Paris-Saclay University

In 2019, the Paris-Saclay University succeeded to University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) founded in 1971,[10] which itself succeeded to University of Paris founded c. 1150.

After World War II, the rapid growth of nuclear physics and chemistry meant that research needed more and more powerful accelerators, which required large areas. The University of Paris, the École Normale Supérieure and the Collège de France looked for space in the south of Paris near Orsay. Later some of the teaching activity of the Faculty of Sciences in Paris was transferred to Orsay in 1956 at the request of Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie. The rapid increase of students led to the independence of the Orsay Center on March 1, 1965. It became the University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) in 1971.

Now it hosts a great number of laboratories on its large (236 ha) campus in Paris-Saclay. Many of the top French laboratories are among them especially in particle physics,[11] nuclear physics,[12][13] astrophysics,[14] atomic physics and molecular physics,[15] condensed matter physics,[16] theoretical physics,[17] electronics, nanoscience and nanotechnology.[18]

The Paris-Saclay University was established in 2015 as a universities community (ComUE) and in 2019 as a university, with the aim to become a top-ranking, research-focused French university. In order to be recognized as an entity of sufficient size and quality, the university regroups some of the top grandes écoles in France with public universities under a single campus on the Saclay plateau. Each member institution will remain independent but share a significant portion of existing and newly invested resources. This follows a model similar to the one adopted by University of Oxford and Cambridge, where each constituent college keeps its independence while being grouped under a 'university'.[5]

The University System's first academic year started in September 2015.[19]

According to Dominique Vernay, chairman of the foundation developing Paris-Saclay, the university aims at a top-ten position in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), but "the first goal is to be the top university in continental Europe".[6]

Furthermore, the university aims to contribute to maximizing the economic and business potential of the Paris-Saclay project through research, via university and research spin-offs, as well as industrial research collaboration with established companies.[20]

In January 2020, it replaced University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) and in 2025, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) and Université d’Évry-Val-d’Essonne (UEVE) will merge with it as well.[21]

In June 2020, Paris-Saclay University ranked 14th in Shanghai Ranking's top 1000 universities in the world, and first worldwide for Mathematics by Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and 9th worldwide for Physics (1st in Europe).[22]

On July 14, 2020, a study by researchers from the Paris-Saclay Medical School on a case of transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection was published in the British journal Nature.[23] The study concerns the case of a pregnant woman, in the last trimester of pregnancy, admitted to Paris-Saclay University Hospital Antoine-Béclère in March 2020.[24]

The Paris-Saclay University comprises 14 institutions (1 undergraduate school, 5 faculties / schools, 4 grandes écoles / graduate schools, 3 university institutes of technology, 7 research centers and 2 associate universities).

It combines resources from the following French universities and grandes écoles, as well as partial resources from various research organizations and the Systematic Paris-Region cluster:[20]

Initially, the community of universities also included five other grandes écoles: École Polytechnique, Télécom Paris, Telecom SudParis, ENSTA Paris and ENSAE Paris. However, due to differences in University set-up, these five schools created their own separate university Polytechnic Institute of Paris. This was announced by French President Emmanuel Macron during a speech in Paris-Saclay.[25] Both of these clusters plan to co-operate and they engage in organization of several master's degrees with the Paris-Saclay University.[26]

Each member school of the Paris-Saclay University organizes training in a given scientific field. Depending on the needs of their registered program, a student enrolled in a particular graduate school will have access to academic resources from other schools.

The various fields of study available at Paris-Saclay University are broadly categorized into the following:

• Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food, Society, Environment (Biodiversité, Agriculture et Alimentation, Société, Environnement) ;
• Biology, Medicine, Pharmaceutical studies (Biologie, Médecine, Pharmacie) ;
• Law, Political Science (Droit et Science Politique) ;
• Humanities (Humanités) ;
• Engineering, Sciences and Information Technologies (Ingénierie, Sciences et Technologies de l’information) ;
• Sport and Human Motion Sciences (Sciences du Sport et du Mouvement Humain) ;
• Basic Sciences (Sciences Fondamentales) ;
• Social Sciences (Sciences Sociales).

The academic programs in each of the 8 schools is expected to follow the Anglo-American model:[29]

• Paris-Saclay Undergraduate School – The Bachelor's program is provided by Paris-Saclay faculties and the 2 public universities within Paris-Saclay, which are Versailles-Saint-Quentin University and University of Évry Val-d'Essonne.
• Paris-Saclay Graduate Schools – Master's degrees are taught in both French and English. Altogether, 49 Master's degree are offered.[30]
• Paris-Saclay Research or Doctoral Schools – PhD programs are offered through 20 doctoral schools.[19] Doctoral degrees received after September 30, 2015 are awarded under the name "Paris-Saclay University", with a mention of the student's associated university or grande école.

The Paris-Saclay University gathers together more than 300 research units, organized into 10 doctoral schools:[31]

• Chemistry (Chimie)
• Electrical engineering, optics and electronics (EOE: Ingénierie électrique, optique et électronique)
• Mathematics (Mathématiques)
• Mechanics, energy and physical processes (MEP: Mécanique, énergétique et procédés)
• Subatomic physics and astrophysics (P2I: Physique des deux infinis)
• Wave and matter physics (PHOM: Physique des ondes et de la matière)
• Planetary science and cosmology (SPU: Sciences de la planète et de l'Univers)
• Life sciences (SDV: Sciences de la Vie)
• Human and social sciences (SHS: Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société)
• Information and communication sciences and technologies (STIC: Sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication).

The Paris-Saclay University has been awarded the 14th world rank in the 2020 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) ranking. It replaces University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) in January 2020 which ranked 37 globally in 2019.[32] The same year it also has been awarded the 32nd world rank in the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR).[33]

In an independent simulation performed by the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) in 2014, the Paris-Saclay University scored 39.8 (or 43.2 if all Research Organizations are counted), ranking the university in the 27th position (resp. 21st).[34] On October 19, 2016, the executive director responsible for the annual update and new development of the ARWU visited the Paris-Saclay cluster.[35]

University Paris-Saclay was included in the 2019 edition of U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking. University Paris-Saclay was ranked 30 globally, 7th in Europe and 1st in France. It was ranked 1st in Europe for physics (5th internationally) and 1st internationally for mathematics.[40]

In the future, the Paris-Saclay cluster is hoped to help France secure a place among the world's top ten universities, and bring French education and research into the limelight.[5]

• Albert Fert – Professor – Nobel in Physics – 2007
• Pierre-Gilles de Gennes – Professor – Nobel in Physics – 1991
• Ngô Bảo Châu – PhD and Professor – Fields Medal – 2010
• Wendelin Werner – Professor – Fields Medal – 2006
• Laurent Lafforgue – PhD and Professor – Fields Medal – 2002
• Maxim Kontsevich – Professor – Fields Medal – 1998
• Jean-Christophe Yoccoz – PhD and Professor – Fields Medal – 1994
• Jean Bourgain – Professor – Fields Medal – 1994
• Alain Connes – Professor – Fields Medal – 1982
• Pierre Deligne – PhD and Professor – Fields Medal – 1978
• Alexandre Grothendieck – Professor – Fields Medal – 1966
• René Thom – Professor – Fields Medal – 1958

• Nobel Prize Ranking
• List of medieval universities
• List of public universities in France by academy
• Paris-Saclay Medical School
• Polytechnic Institute of Paris

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