Pamela Harriman

Pamela Beryl Harriman (née Digby; 20 March 1920 – 5 February 1997), also known as Pamela Churchill Harriman, was an English-born American political activist for the Democratic Party, diplomat, and socialite. She married three important and powerful men, her first husband being Randolph Churchill, the son of prime minister Winston Churchill. Her only child, Winston Churchill, was named after his famous grandfather.

The Honorable

Pamela Harriman
58th United States Ambassador to France
In office
30 June 1993 – 5 February 1997
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byWalter Curley
Succeeded byFelix Rohatyn
Personal details
Born
Pamela Beryl Digby

20 March 1920
Farnborough, Hampshire, England
Died5 February 1997(1997-02-05) (aged 76)
Paris, France
Resting placeArden, Harriman, New York
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1939; div. 1946)​
      ​
      ​
      (m. 1960; died 1971)​
        ​
        ​
        (m. 1971; died 1986)​
        ChildrenWinston Spencer-Churchill
        Parents
        RelativesEdward Henry Kenelm Digby (brother)
        ProfessionDiplomat, socialite

        Early life

        Pamela Digby was born in Farnborough, Hampshire, England, the daughter of Edward Digby, 11th Baron Digby, and his wife, Constance Pamela Alice, the daughter of Henry Campbell Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare. She was educated by governesses in the ancestral home at Minterne Magna in Dorset, along with her three younger siblings. Her great-great aunt was the nineteenth-century adventurer and courtesan Jane Digby (1807–1881), notorious for her exotic travels and scandalous personal life. Pamela was to follow in her ancestor's footsteps, and has been called "the 20th-century's most influential courtesan".[1]

        Raised amid acres of Dorset farmland and woods, from an early age Pamela was a very good horsewoman. She competed at shows at the International Olympia, Royal Bath and West Show, and local shows at Dorchester and Melplash. She show-jumped a tiny pony called Stardust that did a clear round at Olympia when every fence was above the animal's withers.[2]

        At the age of seventeen, she was sent to a Munich boarding school for six months. While there she was introduced to Adolf Hitler by Unity Mitford. She subsequently went to Paris, taking some classes at the Sorbonne. Although in her Who's Who biography she identified these classes as "post-graduate" work, she actually never completed a college degree.[3] By 1937, she had returned to England.[4]

        She was a descendant of the Earls of Leicester and Ilchester and the Dukes of Atholl. She was a first cousin of Lavinia Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. She was also a third cousin, once removed, of Angus Ogilvy, husband of Queen Elizabeth's cousin, Alexandra of Kent. She was also a fourth cousin, once removed, of Sarah, Duchess of York.[2]

        Personal life
        Pamela Harriman, 18 June 1938, Coming of Age covers on the Tatler

        Marriage to Randolph Churchill

        In 1939, while working at the Foreign Office in London doing French-to-English translations, Pamela met Randolph Churchill, the son of Winston Churchill, and a womaniser and alcoholic, desperate for a wife, having already proposed to eight women in the space of two weeks.[5] Randolph proposed to her on the very evening they met, and they were married on 4 October 1939.[4] Two days after Randolph Churchill took his seat in the House of Commons, their son Winston was born. Shortly after giving birth, Pamela and the newborn were photographed by Cecil Beaton for Life magazine, its first cover of a mother with baby.[6]

        In February 1941, Randolph was sent to Cairo for military service, where he accrued large gambling debts. His letter to Pamela asking her to make good on his debts, along with her affair with W. Averell Harriman, combined to shatter their marriage. Eventually, she filed for divorce in December 1945 on the grounds that he had deserted her for three years. Later, after having converted to Catholicism, she obtained an annulment from the Catholic Church.[6]

        Romantic involvements and affairs

        Beside two additional marriages, Pamela Harriman had numerous affairs with men of prominence and wealth. During her marriage to Randolph Churchill, she had romantic involvements with men such as: Harriman, who much later became her third husband; Edward R. Murrow; and John Hay "Jock" Whitney. Notable consorts after her divorce from Churchill included Prince Aly Khan, Alfonso de Portago, Gianni Agnelli, and Baron Elie de Rothschild.[6][7]

