Trisquel

Trisquel (full name Trisquel GNU/Linux) is a computer operating system, a Linux distribution, derived from another distribution, Ubuntu.[6] The project aims for a fully free software system without proprietary software or firmware and uses a version of Ubuntu's modified kernel, with the non-free code (binary blobs) removed.[7] Trisquel relies on user donations.[8] Its logo is a triskelion, a Celtic symbol.[9] Trisquel is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a distribution that contains only free software.[10]

Trisquel GNU/Linux
Trisquel 9.0 desktop
DeveloperThe Trisquel Project[1] and Sognus, S.L.U.
OS familyUnix-like
Working stateCurrent[2]
Initial releaseJanuary 30, 2007 (2007-01-30)[3]
Latest release9.0[4] / October 16, 2020 (2020-10-16)
Repository
Marketing targetHome users, small enterprises and educational centers[1]
Update methodLong-term support
Package managerAPT, Synaptic (GTK+ frontend), dpkg
Platformsamd64 and i386
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux-libre[5])
UserlandGNU
Default user interface
LicenseFSDG
Official websitetrisquel.info

Overview

Four basic versions are available.

Trisquel

The standard Trisquel distribution includes the MATE desktop environment and graphical user interface (GUI), and English, Spanish and 48 other localizations, 50 in total, on a 2.5GB live DVD image. Other translations can be downloaded if an internet connection is present during installation.[11]

Trisquel Mini

Trisquel Mini is an alternative to mainline Trisquel, designed to run well on netbooks and older hardware. It uses the low-resource environment LXDE and lightweight GTK+ and X Window System alternatives to GNOME and Qt-KDE applications.[12] The LXDE desktop also includes English and Spanish localizations, and can install from a 500 MB CD image.

Triskel

Triskel is another alternative to mainline Trisquel using the KDE graphical interface, available as a 2.0 GB ISO DVD live image.[4]

Trisquel Sugar TOAST

Sugar is a free and open source desktop environment designed with the goal of being used by children for interactive learning. Sugar replaces the standard MATE desktop environment available with Trisquel.[13]

Trisquel NetInstall

NetInstall consists of a 25MB CD iso image with just the minimal amount of software to start the installation via a text based network installer and fetch the remaining packages over the Internet.[13]

Internationalization

The full installation includes 51 languages (Albanian, Arabic, Aranese, Asturian, Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Central Khmer, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Low German, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Occitan, Punjabi, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Thai, Turkish, Valencian and Vietnamese) pre-installed in a downloadable 1.2-gigabyte DVD image.[14]

Source code for the full Trisquel installation is also available in a downloadable 3-gigabyte DVD image.

History

The project began in 2004 with sponsorship of the University of Vigo for Galician language support in education software and was officially presented in April 2005 with Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU Project, as a special guest.[15] According to project director Rubén Rodríguez, the support for Galician has created interest in South American and Mexican communities of emigrants from the Province of Ourense.[16]

By December 2008, Trisquel was included by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in its list of Linux distributions endorsed by the Free Software Foundation.[17]

Release history
Legend: Old version, not maintained Older version, still maintained Current stable version Latest preview version Future release
Version Code name Release date Supported until Kernel Desktop environment Based on
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0 Arianrhod 2007-01-30[3] N/A Linux 2.6.18.6 GNOME 2.14 Debian 4.0 (Etch)
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0 LTS Robur 2008-07-24[18] 2014-03-02[19][20] Linux 2.6.24 GNOME 2.22 Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0 STS Dwyn 2009-09-08[21] 2011-05-11[19][22] Linux-libre 2.6.28 GNOME 2.26 Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.5 STS Awen 2010-03-22[23] 2011-07-14[19][24] Linux-libre 2.6.31 GNOME 2.28 Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0 LTS Taranis 2010-09-18[25] 2015[26] Linux-libre 2.6.32 GNOME 2.30 Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.5 STS Slaine 2011-03-24[27] 2012-09-15[19][28] Linux-libre 2.6.35 GNOME 2.32 Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0 STS Dagda 2011-09-17[29] 2014-03-02[19][20] Linux-libre 2.6.38 GNOME 2.32 Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.5 STS Brigantia 2012-04-16[30] 2014-03-02[19][20] Linux-libre 3.0 GNOME 3.2 Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.0 LTS Toutatis 2013-03-09[31] 2017[31] Linux-libre 3.2 GNOME 3.4 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)
Old version, no longer maintained: 7.0 LTS Belenos 2014-11-03[32] 2019[32] Linux-libre 3.13 GNOME 3.12 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr)
Older version, yet still maintained: 8.0 LTS Flidas[33] 2018-04-18 2021 Linux-libre 4.4 MATE 1.12 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)
Current stable version: 9.0 LTS Etiona[34] 2020-10-16[4] 2023 Linux-libre 4.15 MATE 1.20 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)
Future release: 10.0 LTS Nabia[35] TBA TBA TBA TBA Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)

