Philip, Duke of Parma
Philip (15 March 1720 – 18 July 1765) was Infante of Spain by birth, and Duke of Parma from 1748 to 1765. He founded the House of Bourbon-Parma, a cadet line of the Spanish branch of the Bourbon dynasty. He was a son-in-law of Louis XV.
| Philip | |||||
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 Portrait by Louis-Michel van Loo, ca. 1739, Prado museum | |||||
| Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla | |||||
| Reign | 18 October 1748 – 18 July 1765 | ||||
| Predecessor | Maria Theresa (Parma and Piacenza) Giuseppe Gonzaga (Guastalla) | ||||
| Successor | Ferdinand | ||||
| Born | 15 March 1720 Royal Alcazar, Madrid, Spain | ||||
| Died | 18 July 1765 (aged 45) Alessandria, Italy | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue | Isabella, Archduchess of Austria Ferdinand, Duke of Parma Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain | ||||
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| House | Bourbon-Parma (founder) | ||||
| Father | Philip V of Spain | ||||
| Mother | Elisabeth Farnese | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
Life
Born at the Royal Alcazar in Madrid as Felipe de Borbón y Farnesio, he was the third child and second son of Philip V of Spain and his wife, Elisabeth Farnese.
He was raised in Madrid and as a child showed more interest in art than in politics. He was also the 12th Count of Chinchón and Grandee of Spain First Class with a coat of arms of Bourbon after the alienation with royal authorization in 1738 of the 11th Count of Chinchón, Don Jose Sforza-Cesarini, Duke of Canzano, a title he later ceded to his brother Louis in 1754.
His mother came from the family of Farnese, which had ruled the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla for many generations. The duchy had been ruled between 1731 and 1736 by his elder brother Charles, but was exchanged with Austria for The Two Sicilies after the War of Polish Succession. Twelve years later, in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Austria lost the duchy and Philip became the new duke, founding the House of Bourbon-Parma.
As part of the Second Treaty of Versailles (1757) between Austria and France, it was intended that Phillip would become king of the Southern Netherlands in a deal that would see French troops occupy key positions in the country – however this arrangement was repudiated by the subsequent Third Treaty of Versailles and Phillip continued in Parma.
The Duchy of Parma was ruined by many years of warfare, and in 1759 Philip named the able Frenchman Guillaume du Tillot as his minister to restore the economy. Philip was an enlightened ruler who stimulated education and philosophy, attracting personalities such as Étienne Bonnot de Condillac.
Marriage
Philip married his first cousin once removed Princess Louise Élisabeth of France in Alcalá de Henares, Spain on 25 October 1739. They had the following children:
- Isabella Luisa Antonietta Ferdinanda Giuseppina Saveria Dominica Giovanna of Parma (31 December 1741 – 27 November 1763) – she married Marie Antoinette's older brother, the Austrian emperor, Joseph II. She had children, but they all died in childhood.
- Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo of Parma (20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802), ) – he succeeded his father as Duke of Parma in 1765 and married his older sister's sister-in-law, Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria. He left children.
- Luisa Maria Teresa Ana of Parma (9 December 1751 – 2 January 1819) – she was known as Maria Luisa. She was Queen of Spain as the wife of her cousin, Charles IV of Spain. She left children.
Their marriage was an unhappy one, and Louise Elisabeth died of smallpox at the age of 32 in 1759. Philip died unexpectedly on 18 July 1765 in Alessandria, Italy, after having accompanied his daughter Maria Luisa on her way to Genoa, where she sailed for Spain to marry Infante Charles. Through Philip's daughter Maria Luisa, he is an ancestor of the Bourbons of Spain, the Bourbons of the Two Sicilies, and the House of Orléans.
Honours
France: Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit (22 March 1736)
Ancestors
| Ancestors of Philip, Duke of Parma[1] |
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Heraldry
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References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Philip, Duke of Parma. |
- Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 8.
- Balechou, Jean Joseph. "Don Philippe, Infant d'Espagne" (in Portuguese). National Library of Portugal. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
- "Parma, Fernando I de Borbón, Duque de (1751-1802)". Ex-Libris Database (in Spanish). Royal Library of Spain. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
Philip, Duke of Parma Cadet branch of the House of Bourbon Born: 15 March 1720 Died: 18 July 1765 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Maria Theresa |
Duke of Parma and Piacenza 1748–1765 |
Succeeded by Ferdinand |
| Vacant Title last held by Giuseppe Maria Gonzaga |
Duke of Guastalla 1748–1765 | |
| Spanish nobility | ||
| Preceded by Philip V of Spain |
Count of Chinchón 1738–1754 |
Succeeded by Infante Luis of Spain |
| Preceded by Philip V of Spain |
Duke of Canzano 1748–1765 |
Succeeded by Infante Luis of Spain |
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* denotes titular Duke |
Authority control  |
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