Sarah, Duchess of York

Sarah Margaret Ferguson was born on 15 October 1959 at London Welbeck Hospital. She is the second daughter of Major Ronald Ferguson (1931–2003) and his first wife, Susan (née Wright; 1937–1998).[2] After Sarah's parents divorced in 1974, her mother married polo player Héctor Barrantes in 1975[3] and moved to Trenque Lauquen in the Argentine pampas. Sarah stayed at the 480-acre (1.9 km²) Dummer Down Farm at Dummer, Hampshire, her father's home since age 8.[4][5] Major Ferguson married Susan Deptford in 1976 and had three more children: Andrew, Alice, and Elizabeth. Sarah later mentioned that at the age of 12, when her parents' marriage started to fall apart, she developed an eating disorder and "turned to overeating for comfort".[6]

Known informally as "Fergie", Sarah once described her family as "country gentry with a bit of old money". She is a descendant of King Charles II of England via three of his illegitimate children: Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth,[7] and Anne Lennard, Countess of Sussex.[8][9][10][11] She has aristocratic ancestry, being the great great-granddaughter of the 6th Duke of Buccleuch, a great-granddaughter of the 8th Viscount Powerscourt and a descendant of the 1st Duke of Abercorn and of the 4th Duke of Devonshire.[5][12] Sarah and her former husband, Andrew, are distantly related, as they are both descended from the Duke of Devonshire as well as King James VI and I.[5]

Sarah attended Daneshill School, Stratfield Turgis. The staff of the school described her as a "courageous, bubbly and outgoing little girl".[5] She then attended Hurst Lodge School in Ascot.[13] She did not shine academically but showed talent in swimming and tennis.[5] At a young age, she developed an interest in skiing and later briefly worked as a chalet girl.[14] After finishing a course at Queen's Secretarial College at the age of eighteen,[15] Sarah went to work for an art gallery.[5] Later she worked in two public relations firms in London, and then for a publishing company.[5] During her youth she dated Kim Smith-Bingham, a stockbroker, and Paddy McNally, a motor racing manager 22 years her senior.[5][16]

The Duke and Duchess of York on their wedding day

On 19 March 1986, Prince Andrew (fourth in line to the throne at the time) and Sarah Ferguson announced their engagement.[17] Prince Andrew had known Ferguson since childhood, and they had met occasionally at polo matches, and became re-acquainted with each other at Royal Ascot in 1985.[5][18] Also prior to their engagement, Ferguson had accompanied Diana, Princess of Wales, during her official tour of Andrew's ship HMS Brazen.[5][7] Prince Andrew designed the engagement ring himself. It consisted of ten diamonds surrounding a Burmese ruby. He chose the Burmese ruby to complement Sarah's red hair.[19] With her fun spirit and friendly approach she was initially considered to be a good addition to the royal family.[5][7]

After securing the Queen's permission (which, at that time, was required by the Royal Marriages Act 1772, for all descendants of King George III), Andrew and Sarah were married in Westminster Abbey on 23 July 1986. The Queen bestowed the title Duke of York upon Prince Andrew, and, as his new wife, Sarah automatically assumed her husband's royal and ducal status and became Her Royal Highness The Duchess of York. As Duchess of York, Sarah joined her husband in carrying out royal engagements, including official overseas visits.

Andrew and Sarah in Townsville, 1988

In 1987, the Duke and Duchess of York undertook a 25-day tour of Canada.[20] In February 1987, Sarah got a private pilot's license and, after passing a 40-hour training course that was paid for by Lord Hanson as a wedding gift, she was presented with her wings at RAF Benson in December.[21][22] On 22 January 1988, during the trip to New York to attend a fundraising event, the Duchess was attacked by a young man at the entrance of her hotel.[23] The man, who was screaming "murderers 3/8" and had the Irish Republican Army flag in his hands when he rushed at Sarah, was "charged with attempted assault on the Duchess and assault on a federal agent".[23] Later a State Department press officer stated that "she was unharmed in the incident".[23] In March 1988, the Duke and Duchess of York visited California.[24] The trip was described by two British newspapers as a "brash, vulgar, excessive, weak-humored exhibition by two royals".[24] The couple were defended by city officials of Los Angeles who stated that the criticism was "awful" and offending, and observers described the Duke and his wife's behaviour as friendly, and said that they fulfilled their duties.[24] In May 1989, Sarah went on an official solo trip to Berlin.[25]

