Oracle Linux

Oracle Linux (abbreviated OL, formerly known as Oracle Enterprise Linux or OEL) is a Linux distribution packaged and freely distributed by Oracle, available partially under the GNU General Public License since late 2006.[4] It is compiled from Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) source code, replacing Red Hat branding with Oracle's. It is also used by Oracle Cloud and Oracle Engineered Systems such as Oracle Exadata and others.

Oracle Linux
Oracle Linux 7
DeveloperOracle Corporation
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial release4.5 / 26 October 2006 (2006-10-26)
Latest release8.3[1] / 13 November 2020 (2020-11-13)
Marketing targetEnterprise and Cloud computing
Update methodYUM (PackageKit)[2]
Package managerRPM Package Manager
PlatformsIA-32, x86-64, SPARC, ARM64[3]
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
Default user interfaceGNOME and KDE (user-selectable)
LicenseGNU GPL & various others.
Official websitewww.oracle.com/linux

Potential users can freely download Oracle Linux through Oracle's E-delivery service (Oracle Software Delivery Cloud) or from a variety of mirror sites, and can deploy and distribute it without cost.[5] The company's Oracle Linux Support program aims to provide commercial technical support, covering Oracle Linux and existing RHEL or CentOS installations but without any certification from the former (i.e. without re-installation or re-boot[6]).[4] As of 2016 Oracle Linux had over 15,000 customers subscribed to the support program.

RHEL compatibility

Oracle Corporation distributes Oracle Linux with two alternative Linux kernels:

Oracle promotes Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel as having 100% compatibility with RHEL, even though this is essentially impossible to guarantee due to the kernel's ABI changing due to various factors, including the kernel being based on a newer version which has many thousands of differences from Red Hat's kernel. While the Linux kernel developers, upstream, try never to break userspace, it has happened before. Oracle's compatibility claims lead the user to conclude that third-party RHEL-certified applications will behave properly on the Oracle kernel, but it does not provide any reference to third-party documentation.[4]

Hardware compatibility

Oracle Linux is certified on servers including from IBM,[10] Hewlett-Packard,[11] Dell,[12] Lenovo,[13] and Cisco.[14] In 2010, Force10 announced support for Oracle VM Server for x86 and Oracle Linux.[15] Oracle Linux is also available on Amazon EC2 as an Amazon Machine Image,[16] and on Microsoft Windows Azure as a VM Image.[17]

Oracle/Sun servers with x86-64 processors can be configured to ship with Oracle Linux.[18]

In November 2017, Oracle announced Oracle Linux on the ARM platform with support for the Raspberry Pi 3, Cavium ThunderX and X-Gene 3.

Virtualization support

Under the Oracle Linux Support program, Oracle Linux supports KVM and Xen.[4]

Other Oracle products are only supported under the Xen-based Oracle VM Server for x86.[19]

Deployment inside Oracle Corporation

Oracle Corporation uses Oracle Linux extensively within Oracle Public Cloud, internally to lower IT costs. Oracle Linux is deployed on more than 42,000 servers by Oracle Global IT; the SaaS Oracle On Demand service, Oracle University, and Oracle's technology demo systems also run Oracle Linux.[4]

Software developers at Oracle develop Oracle Database, Fusion Middleware, E-Business Suite and other components of Oracle Applications on Oracle Linux.[4]

Oracle Linux is used as the underlying operating system for the following appliances.[20]

Specific additions

Benchmark submissions

Sun Fire systems

In March 2012, Oracle submitted a TPC-C benchmark result using an x86 Sun Fire server running Oracle Linux and Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel.[25] With 8 Intel Xeon processors running Oracle DB 11 R2, the system was benchmarkeded at handling over 5.06 million tpmC (New-Order transactions per minute while fulfilling TPC-C[26]). The server was rated at the time as the third-fastest TPC-C non-clustered system and the fastest x86-64 non-clustered system.[27][28]

Oracle also submitted a SPECjEnterprise2010 benchmark record using Oracle Linux and Oracle WebLogic Server, and achieved both a single node and an x86 world record result of 27,150 EjOPS (SPECjEnterprise Operation/second).[29]

Cisco UCS systems

Cisco submitted 2 TPC-C benchmark results that run Oracle Linux with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel R2 on UCS systems.[30][31] The UCS systems rank fourth and eighth on the top TPC-C non-clustered list.[27]

SPARC version

In December 2010, Oracle CEO Larry Ellison, in response to a question on Oracle's Linux strategy, said that at some point in the future Oracle Linux would run on Oracle's SPARC platforms.[32] At Oracle OpenWorld 2014 John Fowler, Oracle's Executive Vice President for Systems, also said that Linux will be able to run on SPARC at some point.[33]

In October 2015, Oracle released a Linux reference platform for SPARC systems based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.[34][35][36]

In September 2016, Oracle released information about an upcoming product, Oracle Exadata SL6-2, a database server using SPARC processors running Linux.[37][38]

