Pan American Games sports

The Pan American Games sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer Olympic Games.[1] In addition, traditional and popular sports throughout the Americas which are not contested at the Olympic Games are also contested such as bowling and baseball.[1] As of 2015, the Pan American Games included 36 sports with 51 disciplines and 364 events.[2] The number and kinds of events may change slightly from one Pan American Games to another.

The Racquetball competition held during the Toronto 2015 Pan American Games, one of the non-Olympic sports played on the sports program.

Sports, disciplines, events

For purposes of Pan American Games competition, the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) makes a distinction between sports and disciplines. A sport, in Pan American Games terms, is a single or group of disciplines as represented by an international governing body, namely an International Federation. For example, aquatics, represented at the Olympic level by the International Swimming Federation, is a sport at the Pan American Games that includes the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water polo disciplines.

Every Summer Olympic discipline is currently on the Pan American Games program. The last such discipline to be added was canoe slalom, which made its debut in 2015 in Toronto, Canada.[1] The discipline had been scheduled to be held at both the 2007 and 2011 Pan American Games, but had been dropped both times due to the small number of competing countries.[3] The Games also include some disciplines which have never been contested at a Summer Olympics. Examples can be found in baseball and softball, now considered a single Pan Am Games sport due to sharing a single international federation. Both were last contested in the Olympics in 2008 and will return in 2020, but baseball has been strictly for men and softball for women. In the Pan Am Games, men's softball has been on the program on several occasions, most recently in 2015; women's baseball made its debut in 2015.

Medals are awarded on a per-event basis; there can be one or more events per sport or discipline.[4] In fact, every current Pan American Games discipline has at least two events.

Changes
Futsal was dropped after being played at only one Games.

The Pan American Games charter establishes that they comprise the program of the Games, the 28 compulsory sports of the program of the Olympic Games plus seven sports recognized by the entity, due to its popularity in the American continent, if a new sport becomes Olympic it is automatically added to the program of the Pan American Games. This only happens, if the number of national federations in the Americas is sufficient [5].In the same way that it happens in the Universiade, the Organizing Committee of the each edition can request the inclusion of new sports or disciplines,respecting the local demands[6] .An example of this is the removal of the Basque pelota in the program of the Games of 2007 and 2015 and its replacement respectively by futsal.[7] and the woman's baseball tournament.[8]

Until the 2011 Games in Guadalajara, just one olympic event was never held, the canoe slalom. The event was planned to be held in the 2007 and 2011 editions, but was eventually canceled due to the low number of entries. Thus, the event was held for the first time at the 2015 Games.[9]

Previous Pan American Games have included sports which are no longer present on the current program, like futsal and polo.[4]

The International Olympic Committee voted on October 9, 2009, during the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, to elevate both rugby sevens and golf as official Olympic sports and to include them in the Olympics, beginning with the 2016 Olympic Games.[10][11] With this development, rugby sevens made its debut at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara,[12] and golf was played at the 2015 Pan American Games before becoming an Olympic sport.[1] In 2015, as a result of a request from the organizing committee, PASO decided to include surfing in the 2019 Pan American Games program. The following year, a few days before the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics, surfing was integrated to the 2020 Summer Olympics program.[13]

Current Pan American Games program

The following sports (or disciplines of a sport) make up the current Pan American Games official program and are listed alphabetically according to the name used by PASO. The figures in each cell indicate the number of events for each sport contested at the respective Games; a bullet (•) denotes that the sport/discipline was scheduled to be competed, but was dropped due to a lack of entries.

Eight of the 36 sports (Aquatics, Canoeing, Cycling, Football, Gymnastics, Volleyball, Equestrian) consist of multiple disciplines. Disciplines from the same sport are grouped under the same heading:

For equestrian and wrestling, the figures in each cell indicate the number of events for each sport, and not for each discipline separately.

