Pedro Cevallos
Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1760–1840) was a Spanish statesman and diplomat who served as Chief Minister from 1799 to 1808 during the Napoleonic Wars, although Manuel Godoy, a personal favourite of the Spanish King, had a vast influence over political affairs.
Pedro Cevallos | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by an unknown author | |
| Prime Minister of Spain | |
| In office 13 December 1799 – 3 March 1808 | |
| Monarch | Ferdinand VI |
| Preceded by | Mariano Luis de Urquijo |
| Succeeded by | Gonzalo O'Farrill |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Pedro Cevallos Guerra |
| Nationality | Spanish |
Early life
Cevallos was born in Cantabria in 1760. He was educated at various schools and convents before matriculating at Valladolid University in 1777 to study law. He was very successful, and in 1781 joined the faculty as a professor, remaining there until 1790.
Diplomatic and political career
In 1790 Cevallos switched to the diplomatic service, serving from 1793 to 1795 as First Secretary to the Spanish Embassy in Lisbon. He then returned home and worked for the finance ministry.
Chief Minister
In 1799, the Spanish King Charles IV appointed Cevallos as Secretary of State, the de facto Chief Minister, which office he held until 1808.[1] Cevallos lacked the power and discretion of many of his predecessors as he was forced to share power with the ambitious Manuel de Godoy, a former Secretary, who held no official role but wielded enormous power.
French invasion
Spain's situation had been precarious since the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars and in 1808 it grew worse. Spain and France had agreed to launch a joint invasion of their traditional and mutual enemy Portugal – but France had planned to betray their Spanish allies and conquer Spain as well. When this dawned on the Spanish elite, they pressed the King to abdicate. His successor, Crown Prince Ferdinand, chose to meet Napoleon in the Pyrenees and try to negotiate a cessation of hostilities, but was seized by the French and taken as a prisoner to France.
Cevallos tendered his resignation and fled to London for the remainder of the war, returning to Spain once Madrid had been liberated in 1814. He briefly headed the new government, before retiring. Cevallos died in 1840.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis |
Secretary of State (Chief Minister) 1799–1808 |
Succeeded by Gonzalo O'Farrill |
| Preceded by Gonzalo O'Farrill |
Secretary of State (Chief Minister) 1808–1808 |
Succeeded by Mariano Luis de Urquijo |
| Preceded by José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas |
Secretary of State (Chief Minister) 1814–1816 |
Succeeded by Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres |
| Preceded by Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres |
Secretary of State (Chief Minister) 1816–1816 |
Succeeded by José García de León y Pizarro |
See also
- List of Prime Ministers of Spain
- H. L. Dufour Woolfley (25 April 2013). A Quaker Goes to Spain: The Diplomatic Mission of Anthony Morris, 1813–1816. Lehigh University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-61146-136-7.
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