 34.7
26–29 Mar CIS 26.6 13.0 7.7 2.0 3.1 0.5 4.1 9.1 33.9
12–17 Mar ASEP 29.5 15.0 7.2 2.9 11.8 9.7 23.9
19–24 Feb CIS 27.5 13.9 7.9 4.3 3.0 1.1 3.8 10.9 27.6
12–17 Feb ASEP 30.9 14.8 8.5 3.5 11.9 14.7 15.7
19–22 Jan CIS 34.0 13.3 7.5 3.4 3.0 0.9 4.9 8.0 25.0
15–20 Jan ASEP 30.7 11.0 8.4 4.1 11.7 8.3 25.8
1990
14–18 Dec CIS 32.9 10.7 8.0 2.4 3.0 0.7 4.6 7.7 30.0
29 Nov–7 Dec ASEP 29.9 11.5 11.0 3.9 10.0 8.1 25.6
18–22 Nov CIS 31.3 11.6 8.8 3.5 3.6 1.3 5.1 9.0 25.8
6–11 Nov ASEP 32.1 12.9 10.9 3.0 10.8 7.1 23.2
29 Oct 1989 General Election 27.4 17.9 6.3 5.5 3.5 0.9 8.2 30.3 0.0

Notes
  1. Within PSOE.
  2. Undecided and/or abstentionists excluded.

References
  1. "El PSOE se inclina por gobernar en solitario tras su victoria electoral". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 7 June 1993.
  2. "Optimismo contenido entre los socialistas tras conocer el apoyo electoral recibido según los primeros resultados". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 7 June 1993.
  3. "Los sondeos se equivocaron en sus pronósticos". El País (in Spanish). 7 June 1993.
  4. "TVE1 y TV3 ganaron el otro 6-J". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 7 June 1993.
  5. "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  6. "Political Opinion polling in Spain and Portugal" (PDF). ICS. 10 September 2004. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  7. "Sigue el empate, con ventaja del PP". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 May 1993.
  8. "Aznar se perfila como ganador". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 30 May 1993.
  9. "Empate entre el PSOE y el PP en estimación de voto, según el CIS". El País (in Spanish). 28 May 1993.
  10. "El PP supera en cinco escaños a los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 30 May 1993.
  11. "Aznar sitúa al PP en cabeza con una mínima diferencia sobre los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 30 May 1993.
  12. "Lucha cerrada entre el Partido Popular y el PSOE, con ventaja de algo menos de un punto a favor de Aznar". ABC (in Spanish). 28 May 1993.
  13. "El PP gana en las encuestas". El País (in Spanish). 24 May 1993.
  14. "Estudio CIS nº 2059. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 28 May 1993.
  15. "El PSOE gana al PP por 5 escaños". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 21 May 1993.
  16. "El PSOE mantiene una ligera ventaja". El País (in Spanish). 22 May 1993.
  17. "El PP ganaría hoy las elecciones con 149-172 escaños según una encuesta de Abaco entre 15.000 personas". ABC (in Spanish). 23 May 1993.
  18. "Los sondeos a 20 días de los comicios". El País (in Spanish). 17 May 1993.
  19. "El PSOE aventaja en un punto al PP". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 16 May 1993.
  20. "El Partido Popular continúa su ascenso y ya supera por un punto al PSOE en intención de voto". ABC (in Spanish). 15 May 1993.
  21. "El PP superaba en intención de voto al PSOE antes del "jueves negro" de la política económica del Gobierno". ABC (in Spanish). 15 May 1993.
  22. "El PSOE dice aventajar al PP en 15 escaños". El País (in Spanish). 29 May 1993.
  23. "Ligera ventaja del PSOE". El País (in Spanish). 11 May 1993.
  24. "El PSOE solo supera en un punto al PP". El País (in Spanish). 16 May 1993.
  25. "PSOE y PP siguen a sólo un punto de diferencia en intención de voto". ABC (in Spanish). 8 May 1993.
  26. "34,9% contra 34,6%". El País (in Spanish). 1 May 1993.
  27. "Las encuestas reflejan una ligera recuperación del voto socialista". El País (in Spanish). 8 May 1993.
  28. "Los análisis de los últimos datos del CIS apuntan una ligera ventaja del PP sobre el PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 5 May 1993.
  29. "Puche asegura que los debates de Rtva serán "descafeinados y con soluciones de parcheo"". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 13 May 1993.