    The releases that use GNOME 3.x use GNOME Classic/Flashback, rather than the default GNOME Shell. All Trisquel releases starting with version 6 are only based on Ubuntu LTS releases.[36]

    Current versions include this common software:

    • Abrowser, a rebranded version of Firefox that never suggests non-free add-ons, and includes no trademarked art or names. It features privacy enhancing modifications such as not starting network connections on its own.[37] It is rebranded because the Mozilla Trademark Policy forbids modifications that include their trademark without consent.[38]
    • Gnash, a SWF viewer, instead of Adobe Flash Player, which is proprietary software.[39]

    Prior editions:

    Trisquel LTSP classroom server, managed via iTALC.
    • Trisquel Pro was business-oriented and small. It was part of the Trisquel 2.0 LTS Robur (2008), but no other release followed.[40]
    • Trisquel Edu was education-oriented, for schools and universities. Like Trisquel Pro, no other release followed Trisquel 2.0 Robur (2008).[41]
    • Trisquel on Sugar was education-oriented, based on the Sugar desktop environment for interactive learning for children. It was released at the same time as Trisquel 7.
    • Trisquel Gamer was an independent edition maintained by David Zaragoza. It included 55 free software games and could boot from a live DVD or USB drive. It was released with Trisquel 3.5 (2010), which is no longer supported.[42]

    Reception
    Trisquel 6 Desktop running GNOME Fallback Mode

    Jesse Smith of DistroWatch reviewed the 4.0 release, Taranis, and described it as refined and dependable. He portrayed difficulty with removing software as his main problem with the release. He complimented it as an operating system that showcased utility instead of mere compliance with free software criteria.[6]

    Jesse Smith also reviewed Trisquel 7.0 in 2014, writing "Whenever I boot up Trisquel I find myself wondering whether the free software only distribution will be able to hold its own when it comes to hardware drivers, multimedia support and productivity software. The answer I came to when running Trisquel 7.0 is that, yes, the distribution appears to be nearly as capable as operating systems that do not stick to the FSF's definition of free software. Some people who use hardware that requires binary blobs or non-free drivers may face problems and Flash support isn't perfect when using the free Gnash player, but otherwise Trisquel appears to be every bit as functional as other mainstream Linux distributions. The software Trisquel ships with appears to be stable, functional and user friendly. The distribution is easy to install, I found it pleasant to use and I didn't encounter any problems. People who value or wish to promote free software should definitely try running Trisquel, it's an excellent example of what can be accomplished with free software."[43]

    Jim Lynch of Desktop Linux Reviews reviewed the 5.5 release, Brigantia, and described it as "well-ordered and well developed" and recommended it to users whether they care about only using free software or not. Lynch stated that the release was suitable for beginners and advanced users.[44]

    Chris Fisher and Matt Hartley of The Linux Action Show! praised the design, ease of use, and hardware support of Trisquel 5.5 and Trisquel 5.5 Mini, but found that the Linux-libre kernel found in Trisquel impedes functionality of proprietary wireless devices. They argued that the distribution was targeting power users and that new users should use a different distribution.[45]

    Richard Stallman announced in January 2015 that he is using Trisquel on a Thinkpad X60 instead of his former computer the Lemote Yeeloong.[46]

    Hardware

    IA-32 and x86-64 CPU architectures are supported since Trisquel 5.5, which includes free software compatible chipsets.[47]

