Pōmare II

Full name
	Tū Tūnuiʻēʻaiteatua Pōmare II

Pōmare II
Pōmare II
King of Tahiti
Reign	1782 – 7 December 1821
Coronation	13 February 1791
Predecessor	Pōmare I
Successor	Pōmare III
Regent	Pōmare I
Born	c. 1782
Died	December 7, 1821; Motu Uta, Papeete, Tahiti
Burial	Pōmare Royal Cemetery, Papaʻoa, ʻArue
Spouse	Tetuanui Tarovahine; Teriʻitoʻoterai Teremoemoe; Teriʻitariʻa Ariʻipaea Vahine
Issue	Pōmare IV; Teinaiti; Pōmare III
Full name
	Tū Tūnuiʻēʻaiteatua Pōmare II
House	House of Pōmare
Father	Pōmare I
Mother	Tetua-nui-reia-i-te-ra'i-atea[1]
Religion	Tahitian; later Reformed

Pōmare II (c. 1782 – December 7, 1821) (fully Tu Tunuieaiteatua Pōmare II or in modern orthography Tū Tū-nui-ʻēʻa-i-te-atua Pōmare II; historically misspelled as Tu Tunuiea'aite-a-tua), was the second king of Tahiti between 1782 and 1821. He was installed by his father Pōmare I at Tarahoi, February 13, 1791. He ruled under regency from 1782 to 1803.

Life

Initially recognised as supreme sovereign and Ariʻi-maro-ʻura by the ruler of Huahine, he was subsequently forced from Tahiti and took refuge in Moʻorea December 22, 1808, but returned and defeated his enemies at the Battle of Te Feipī, November 11, 1815.[2][3][note 1] He was thereafter recognised as undisputed king (Te Ariʻi-nui-o-Tahiti) of Tahiti, Moʻorea and its dependencies.

On November 15, 1815, he proclaimed himself King of Tahiti and Moʻorea in the name of the Christian God.[6][7]

Conversion to Christianity

Pomare II believed that he lost favor with the god 'Oro, and, aided by the missionary Henry Nott, he began paying more attention to the God of the Christians.

He was baptised May 16, 1819 at the Royal Chapel, Papeʻete – Christianity and the support of English missionaries aided the centralisation of monarchic power.

Three London Missionary Society missionaries, Henry Bicknell, William Henry, and Charles Wilson preached at the baptism of King Pōmare II. Afterwards, "Henry Bicknell stood on the steps of the pulpit, took water from a basin held by William Henry, and poured it" on King Pōmare's head.[8]

Pōmare II extended his realm to land outside of the Society Islands. He inherited his father's dominion over the Tuamotus and settled many conflicts between the disparate local chieftains in 1817 and 1821. However, his family's rule only extended to the eastern and central portions of the Tuamotus archipelago. In 1819, the king took nominal possession of Raivavae and Tubuai in the Austral Islands, although control was relegated to the local chiefs.[9][10]

Today a majority of 54% of the French Polynesian population belongs to various Protestant churches, especially the Maohi Protestant Church which is the largest and accounts for more than 50% of the population.[11] It traces its origins to Pomare II, the king of Tahiti, who converted from traditional beliefs to the Reformed tradition brought to the islands by the London Missionary Society.

Family

Pōmare II was married first before March 1797 (betrothed January 1792) to his double first cousin Tetua-nui Taro-vahine, Ariʻi of Vaiari (now Papeari), who died at ʻArue, July 21, 1806. Around 1809, he married two sisters: Teriʻitoʻoterai Teremoemoe and Teriʻitariʻa who were daughters of Tamatoa III, Ariʻi Rahi of Raiatea.[12]

With his second wife Teriʻitoʻoterai Teremoemoe, he had three children:[12][1]

ʻAimata (28 February 1813 – 17 September 1877), who ruled as Pōmare IV
Teinaiti (21 November 1817[13] – 20 March 1818), who died young
Teriʻitariʻa (25 June 1820 – 8 January 1827 (age), who ruled as Pōmare III

Death

Pōmare died of alcohol-related causes at Motu Uta, Papeete, Tahiti on December 7, 1821.

He was succeeded by his son Pōmare III, who reigned 1821–1827.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Pōmare II

16. Teuruari’i

8. Tu-moe-hania

17. Marurai

4. Teu Tunuieaite Atua

18. Vehi-atua-i-te-mata’i

9. Tetua-huria

2. Pōmare I

20. Teri’i-ve-tearai Rofa’i

10. Tamatoa III

21. Marama

5. Tetupaia-i-Hauiri

11. Mai-he’a

1. Pōmare II

12. Teri’i-Vaetua-i-Ahura’i

6. Teihotu-i-Ahura’i

26. Tu-nui-e-a’e-i-te Atua Tutaha

13. Airoro-ana’a-i-Farepu’a

27. Te-ra’i-atua

3. Tetua-nui-reia-i-te-raʻi-atea

14. Punua Teraitua-i-Nu’urua

7. Vave’a Tetua-nui-rei-a-ite Ra’iatea

30. Pu-nua-i-te-atua

15. Fetefete-te-ui

31. Te-varua-nei-atua

Notes

Te Feipī translates as "the Ripe Plantain" in Tahitian.[4] The British missionaries recorded that the Battle of Te Feipī occurred on the Sabbath on 12 November 1815. However, the local Tahitian calendar was one day ahead of the rest of the world and wouldn't be corrected until 1848.[5]

References

Henry & Orsmond 1928, p. 249.
Sissons 2014, pp. 48–52.
1815 – La bataille de Fei Pi. Histoire de l'Assemblée de la Polynésie française
Adams 1901, p. 158.
Newbury 1980, pp. 37, 124.
Kirk 2012, p. 51.
Layton 2015, p. 131.
The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, 28.
Gonschor 2008, pp. 39–42.
Kirk 2012, pp. 158-159.
"126th Maohi Protestant Church Synod to last one week". Tahitipresse. 26 July 2010. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
Teissier 1978, pp. 50–54.
The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle. 1818. p. 545.

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Regnal titles
Preceded by Pōmare I	King of Tahiti 1782–1821	Succeeded by Pōmare III

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[6] Te Feipī translates as "the Ripe Plantain" in Tahitian.[4] The British missionaries recorded that the Battle of Te Feipī occurred on the Sabbath on 12 November 1815. However, the local Tahitian calendar was one day ahead of the rest of the world and wouldn't be corrected until 1848.[5]

[FOOTNOTEHenryOrsmond1928249-1] Henry & Orsmond 1928, p. 249.

[FOOTNOTESissons201448–52-2] Sissons 2014, pp. 48–52.

[histoire.assemblee310-3] 1815 – La bataille de Fei Pi. Histoire de l'Assemblée de la Polynésie française

[FOOTNOTEAdams1901158-4] Adams 1901, p. 158.

[FOOTNOTENewbury198037,_124-5] Newbury 1980, pp. 37, 124.

[FOOTNOTEKirk201251-7] Kirk 2012, p. 51.

[FOOTNOTELayton2015131-8] Layton 2015, p. 131.

[9] The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, 28.

[FOOTNOTEGonschor200839–42-10] Gonschor 2008, pp. 39–42.

[FOOTNOTEKirk2012158-159-11] Kirk 2012, pp. 158-159.

[tahitipresse-12] "126th Maohi Protestant Church Synod to last one week". Tahitipresse. 26 July 2010. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2011.

[FOOTNOTETeissier197850–54-13] Teissier 1978, pp. 50–54.

[14] The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle. 1818. p. 545.