  30. "Encuesta de Tele-5: El PP aventaja en cuatro escaños al PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 24 April 1993.
  31. "Populares y socialistas, a menos de un punto". El País (in Spanish). 6 May 1993.
  32. "Menos de diez escaños separan al PP del PSOE". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 18 April 1993.
  33. "Resultados muy dispares en tres nuevos sondeos". El País (in Spanish). 18 April 1993.
  34. "El CIS daba a los socialistas en marzo una ventaja de un punto sobre el PP". El País (in Spanish). 21 April 1993.
  35. "El último sondeo del CIS reconoce el virtual empate entre el PSOE y el PP". ABC (in Spanish). 20 April 1993.
  36. "Empate PSOE-PP con leve ventaja socialista". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 28 March 1993.
  37. "La ventaja del PSOE sobre el PP se reduce a tres escaños". El País (in Spanish). 21 March 1993.
  38. "El PSOE aventajaría al PP en sólo tres escaños si las elecciones fuesen mañana". El País (in Spanish). 21 March 1993.
  39. "Las primeras elecciones sin ganador claro en diez años". ABC (in Spanish). 13 April 1993.
  40. "La "contraencuesta" del PP asegura que ya han superado al PSOE en casi tres puntos". ABC (in Spanish). 20 February 1993.
  41. "La encuesta del CIS refleja una fuerte bajada del PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 24 December 1992.
  42. "El PSOE pierde la mayoría absoluta, pero se mantiene a 40 escaños del PP". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 January 1993.
  43. "Arenas cree "interesada" la difusión de supuestos resultados de un sondeo del CIS". El País (in Spanish). 6 January 1993.
  44. "El sondeo de noviembre del CIS sitúa al PP a 18 escaños del PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 19 February 1993.
  45. "El PSOE pierde 20 escaños y el PP, que gana 20, se coloca a cinco puntos de los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 19 February 1993.
  46. "La última encuesta del CIS sitúa al PP a 5 puntos del PSOE, la distancia más corta en esos sondeos". El País (in Spanish). 11 December 1992.
  47. "La última encuesta del CIS coloca al PP a sólo cinco puntos del PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 12 December 1992.
  48. "Una encuesta sitúa a los populares a cinco puntos de los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 25 October 1992.
  49. "El PP, a seis puntos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 26 October 1992.
  50. "El desgaste del PSOE deja al PP a sólo 6 puntos". El Periódico (in Spanish). 25 October 1992.
  51. "Por primera vez, el PSOE tiene miedo a perder las elecciones". ABC (in Spanish). 13 September 1992.
  52. "Una encuesta reduce a 6,5 puntos la diferencia entre PP y PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 16 August 1992.
  53. "Una encuesta del PSOE revela que pierde la mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 September 1992.
  54. "Los socialistas pierden 15 escaños mientras el PP gana 21 e Izquierda Unida 11, según el sondeo 'secreto' de Guerra". El País (in Spanish). 29 September 1992.
  55. "Los socialistas pierden 20 escaños, mientras el PP e IU logran un apoyo electoral récord". El País (in Spanish). 1 October 1992.
  56. "PP considera que la distancia electoral con respecto al PSOE es de cuatro puntos". El País (in Spanish). 7 July 1992.
  57. "El PP asegura encontrarse a menos de un millón de votos del PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 31 August 1992.
  58. "Pequeñas variaciones en la expectativa de voto". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 25 May 1992.
  59. "El PP quedaría en las próximas elecciones a medio centenar de diputados de la mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 April 1992.
  60. "Los socialistas perderían su actual mayoría absoluta". La Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 27 April 1992.
  61. "Felipe González y José María Aznar, los políticos con mejor imagen según el CIS". ABC (in Spanish). 3 March 1992.
  62. "Un sondeo coloca al PSOE a nueve puntos del PP". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 30 December 1991.
  63. "El Partido Popular se acerca al 30 % en la intención de voto". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 23 September 1991.
  64. "El PSOE prepara la campaña con un aumento en la expectativa de voto". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 April 1991.
  65. García, José Luis Álvarez (4 November 1990). Ligero descenso de la intención de voto de los socialistas y mínimo ascenso de la del PP. El Mundo (in Spanish). ISBN 9788488192011.
  66. "Solo el 15% de los votantes del PSOE se considera de izquierdas". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 18 November 1990.
  67. "Proliferacion de sondeos electorales". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 14 May 1990.
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