The couple became parents on 8 August 1988, with the birth of their daughter, Beatrice. The Duchess suffered from high blood pressure and excessive water retention during her pregnancy.[26] In September, Sarah joined her husband in Australia for an official visit. Her decision to leave her newborn daughter at home in the UK while she was touring the country brought criticism from the press and media.[27] Their second child, another daughter, Eugenie, was born on 23 March 1990 by caesarean section.[28][29] During her marriage, the tabloid press ridiculed the Duchess after her weight climbed to 15 stone 10 pounds (100 kg) (220 lbs) labelling her unflatteringly as the "Duchess of Pork" and "Fat Fergie".[30][26] Sarah later discussed the negative effect of the press stories about her weight on her self-esteem and added that they made her eating disorder worse.[6]

Separation and divorce

Biographer Sarah Bradford argued in her book that Sarah was unable to deal with her husband's duties as a naval officer which required him to stay away from home for long periods.[31] According to Sarah's account, the couple saw each other 40 days a year in the first five years of their marriage.[32] By 1991, the marriage was in trouble, and the couple had drifted apart. Her friendship with Texan multimillionaire Steve Wyatt gained much publicity when they were photographed together.[33] The Duke and Duchess of York announced their separation on 19 March 1992.[34] Following the separation, the palace announced that the Duchess would no longer carry out public engagements on behalf of the Queen.[34] Furthermore, the Queen announced in a statement that she would not take responsibility for Sarah's debts.[31] The Duchess also separated her residence from her husband and moved to Romenda Lodge in 1992.[35]

The Duchess of York at the Royal Welsh Show, 1991

In August 1992, the British tabloid Daily Mirror published surreptitiously taken photographs of John Bryan, an American financial manager, sucking on the Duchess's toes as she sunbathed topless.[36] The Duchess endured widespread public ridicule, contributing to her further estrangement from the British royal family.[37] In 1995, Prince Andrew's aunt Princess Margaret, who had received a bouquet of flowers sent by Sarah, reportedly wrote in a letter to the Duchess: "You have done more to bring shame on the family than could ever have been imagined".[38]

After four years of official separation, the Duke and Duchess announced the mutual decision to divorce in 1996. In the years after her divorce, the Duchess claimed that she had received £15,000 a year as a divorce settlement and cited her deal as a spokeswoman with Weight Watchers as her main "source of income".[38][39][40] However, subsequent information given by senior officials to The Sunday Telegraph revealed that Sarah had received a lump sum settlement of £3 million.[41][42] The couple shared the custody of their children.[42] In a 2007 interview, as to why they finalised their divorce she said, "I wanted to work; it's not right for a princess of the royal house to be commercial, so Andrew and I decided to make the divorce official so I could go off and get a job."[43]

The decree nisi was granted on 17 April 1996 and the divorce was finalised on 30 May 1996,[44][45] after which she legally retained the style Her Royal Highness with the style of other divorced peeresses, eliminating the preface "The" before "Duchess of York". However, it was announced in April that Sarah had chosen not to use the style Her Royal Highness and would relinquish it under the divorce terms.[44] In accordance with letters patent issued in August 1996 regulating post-divorce royal titles, Sarah formally ceased being a Royal Highness, as she was no longer married to the Duke of York.[46] Her current name, thus, is Sarah, Duchess of York.[31] Should she marry again, Sarah would lose the use of the style of "Duchess of York" (unless she would remarry Prince Andrew).