        Churchill became well known for her attention to detail with men. When involved romantically with a man, she paid extremely close attention to his desires and preferences, and went to any lengths necessary to satisfy his needs during the affair.[8] William S. Paley, briefly a consort during WWII, said: "She is the greatest courtesan of the century", meaning it more as a compliment than a detraction.[6] The more critical Max Hastings said, acerbically, "she was ... described as having become 'a world expert on rich men's bedroom ceilings'."[9]

        After her divorce from Randolph Churchill, she moved to Paris and in 1948 began her five-year-long affair with Agnelli. She described this as the happiest period of her life. Agnelli, however, was not faithful in this relationship. In 1952, Pamela found him with a young woman, Anne-Marie d'Estainville, and complained strongly about this, despite her own past behaviour. Agnelli sustained a severe leg injury in a car accident while bringing d'Estainville home. Pamela nursed him through his injury, and later became pregnant (although it was never confirmed that this was by Agnelli), but had an abortion in Switzerland. Later, Princess Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto became pregnant by Agnelli, and Pamela Churchill ended the affair.[7]

        Her next significant relationship was with Baron de Rothschild, who was married. He supported her financially, and she was schooled in art history and wine-making during this clandestine and short relationship.[10] During this time she also entertained an affair with the writer Maurice Druon and with the shipping magnate Stavros Niarchos.[6]

        Marriage to Leland Hayward

        In 1959, she met Broadway producer Leland Hayward, who was still married to Slim Hawks.[8] He proposed to her, and after her marriage ultimatum to Rothschild was rejected, she accepted Hayward's offer and moved to New York City. The day Hayward's divorce was final, she became the fifth Mrs. Hayward with the ceremony taking place in Carson City, Nevada, on 4 May 1960. Hayward was rich with income from his productions, notably the very successful The Sound of Music, allowing for a lavish and luxurious lifestyle mostly between their residence in New York City and the Westchester County estate "Haywire." Haywire also became the name of the memoirs of her stepdaughter Brooke Hayward.[8] Pamela Hayward stayed with her husband until his death on 18 March 1971.[4]

        Marriage to W. Averell Harriman

        The day after Hayward's funeral, Pamela arranged to resume her acquaintance with her former lover, Harriman, then 79 years old and recently widowed. They were married on 27 September 1971. With this marriage, her social focus was moved to Washington, D.C., where he owned a townhouse in Georgetown from which they entertained many notable people. Harriman, a railroad heir, was wealthy and also bought an estate in Virginia and a private jet.[4] With Harriman's involvement and links in the Democratic Party, her political career began. Her last marriage lasted until his death in 1986.[4] In later years, she had many legal problems with Harriman's children concerning the inheritance.[6][11]

        Pamela Harriman served on The Rockefeller University Council from 1977 to 1979, and on the Board of Trustees from 1979 to 1993.[12] She also served on the Board of Visitors of the College of William and Mary from 1986-1990 where she established The Pamela Harriman Professorship of Government and Public Policy and sponsored a scholarship in her name for three students to serve each summer at the US Embassy to France.

        Political life

        As Pamela Churchill Harriman she became a United States citizen in 1971 and became involved with the Democratic Party, creating a fund-raising system—a political action committee—named "Democrats for the 80s", later "Democrats for the 90s", and nicknamed "PamPAC". In 1980, the National Women's Democratic Club named her "Woman of the Year". U.S. President Bill Clinton appointed her United States Ambassador to France in 1993. The Dayton Agreement was signed in Paris in 1995 while she served as ambassador.[4]

        External video
        Memorial service for Pamela Harriman at National Cathedral, Washington, D.C., February 13, 1997, C-SPAN

        Pamela Harriman died on 5 February 1997[12] at the American Hospital, Neuilly-sur-Seine, after suffering a cerebral haemorrhage while swimming at the Paris Ritz one day earlier. The morning after her death, President Jacques Chirac of France placed the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur on her flag-draped coffin. She was the first female foreign diplomat to receive this honour.[13] Clinton, in further recognition of her contributions and significance, dispatched Air Force One to return her body to the US and spoke at her funeral at the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., mentioning her public service in glowing terms.[4]

        Harriman was buried 14 February 1997 at Arden, the former Harriman estate in New York.[2]

        Her life story has been the subject of several films and novels, including:

        • The 1996 novel Absolute Power tells the tale of a fictional woman named Christy Sullivan, married to a much older W. Sullivan (a striking similarity to the name W. Averell Harriman perhaps), whose extramarital liaison with the President ends in her murder.[14][15][16]
        • The 1998 TV movie The Life of the Party: The Pamela Harriman Story, a documentary film, with Ann-Margret in the title role.[17]
        • The 2000 biography of Madeleine Albright, Pamela Harriman is cited in contrast to Albright, as a socialite who slept her way to the top.[18]
        • The 2015 two-character play, Swimming at The Ritz by Charles Leipart, Pamela Harriman, in need of $40 million to settle a family lawsuit, regales the audience with tales from her past. She and a hotel valet wait in a Paris Ritz suite for appraisers from Christie's who are preparing to auction her possessions.[19]
        • 2020 book about Winston Churchill during The Blitz, "The Splendid and the Vile" by Erik Larson, details Pamela's married life with Randolph Churchill, with whom she had Winston Churchill's namesake grandson, Winston Spencer-Churchill. The book details the devastating toll Randolph's compulsive gambling took on their marriage and concludes with her love affair with Averell Harriman along with their eventual marriage decades later.

        Arms
        Coat of arms of Pamela Harriman
        Notes
        These arms she bore by her father, the 11th Baron Digby. She bore them on a lozenge as she was divorced.
        Escutcheon
        Azure a Fleur-de-lys Argent.
        Motto
        DEO NON FORTUNA
        (Latin: BY GOD, NOT BY CHANCE)

        Ancestry

        See also

        References
        Notes
        1. Purnell, Sonia (October 27, 2015). Clementine: The Life of Mrs. Winston Churchill. Penguin. p. 253. ISBN 9780698408203.
        2. Apple Jr, R. W. (February 20, 1997). "Pamela Harriman Estate Bequeathed to Churchills". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        3. "Tucker Carlson, "The Hall of Lame," Forbes magazine, March 8, 1999". Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
        4. Berger, Marilyn (February 6, 1997). "Pamela Harriman Is Dead at 76; An Ardent Political Personality". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        5. Purnell, Sonia (October 27, 2015). Clementine: The Life of Mrs. Winston Churchill. Penguin. p. 110. ISBN 9780698408203.
        6. Bedell Smith S (1996). Reflected Glory: The Life of Pamela Churchill Harriman. Simon and Schuster.
        7. Divathesite Archived 2006-11-06 at Archive.today
        8. Gross, Michael (February 16, 1997). "'Basically, I'm a Backroom Girl': Of Lovers, Husbands, Wealth and Power". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
          • Hastings, Max. Finest Years: Churchill as Warlord, 1940–45. London, HarperPress, 2009, p. 510. ISBN 978-0-00-726367-7
        10. From icqurimage Archived 2006-03-19 at the Wayback Machine
        11. Hoffman, Jan (September 17, 1994). "Heirs Sue Harriman's Widow, Saying She Squandered Trust Funds". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        12. "Paid Notice: Deaths HARRIMAN, PAMELA". The New York Times. February 7, 1997. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        13. Whitney, Craig R. (February 9, 1997). "In Final Adieu, France Gives Pamela Harriman Top Honor". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        14. "Fiction Book Review: Absolute Power by David Baldacci, Author Warner Books Inc $32 (480p) ISBN 978-0-446-51996-0". Publishers Weekly. January 15, 1996. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        15. "Book Reviews, Bestselling Books & Publishing Business News | Publishers Weekly". PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        16. Spoto, Donald (May 12, 1996). "Mariana Cook". The Indianapolis Star. p. 58. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        17. "Life of the Party: The Pamela Harriman Story (1998) - Overview - TCM.com". tcm.com. Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        18. Dobbs, Michael (March 15, 2000). Madeleine Albright: A Twentieth-Century Odyssey. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 7. ISBN 9780805056600. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        19. Lustig, Jay (January 15, 2015). "'Swimming at the Ritz' at NJ Rep: reflections on a one-of-a-kind life". Institute for Nonprofit News. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
        Sources
        Diplomatic posts
        Preceded by
        Walter J. P. Curley        		 U.S. Ambassador to France
        1993–1997        		 Succeeded by
        Felix G. Rohatyn
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