On 31 March 2017, Oracle posted the first public release of Oracle Linux for SPARC, installable on SPARC T4, T5, M5, and M7 processors.[39] The release notes state that the release is being made available "for the benefit of developers and partners", but is only supported on Exadata SL6 hardware.[40]

Software updates and version history

In March 2012, Oracle announced free software updates and errata for Oracle Linux on Oracle's public yum repositories.[41] In September 2013, Oracle announced that each month its free public yum servers handle 80 TB of data, and the switch to the Akamai content delivery network to handle the traffic growth.[42]

Release history
  • Oracle Linux 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
  • Oracle Linux 7, 7.1, 7.2,[43] 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9
  • Oracle Linux 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7,[44] 6.8, 6.9, 6.10
  • Oracle Linux 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11[45]
  • Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9[46]

Oracle Linux uses a version-naming convention identical to that of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (e.g. the first version, Oracle Linux 4.5, is based on RHEL 4.5).

Oracle Linux Release Architectures RHEL base Oracle Linux release date RHEL release date Days after RHEL release
4.5 i386, x86-64 4.5 2007-05-01
4.6 4.6 2007-12-10[47] 2007-11-16 24
4.7 4.7 2008-08-05[48] 2008-07-24 12
4.8 4.8 2009-05-26[49] 2009-05-18 8
4.9 4.9 2011-02-16
5.0 5 2007-06-26[50] 2007-03-14 104
5.1 5.1 2007-11-26[51] 2007-11-07 19
5.2 5.2 2008-06-02[52] 2008-05-21 12
5.3 5.3 2009-01-28[53] 2009-01-20 8
5.4 i386, x86-64, ia64 5.4 2009-09-09[54] 2009-09-02 7
5.5 5.5 2010-04-07[55] 2010-03-31
5.6 5.6 2011-01-22[56] 2011-01-13 9
5.7 5.7 2011-08-16[57] 2011-07-21 26
5.8 5.8 2012-03-02[58] 2012-02-21 10
5.9 5.9 2013-01-16[59] 2013-01-07 9
5.10 5.10 2013-10-08[60] 2013-10-01 7
5.11 5.11 2014-09-23[61] 2014-09-16
6.0 i386, x86-64 6 2011-02-11[62] 2010-11-10 93
6.1 6.1 2011-06-01 2011-05-19 13
6.2 6.2 2011-12-15 2011-12-06 9
6.3 6.3 2012-06-28[63] 2012-06-21 7
6.4 6.4 2013-02-28[64] 2013-02-21
6.5 6.5 2013-11-27[65] 2013-11-21 6
6.6 6.6 2014-10-21[66] 2014-10-14 7
6.7 6.7 2015-07-31[67] 2015-07-22 9
SPARC 2017-03-31[39] 618
6.8 i386, x86-64 6.8 2016-05-16[68] 2016-05-10 6
6.9 6.9 2017-03-28[69] 2017-03-21 7
6.10 6.10 2018-07-02[70] 2018-06-19 13
7.0 x86-64 7.0 2014-07-23[71] 2014-06-10 43
7.1 7.1 2015-03-12[72] 2015-03-05 7
7.2 7.2 2015-11-25[73] 2015-11-19 6
7.3 7.3 2016-11-10[74] 2016-11-03 6
7.4 7.4 2017-08-08[75] 2017-07-31 8
7.5 7.5 2018-04-17[76] 2018-04-10 7
7.6 x86-64, ARM64 7.6 2018-11-07[77] 2018-10-30 8
7.7 7.7 2019-08-15[78] 2019-08-06 9
7.8 7.8 2020-04-08[79] 2020-03-31 8
7.9 7.9 2020-10-07[80] 2020-09-29 8
8.0 8.0 2019-07-18[81] 2019-05-07 72
8.1 8.1 2019-11-15[82] 2019-11-05 10
8.2 8.2 2020-05-06[83] 2020-04-28 8
8.3 8.3 2020-11-13[84] 2020-10-29 15

Oracle OpenStack for Oracle Linux

Oracle announced on 24 September 2014 Oracle OpenStack for Oracle Linux distribution which allows users to control Oracle Linux and Oracle VM through OpenStack in production environments. Based on the OpenStack Icehouse release,[85] Oracle OpenStack for Oracle Linux distribution is a cloud management software product that provides an enterprise type solution to deploy and manage the IT environment. The product maintains the flexibility of OpenStack, allowing users to deploy different configurations, and to integrate with different software and hardware vendors. Oracle OpenStack for Oracle Linux is available for free download. There is no licensing cost. It can be downloaded for free from the Oracle web page. Supported OpenStack Services in Version 1 includes Nova, Keystone, Cinder, Glance, Neutron, Horizon and Swift. According to Oracle[86] the support for Oracle OpenStack for Oracle Linux is included as part of Oracle Premier Support for Oracle Linux, Oracle VM, and Systems. Oracle OpenStack for Oracle Linux can be downloaded from this site.

See also

References
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