Since the divorce, Sarah still attends some functions with her daughters, such as the investitures of the Duke of York into the Royal Victorian Order and the Order of the Garter, and Royal Ascot, on those occasions she is afforded the courtesy of treatment as a member of the royal family.[47] The Lord Chamberlain's Diamond Jubilee Guidelines mention the Duchess specifically as being a member of the royal family.[48][49] Sarah even hinted at the idea of remarrying Andrew in several interviews.[50] In August 2013, Sarah was invited to stay at Balmoral Castle with Prince Andrew and their daughters as guests of the Queen, and in September 2013, in response to a question about the possibility of remarrying Andrew, Sarah said, "He's still my handsome prince, he'll always be my handsome prince."[51][52]

She was not invited to the 1999 wedding of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones as well as the 2011 wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton,[53][54][55] but she attended the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle in 2018. However, she did not receive an invitation to the evening reception at Frogmore House hosted by Prince Charles, and was reportedly "deeply upset" by her exclusion.[56]

Sarah at a 1997 Weight Watchers event

After the divorce, the British tabloids became critical of Sarah's lifestyle. In 1995, a baggage handler at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City pleaded guilty to stealing her $382,000 diamond necklace and bracelet.[57][58] The Duchess's commercial interests have included an eleven-year endorsement with Weight Watchers, product development and promotion with Wedgwood and Avon.[59]

Until 2004, the Duke of York and his former wife shared the family's home, Sunninghill Park in Berkshire.[60] That year, the Duke moved to the refurbished Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park, previously the home of his grandmother, who resided there until her death in 2002. In 2007, the Duchess rented the neighbouring Dolphin House; a fire at Dolphin House in 2008 caused her to vacate the premises and move into Royal Lodge with her former husband.[61][62]

In 2009, Sarah participated in a much-criticised ITV "experiment"[63] in which she joined families in a council estate to advise them on proper living. She stayed for ten days in Northern Moor, a suburb area in Wythenshawe, Manchester, England, and the result was The Duchess on the Estate, transmitted on ITV1 on 18 August 2009. A previous, similar television venture, The Duchess in Hull, in which Sarah advised lower-income families on diet and behaviour, received similar criticism.[64]

Sarah and her daughters in Verbier, 2004

In 2015, the Duchess assumed residence in Verbier, Switzerland, where she and the Duke of York own a £13 million chalet.[62] She applied for Swiss residency in 2016.[65] Sarah also maintains a rented apartment in Eaton Square in London and a room at Royal Lodge.[62][66]

In April 2016, Sarah was named in the Panama Papers.[67]

Since her marriage to Prince Andrew, and continuing after the divorce, Sarah has been involved with a number of charities.

In 1990, the Duchess became patron of the Teenage Cancer Trust. Sarah has since opened most of the charity's various units, including those at Middlesex Hospital, University College London, St James's University Hospital, Cardiff University Hospital and Royal Marsden Hospital.[90] The Duchess began her work with people suffering from motor neurone disease in the 1990s. In her capacity as patron of the Motor Neurone Disease Association, she promoted fundraising campaigns for research about the disease and later became president of the International Alliance for ALS.[91][92] To help and support those affected by drug misuse, she joined therapy sessions at the Chemical Dependency Center and was later made their patron.[92] In 1993, the Duchess founded Children in Crisis, a children's charity focused on education and grant making to international programmes. The Duchess serves as founder and life president.[93] She founded the charity after meeting a young cancer victim named Anya during her visit to Poland in 1992.[94]

In December 1994, the Duchess went to the US to take part in a fundraising event for Peace Links, and launch her own charity, Chances for Children, in the US.[95] Her decision to launch a fundraising event for her charity in the US was criticised by the British press, who claimed that through her Budgie the Little Helicopter series she was "expected to earn 400 million pounds over the next five years, with 3 million pounds a year going into her royal pocket" despite her promise to donate part of her earnings to charity.[95] The claims were denied by Sarah's representative,[95] and she later responded to the criticism by saying, "What you all must understand is that the Budgie books were produced in 1987. That's when I gave a large percentage to charity. ... And maybe after costs, after the animation is made, after everything else and the popcorn and everything else, then perhaps in five to ten years, maybe I might receive a little bit of my percentage, and that I hope will be at that time going back into Chances for Children".[92] "Little Red", the doll that was used as a logo for her American charity, later inspired her to write a series of books named after the doll. The proceeds from selling the doll also went to Chances for Children.[96]

Sarah, Duchess of York, and Dr. Vivian Pinn, NIH associate director for women's health, at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States, June 1998

