Otostegia integrifolia

Otostegia integrifolia, more commonly known as Abyssinian rose,[2] a plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is endemic to Ethiopia, in the dry evergreen woodlands of the Tigray, Gondar, Wollo and Gojjam regions, North Shewa, Kaffa and Hararghe regions, as well as in the dry and moist agroclimatic zones of the district known as Dega, at altitudes of 1,300—2,800 m. above sea-level.[3] It also grows in Yemen, northwest of Mukalla.[4] In Ethiopia, O. integrifolia is commonly known by its Amharic vernacular of tinjute = ጥንጁት (alt. sp. Tindjut).

Not to be confused with Rosa abyssinica.

Otostegia integrifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Otostegia
Species:
O. integrifolia
Binomial name
Otostegia integrifolia
Benth.
Synonyms[1]

Rydingia integrifolia (Benth.) Scheen & V.A. Albert

Description

A much-branched shrub, growing to a height of 4 m; the stem angled and older stems ash grey and flaking, often bearing paired spines at the nodes. Leaves are simple, nearly sessile, ob-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2–9 cm long, cuneate at the base, clothed on both sides with white tomentum; aromatic, the edge double toothed or round toothed. Flowers are two-lipped with yellow or yellow-orange lower petal and white or cream-colored upper petal, the orange anthers held inside the upper petal. Whorls few or many, 5–6-flowered; bracts rigid, tricuspidate. Calyx sessile; tube 1/4 in. long, densely pubescent, with 10 raised ribs; upper lip small, oblong, pointed, entire; lower orbicular-cuneate, 3/4 in. broad, faintly crenate.

Chemistry and pharmacology

By using analytical and preparative gas chromatography (GC), terpenes have been extracted from air-dried Abyssinian rose (Otostegia integrifolia) leaves.[5] A total of 40 constituents including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and their derivatives were identified.

Scientific and medicinal uses

The species of Otostegia have traditionally been used in folklore medicines, for treatment of ophthalmia, as an anti-microbial, antihyperglyceamic, and for its anti-oxidant properties used in preventing different kinds of sickness and disorders, of which five species have been reported in the flora of Ethiopia.[6] Several studies suggest that O. integrifolia is a good natural anti-oxidant that can be used as health-promoting agent for various disorders including diabetes mellitus.[7] The species O. integrifolia is well known for its pleasant odour, omnipotent medicinal values, and when its wood is fumigated has proven insecticidal properties (mosquito repellent).[8]

Other traditional uses

The wood of the Abyssinian rose (O. integrifolia) has insecticidal properties and is often gathered and burnt to fumigate homes, the aroma from the smoke being similar to perfume.[9] Some upturn earthenware brewing jars directly over the smoke emitted from the burning wood, in order to absorb its flavor and to impart the same to an alcoholic beverage to be stored in the jars. The beverage, known locally as tella, is made from a bath of malted barley to which a batch of hops is later added, derived from the ground leaves of gesho for fermenting, being a species of buckthorn (Rhamnus prinoides). A smouldering coal from either olive wood or the Abyssinian rose wood is also put within ceramic jars used to contain milk, so as to impart its flavor to the milk. Some say that the smoke is used in this case as a disinfectant and to extend the shelf-life of the product.[10] The wood is often collected as firewood, and used for scenting cloth material.

In Ethiopia, mothers after childbirth are smoked with tinjute on the tenth day after giving birth (postpartum). This was believed to “cleanse” the birthing mother so that she could leave her confinement and again resume a normal daily life.[11][12]

References
  1. Scheen & V.A. Albert, Systematics and Geography of Plants (Journal), vol. 77 (2007), p. 235
  2. Sue Edwards, Some Flowering Plants of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa Univ. Press 1976.
  3. Azene Bekele-Tesemma, Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia (ed. Bo Tengnäs, Ensermu Kelbesa, Sebsibe Demissew and Patrick Maundu), Nairobi Kenya 2007, s.v. Otostegia integrifolia
  4. Abdul Wali Ahmed Al Khulaidi, Flora of Yemen (checklist of flora), Sanaa, Yemen 2013, p. 157.
  5. Hailemichael Tesso & Wilfried A. König, "Terpenes from Otostegia integrifolia", Phytochemistry (2004 Jul) 65:2057–2062
  6. Khan F. & Syed F., "Bioactive Constituents from Genus Otostegia", SARJ of Physical Science (1) 2013, pp. 15 – 25
  7. Tadesse S., Messele B., Seyoum A., Mazumder A., Bucar F. and Asres K., Essential oil of Otostegia integrifolia benth: composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, Ethiopian Pharmeceutical Journal 2011; 29:1. Open URL.
  8. Karunamoorthi K., Ramanujam S. & Rathinasamy R., "Evaluation of leaf extracts of Vitex negundo L. (Family: Verbenaceae) against larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Insecta; Diptera; Culicidae) and repellent activity on adult vector mosquitoes", Parasitol Research (103) 2008, pp. 545 – 550
  9. Sue Edwards, Some Wild Flowering Plants of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa University Press, 1976, s.v. Tindjut
  10. Alemayehu Y.A. , Wurzinger M., Tegegne A. and Zollitsch W., Handling, processing and marketing of milk in the north western Ethiopian highlands, Livestock Research for Rural Development 2009, (21) p. 97
  11. Getahun, A., Some common medicinal and poisonous plants used in Ethiopian folk medicine, Addis Ababa University 1976
  12. Wilson, R.T. & Mariam, W.G ., Medicine and Magic in Central Tigre: A Contribution to the Ethnobotany of the Ethiopian Plateau, Econonic Botany (33) 1979, pp. 29–34.
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