Particularly vulnerable tribal group

Particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG) (earlier: Primitive tribal group) is a government of India classification created with the purpose of enabling improvement in the conditions of certain communities with particularly low development indices.[1]

A protest walk by Baigas, the Particularly vulnerable tribe of Chhattisgarh.

Origin of the concept

The Dhebar Commission (1960-1961)[2] stated that within Scheduled Tribes there existed an inequality in the rate of development. During the fourth Five Year Plan a sub-category was created within Scheduled Tribes to identify groups that considered to be at a lower level of development. This was created based on the Dhebar Commission report and other studies. This sub-category was named "Primitive tribal group". The features of such a group include a pre-agricultural system of existence, that is practice of hunting and gathering, zero or negative population growth, extremely low level of literacy in comparison with other tribal groups.[3][4]

Groups that satisfied any one of the criterion were considered as PTG. At the conclusion of the Fifth Five year plan, 52 communities were identified as being a "primitive tribal group", these communities were identified on the basis of recommendations made by the respective state governments.[3][4] At the conclusion of the Sixth Five year plan 20 groups were added and 2 more in the Seventh Five year plan, one more group was added in the eighth five-year plan, making a total 75 groups were identified as PTG.[5] The 75th group recognised as PTG were the Maram in Manipur in 1993-94. No new group was declared as PTG on the basis of the 2001 census.[6]

In 2006 the government of India proposed to rename "Primitive tribal group" as Primitive and vulnerable tribal group".[7] PTG has since been renamed Primitive and vulnerable tribal group by the government of India.[8]

Chenchu people, the PVTG of Andhra Pradesh hunting.

Other issues

Until 2018 the PVTG were not given the reproductive rights by the Government due to their declining or stagnant population growth.It was thought that allowing them to use contraceptives will hamper the efforts of their conservation.In 2018 however the High Court of Chhattisgarh on a Public Interest Litigation considered this to be a violation of their right to privacy and allowed them to use contraceptions.The PVTG of Chhattisgarh got these rights amidst concerns of family planning amongst many of them particularly the Baigas.[9]

List

Names of the Primitive and vulnerable tribal groups - states / UT wise:[10]

Name of the States /UT Name of PTG Population, 2001 Census

(Figures in actual)

Andhra Pradesh and Telangana 1. Bodo Gadaba -
2. Bondo Porja -
3. Chenchu 49232
4. Dongria Khond -
5. Gutob Gadaba -
6. Khond Porja -
7. Kolam -
8. Konda Reddi -
9. Konda Savara 83096
10. Kutia Khond -
11. Parengi Porja -
12. Thoti 2074
Total 134402
Bihar & Jharkhand Bihar Jharkhand
13. Asur 181 10347
14. Birhor 406 7514
15. Birjia 17 5356
16. Hill Kharia - -
17. Korwas 703 27177
18. Mal Paharia 4631 115093
19. Parhaiya 2429 20786
20. Sauria Paharia 585 31050
21. Savar 420 6004
Total 9372 223327
Gujarat 22. Kathodi 5820
23. Kolgha -
24. Kotwalia -
25. Padhar 22421
26. Siddi 8662
Total 36903
Karnataka 27. Jenu Kuruba 29828
28. Koraga 16071
Total 45899
Kerala 29. Cholanaikkan -
30. Kadar 2145
31. Kattunayakan 14715
32. Koraga 1152
33. Kurumba 2174
Total 20186
Madhya Pradesh &

Chhattisgarh

 Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh
34. Abujh Maria - -
35. Baiga 332936 6993
36. Bharia 152470 88981
37. Birhor 143 1744
38. Hill Korwa - -
39. Kamar 2424 23113
40. Saharia 450217 561
Total 938190 121392
Maharashtra 41. Kathodi 235022
42. Kolam/Katkari people 173646
43. Maria Gond/Katkari people -
Total 408668
Manipur 44. Maram Naga 1225
Odisha 45. Birhor 702
46. Bondo 9378
47. Chuktia Bhunjia -
48. Didayi 7371
49. Dongria Khond -
50. Juang 41339
51. Kharia 188331
52. Kutia Khond -
53. Lanjia Saura -
54. Lodha 8905
55. Mankidia 1050
56. Paudi Bhuyan -
57. Sauura 473233
Total 730309
Rajasthan 58. Saharia -
Tamil Nadu 59. Irular 155606
60. Kattu Nayakan 45227
61. Korumba -
62. Kota 925
63. Paniyan 9121
64. Toda 1560
Total 165103
Tripura 65. Riang 165103
Uttar Pradesh & Uttrakhand Uttar Pradesh Uttrakhand
66. Buksa 4367 46771
67. Raji 998 517
Total 5365 47288
West Bengal 68. Birhor 1017
69. Lodha 84966
70. Toto -
Total 85983
Andaman & Nicobar Islands 71. Great Andamanese 43
72. Jarawa 240
73. Onge 96
74. Sentinelese 51
75. Shom Pen 254
Total 684
All India Grand Total 3262960

References
  1. B. M. L. Patel (1 January 1998). Agrarian Transformation In Tribal India. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 313–. ISBN 978-81-7533-086-3. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  2. Ram Nath Sharma; Dr. Rajendra K. Sharma (2004). Problems Of Education In India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 46–. ISBN 978-81-7156-612-9. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  3. Jasodhara Bagchi; Sarmistha Dutta Gupta (2005). The Changing Status of Women in West Bengal, 1970-2000: The Challenge Ahead. SAGE Publications. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-7619-3242-0. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  4. Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 2. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  5. Bhagyalaxmi Mahapatra (2011). Development of a Primitive Tribe: A Study of Didayis. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 47–49. ISBN 978-81-8069-782-1. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  6. Komol Singha (2011). Economy of a Tribal Village. Concept Publishing Company. p. 21. ISBN 978-81-8069-745-6. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  7. Laxmikanth. Governance In India. McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. pp. 14–. ISBN 978-0-07-107466-7. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  8. "Misconstruing order, Chhattisgarh tribals denied sterilisation for three decades". 2012-10-31. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  9. Bhuyan, Anoo. "Tribal Women in Chhattisgarh Win Right to Access Contraception". The wire. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
  10. "Primitive Tribal Groups and their Population in India as per 2001 Census" (PDF). pib.nic.in. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
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