In June 1998, the Duchess made a brief trip to Bethesda to receive an award from the Journal of Women's Health.[97] She also visited the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center.[97] NIH associate director for communications said, "The Duchess has many opportunities to talk to women via television, at lectures and through print media interviews" and was interested "in learning from NIH scientists what major health messages she should deliver to women, based on the research conducted through NIH."[97] The panelists briefed Sarah on medical research topics and major health messages regarding women. Information was shared on the Women's Health Initiative, obesity, breast cancer, and osteoporosis.[97] Sarah, whose elder daughter Beatrice was diagnosed with dyslexia at the age of seven, became a patron of Springboard for Children, a charity that helps students who struggle with reading and writing.[98] Sarah has also described herself as "a little bit dyslexic".[98]

In 2003, the Duchess joined the American Cancer Society at a congressional briefing. Sarah, Duchess of York, was a founding supporter of the American Cancer Society's Great American Weigh In,[99] an annual campaign (modelled after the Society's Great American Smoke Out) aimed at raising awareness of the link between excess weight and cancer. In 2004, Sarah was named the official spokesperson of SOS Children's Villages – USA and in 2005 she became a global ambassador for Ronald McDonald House Charities.[100][101] In 2006, the Duchess established The Sarah Ferguson Foundation[102] based in Toronto, which derives funds from Sarah's commercial work and private donations with the aim of supporting charities internationally that serve children and families in dire need. Included under this umbrella organisation is her patronage and support of several British charities, including Mental Disability Rights International, the African-Caribbean Leukaemia Trust, Tommy's, the Motor Neurone Disease Association, and CARE International.[103] In 2009, it was reported that despite its income of £250,000 over 18 months, the foundation had spent only £14,200 on grants, £6,300 of which was given to the charitable arm of a South African private game reserve owned by Sir Richard Branson, a friend of Sarah's. Following the report, the foundation released a list that showed they spent around $400,000 on donations in 2008.[69]

Sarah, Duchess of York, with Heather Melville and Marcis Skadmanis in Lancaster House, London, June 2017

In 2008, the Duchess became patron of Humanitas, a charity focused on providing children with education, healthcare and family support.[104] In 2010, the Duchess became a supporter of the Mullany Fund,[105] whose aim is to support British students wishing to study medicine or physiotherapy. In 2011, the Duchess became the global ambassador for Not For Sale, a charity focused on human slavery.[106] In 2013, the Duchess, along with her former husband, the Duke of York and their daughters, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie, founded Key To Freedom, a business structure for women in vulnerable situations in India who can sell their wares through the British retailer Topshop. In 2014, the Duchess was appointed an ambassador for the Institute of Global Health Innovation at Imperial College London.[107][108] In 2015, the Duchess revealed her connection with India and polo when she attended as a chief guest of HVR Baroda Cup in New Delhi under the invitation of Harshavardhan Reddy, chairman of HVR Sports.[109]

In 2016, the Duchess collaborated with British contemporary artist Teddy M and her daughters, Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie, to create the first ever Royal graffiti. The painting, titled Royal Love, was painted on the lawn of Royal Lodge and features graffiti by the Duchess and Princesses. The painting was exhibited in London at the Masterpiece Art Fair, Chelsea in June/July 2016 and later auctioned at private dinner for a five figure sum. The proceeds from the sale of the painting were donated to the charity, Children in Crisis. British GQ magazine published an exclusive on the creation of the painting.[110] In 2017, Sarah was joined by her daughter Eugenie to mark the second anniversary of the Teenage Cancer Trust unit at Alder Hey Children's Hospital.[111]

On the 25th anniversary of Children in Crisis's foundation in 2018, Sarah said that working with this charity "gave her a sense of perspective and purpose during tough times".[112] The Duchess merged her charity foundation with Street Child, an organisation run by Tom Dannatt in Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Sierra Leone, of which Sarah has become a patron,[112] and her daughters, Beatrice and Eugenie, are the ambassadors.[94]