    See also

    References
    1. "Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". trisquel.info. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
    2. "Download - Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". trisquel.info. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
    3. The Trisquel Project (30 January 2007). "Publicación de Trisguel 1.0". trisquel.uvigo.es. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
    4. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-90-etiona-release-announcement-and-100-plans
    5. "Documentation | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". Retrieved 2016-03-05.
    6. Smith, Jesse (October 4, 2010). "Trisquel GNU/Linux - a free distribution". DistroWatch. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
    7. "How Trisquel is Made". Trisquel.info. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
    8. "Siete factores antes de usar 'software'" (in Spanish). El Comercio. April 14, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
    9. "How is "Trisquel" pronounced?". The Trisquel Project. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
    10. "List of Free GNU/Linux Distributions". Retrieved 13 May 2014.
    11. "Download Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". Retrieved April 18, 2018.
    12. "Trisquel Mini". The Trisquel Project. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
    13. Editions | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!
    14. Which languages is Trisquel available in? | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!
    15. "Richard Stallman, defensor del software libre, sorprendió a los universitarios". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). April 28, 2005. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
    16. García, Ana (May 17, 2007). "Software libre da terra, compartindo cultura" (in Galician). El Progreso. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
    17. "Free GNU/Linux distributions". Free Software Foundation. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
    18. "Proxecto Trisquel" (in Galician). July 24, 2008. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    19. "Index of /trisquel/dists". Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
    20. "[Trisquel-announce] [Trisquel-devel] Robur, Dagda and Brigantia moved to oldarchive". March 2, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    21. "Trisquel 3.0 STS "Dwyn" has landed!". The Trisquel Project. September 8, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    22. "[Trisquel-announce] Trisquel 3.0 STS Dwyn reaches end of life, 3.5 soon to follow". May 11, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    23. "Trisquel 3.5 Awen release announcement". The Trisquel Project. March 22, 2010. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    24. "[Trisquel-devel] Trisquel 5.0 development repository up, 3.5 reaches end of life". July 15, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    25. "Trisquel 4.0 LTS "Taranis" strikes!". The Trisquel Project. September 18, 2010. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    26. "Versions". Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    27. "Trisquel 4.5 "Slaine" released". The Trisquel Project. March 24, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    28. "[Trisquel-announce] Trisquel 4.5 Slaine reached end of life". September 15, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    29. "Trisquel 5.0 Release announcement". The Trisquel Project. September 17, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    30. "Trisquel 5.5 STS Brigantia release announcement". The Trisquel Project. April 16, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    31. "Trisquel 6.0 LTS "Toutatis" has arrived!". The Trisquel Project. March 9, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    32. "Trisquel 7.0 LTS Belenos". The Trisquel Project. November 3, 2014. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
    33. "Update config file for next Trisquel release". Trisquel at Gitlab. February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
    34. "Trisquel 9.0 development plans". April 18, 2018.
    35. "Trisquel 10 name". 4 December 2020.
    36. "2013-03-05 Meeting". Trisquel. March 5, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
    37. "Trisquel 8.0 LTS Flidas". Trisquel. April 4, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
    38. "Mozilla Trademark Policy". Mozilla. October 30, 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
    39. Baader, Hans-Joachim (September 20, 2011). "Trisquel 5.0 veröffentlicht" [Trisquel 5.0 published] (in German). Pro-Linux. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
    40. "Trisquel Pro". The Trisquel Project. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
    41. "Trisquel Edu". The Trisquel Project. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
    42. Zaragoza, David. "Trisquel Gamer". The Trisquel Project. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
    43. DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 587, 1 December 2014
    44. Lynch, Jim (April 24, 2012). "Trisquel 5.5". Desktop Linux Reviews. Archived from the original on August 17, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
    45. Fisher, Chris; Hartley, Matt (September 2, 2012). "Trisquel GNU/Linux Review - LAS - s23e05". Jupiter Broadcasting. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
    46. Stallman, Richard. "Richard Stallman's personal site - How I do my computing". Retrieved January 6, 2015.
    47. "ThinkPenguin". trisquel.info. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
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