Multiple new sports and events were added to the next edition of the games in 2019. The new sports are bodybuilding and surfing.[14][15]

The following sports have been contested at the Pan American Games:[16]

Sport (Discipline) Body 51 55 59 63 67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 03 07 11 15 19 21 (Jr)
 
Artistic swimming FINA 3333333333222222 4
Diving 4444444444664888810 7
Open water swimming 2222
Swimming 212121213030303030323232323232323234 36
Water polo 111111111111222222
 
Canoe/kayak (sprint) ICF 121313121212121312 12
Canoe/kayak (slalom) ••56
 
Figure skating WS 3466422222 2
Speed skating 12121323644666 8
Skateboarding 2
 
BMX UCI 2224 2
Mountain biking 2222222 2
Road cycling 322222222344444444 4
Track cycling 533344445778121210101012 12
 
Artistic FIG 81218141414141414141414141414141414 14
Rhythmic 577268888 8
Trampoline 2222 4
 
Volleyball (beach) FIVB 222222 2
Volleyball (indoor) 22222222222222222 2
 
Dressage FEI 656666644646646666
Eventing
Jumping
 
Freestyle UWW 8888810202020202020161818181818 12
Greco-Roman 6
 
Basketball FIBA122222222222222224
3x3 basketball 23
Archery WA 41241212444448 8
Athletics IAAF 332932333537373940484344474647474748 45
Badminton BWF 5555555 3
Baseball WBSC 111111111111111121
Basque pelotaFIPV 1261010
Bodybuilding IFBB 2
Bowling WTBA Demo
[17]		48444444 4
Boxing AIBA 81010101011111112121212121111131315 13
Fencing FIE 77888888881010101010121212 6
Field hockey FIH 11111222222222
Football FIFA 111111111111222222
Golf IGF 33
Handball IHF 212222222 2
Judo IJF 466816161818141414141414 15
Karate WKF 101199101014 10
Modern pentathlon UIPM 2222111222225 3
Racquetball IRF 644666
Rowing FISA 7777778810152021141413141414 10
Rugby sevens WR 122
Sailing ISAF 276434586911108991010 4
Shooting ISSF 141621121010141432223436151715151515 6
Softball WBSC 22222221122
Squash WSF 4444667 6
Surfing ISA 8
Table tennis ITTF 77777664447 7
Taekwondo WTF 88168888812 8
Tennis ITF 55555555566444555 5
Triathlon ITU 2222223 3
Water skiing IWWF 66679910
Weightlifting IWF 57777991010101010151515151514 14
 
Total events 140146166160169164190249249296331408330338331361364423 330

Discontinued sports

The following sports were previously part of the Pan American Games program as official sports, but are no longer on the current program.

Sport 51 55 59 63 67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 03 07 11 15
Futsal 1
Inline hockey 11
Polo 1
Roller hockey 1111
Sambo 20
 
Total events 1120111111

Winter sports
Sport 90
Alpine skiing 6

References
  1. "About the Games". Toronto Organizing Committee for the 2015 Pan and Parapan American Games. Archived from the original on 2011-09-03. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  2. "Sports Program". COPAG. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  3. Pan American Canoe Slalom Championships - 2011 ICF Ranking Event
  4. "Olympic Sports, Disciplines & Events". HickokSports.com. February 4, 2005. Archived from the original on April 18, 2007. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
  5. Butler, Nick (17 November 2016). "Bodybuilding added to Lima 2019 programme as agreement signed for event to be shown outside Americas". Insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  6. "Qualification System manual" (PDF). www.panamsports.org/. Pan American Sports Organization. 25 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  7. Futsal, karate and bowling among sports included in 2007 Pan Am Games in Rio
  8. "2015 Pan Am Games to include women's baseball". baseball.ca/. Baseball Canada. February 11, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  9. Pan American Canoe Slalom Championships - 2011 ICF Ranking Event
  10. "Golf & rugby voted into Olympics". BBC. October 9, 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
  11. Wilson, Stephen (August 13, 2009). "Golf, rugby backed by IOC board for 2016 Games". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
  12. "Rugby Included in 2011 Pan American Games". Bahamas Rugby. November 7, 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
  13. "ISA WELCOMES THE ADDITION OF SURFING TO THE 2019 PAN AMERICAN GAMES SPORTS PROGRAMME". International Surfing Association. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  14. Butler, Nick (7 July 2015). "Surfing added to Lima 2019 Pan American Games programme". Insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  15. Butler, Nick (17 November 2016). "Bodybuilding added to Lima 2019 programme as agreement signed for event to be shown outside Americas". Insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  16. Pan American Games events Archived 2011-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
  17. Grasso, John; Hartman, Eric R. (2014). Historical Dictionary of Bowling. Lanhan, MD USA: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 441. ISBN 978-0-8108-8021-4. In 1951 the Pan American Games, a quadrennial multiple sports competition for Western Hemisphere countries, was inaugurated. Tenpin bowling was added to the official program in 1991. In 1983 it was contested as a demonstration sport.
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