In June 2019, Sarah became the patron of Natasha Allergy Research Foundation, an organisation founded in honour of Natasha Ednan-Laperouse, who died in 2016 due to an allergic reaction after consuming a sandwich. The Duchess, whose own paternal uncle died following an allergic reaction, was asked by Ednan-Laperouse's parents to become their charity's patron. The organisation is working on a bill called "Natasha's Law", which "requires all food businesses in England and Northern Ireland to list every ingredient in their pre-packaged foods".[113] Later in July, she became an ambassador for the technology infrastructure company Pegasus Group Holdings. The Duchess was chosen to initiate "the company's philanthropic endeavors" as they develop an "off-grid renewable energy data center".[114]

In June 2020, Sarah launched her new charitable foundation called Sarah's Trust. The charity has provided aid for NHS, care home and hospice staff by delivering more than 150,000 items, including food, masks, scrubs, and toiletries.[115] Organisations such as Under One Sky and NOAH Enterprise have helped the foundation by giving sleeping bags to homeless people in the UK. Essentials and supplies have also been sent to Ghana.[116]

Sarah, Duchess of York, at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival

In May 2004, Sarah hosted an eleven-minute production featurette on Universal's DVD Peter Pan, titled The Legacy of Pan. Five months later, Walt Disney Feature Animation released a special DVD The Cat That Looked at a King, with Sarah's voice in the role of the Queen; the story is derived from the Mary Poppins books by P. L. Travers. Sarah also made a cameo in the American television sitcom Friends in 1998.

Sarah had a producing role (credited as "Sarah Ferguson") in the 2009 Jean-Marc Vallée film The Young Victoria, starring Emily Blunt and featured a background player role for Sarah's daughter Princess Beatrice.[117][118]

It was Sarah who conceived the idea for a film based upon the early years of Queen Victoria. She had been interested in the queen since her marriage to Prince Andrew, and had written two books about her with the help of a historian. The Victoria-Albert relationship in particular drew her into the queen's history, as she believed there were parallels between their marriage and her own with Prince Andrew, as they both "fought for their love" in the midst of public scrutiny.[117]

In 2019, Sarah revealed that she was producing a documentary about Prince Albert's mother Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. The documentary will focus on her life, particularly her separation from her husband Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.[119]

• In the United Kingdom:
  • She participated in the programme The Grand Knockout Tournament, informally known as It's a Royal Knockout, on 15 June 1987, in which four teams sponsored by her, the Duke of York, the Princess Royal, and Prince Edward competed for charity. The programme was criticised by the media and the public, and it was later reported that the Queen was not in favour of the event, with her courtiers having advised against it.[120]
  • Regular contributor to BBC Radio 2's primetime lifestyle show Steve Wright.[121]
  • Previously co-produced and served as presenter in a documentary for BBC television called In Search of the Spirit.[122]
  • Travelled to Romania and Turkey for the documentary, Duchess and Daughters: Their Secret Mission, shown on ITV1 on 6 November 2008, investigating poor treatment and conditions in children's institutions in those two countries.[123]
  • 18 August 2009 – The Duchess on the Estate, ITV1 (about Northern Moor, Manchester).[124] Her report on a suburb area in Manchester caused criticism for exaggerating crime in the area.[69]
• In the United States:
  • Substitute host for CNN's Larry King Live.[125]
  • In May 1998, Sarah appeared as herself in the fourth-season finale[126] of the television show Friends.
  • Appeared on mini-series on OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network, Finding Sarah, in June 2011. Talks about her struggles through life with family and finances.[127]
• On online platforms:
  • In April 2020, Sarah launched a new series on YouTube, called Storytime with Fergie and Friends, in which she and a number of authors, including Nanette Newman and Imogen Edwards-Jones, read stories to children from their homes during the lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[128]

• The rose cultivar Rosa 'Duchess of York' was named in her honour in 1994.[129]
• The 2006 title of R&B/Hip Hop singer Stacy "Fergie" Ferguson's debut solo album, The Dutchess (dutchess is a variant spelling of duchess dating to the 17th century[130]) was a reference to the fact that the two are associated with the same surname. According to various media outlets, the Duchess of York called Fergie after the release of her album and remarked: "Fergie, it's Fergie... Now that you've done this, you have to sing at a concert for my foundation, 'Children in Crisis'."[131] Fergie agreed and committed to charity concerts in London and New York City.
• In February 2007, Sarah was named Mother of the Year by the American Cancer Society.[132]
• Since 2016, a fictional version of her has been portrayed by Katy Wix in the British sitcom The Windsors.[133]
• In June 2018, she received the Humanitarian Award at the Filming Italy Sardegna Festival for her work with Children in Crisis.[134]
• In June 2019, she received the Inspiration of the Year Award at Hello!'s Star Women Awards for her work with charity organisations, including Street Child.[135]
• In 2020, Sarah was portrayed briefly by English actress Jessica Aquilina in the fourth season of Netflix's The Crown.[136]

• Budgie the Little Helicopter books and 1994 animated children's television series:
  • 1989, Budgie the Little Helicopter ISBN 978-0671676834
  • 1989, Budgie at Bendick's Point ISBN 978-0689808494
  • 1991, Budgie and the Blizzard
  • 1992, The Adventures of Budgie ISBN 978-0671792497
  • 1995, Budgie Books – S and S USA ISBN 978-0750096638
  • 1996, Budgie Goes to Sea ISBN 978-0689808500
• For young girls:
  • 1997, The Royal Switch ISBN 978-0440412137
  • 1997, Bright Lights ISBN 978-0440412168
• Lifestyle books with Weight Watchers:
  • 1998, Dieting with The Duchess ISBN 978-0684857459
  • 1999, Dining with The Duchess ISBN 978-0684852164
  • 2000, Win the Weight Game ISBN 978-0684870786
  • 2001, Reinventing Yourself with the Duchess of York ISBN 978-1439146194
  • 2002, Energy Breakthrough: Jump-start Your Weight Loss and Feel Great ISBN 978-0743232869
• Little Red series:
  • 2003, Little Red ISBN 978-1416918530
  • 2004, Little Red's Christmas Story ISBN 978-1442430761
  • 2006, Little Red's Summer Adventure ISBN 978-0689875717
  • 2009, Little Red to the Rescue ISBN 978-0689875656
  • 2009, Little Red's Autumn Adventure ISBN 978-0689843419
• Helping Hand Books:
  • 2007, Get Well Soon, Adam ISBN 978-1402774010
  • 2007, Lauren's Moving Day ISBN 978-1402773983
  • 2007, Healthy Food for Dylan ISBN 978-1402774003
  • 2010, Ashley Learns about Strangers ISBN 978-1402773938
  • 2010, Emily's First Day of School ISBN 978-1402773921
  • 2010, Michael and His New Baby Brother ISBN 978-1402773907
  • 2010, Matthew and the Bullies, ISBN 978-1402773914
  • 2011, When Katie's Parents Separated ISBN 978-1402773952
  • 2011, Zach Gets Some Exercise ISBN 978-1402773990
  • 2011, Jacob Goes to the Doctor and Sophie Visits the Dentist ISBN 978-1402773969
  • 2011, Molly Makes Friends ISBN 978-1402773976
  • 2011, Olivia Says Goodbye to Grandpa ISBN 978-1402773945
• About Queen Victoria:
  • 1991, Victoria and Albert: A Family Life at Osborne House ISBN 978-0139508820
  • 1993, Travels with Queen Victoria ISBN 978-0297831952
• Autobiographies and memoirs:
  • 1997, My Story ISBN 978-0671004392
  • 2011, Finding Sarah: A Duchess's Journey to Find Herself ISBN 978-1439189559
• 1988, A Guard Within ISBN 978-0394758343
• 1989, Skiing from the Inside: The Self-help Guide to Mastering the Slopes ISBN 978-0671697112
• 2003, What I Know Now: Simple Lessons Learned the Hard Way ISBN 978-1416578413
• 2003, Moments. The Duchess published a collection of her photographs in an art book, sold only in Britain, with all proceeds benefiting her UK-based charity, Children in Crisis.
• 2008, Tea for Ruby ISBN 978-1442426337
• 2008, Hartmoor, ISBN 978-1405054126
• 2012, Ballerina Rosie ISBN 978-1442430679

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarah, Duchess of York.

• "Sarah Ferguson". Biography.
• Sarah, Duchess of York at IMDb

Essays

• York, Duchess of, Sarah (11 February 2019). "#HelloToKindness: Duchess of York writes heartfelt open letter about 'sewer' of social media". Hello!.