Pisaflores Tepehua

Pisaflores Tepehua is a Tepehua language of Veracruz, Mexico. It is spoken in the towns of Ixhuatlán de Madero and Pisaflores.[3]

Pisaflores Tepehua
North Tepehua
Native toMexico
RegionVeracruz
Native speakers
2,500 (2000)[1]
Totonacan
Language codes
ISO 639-3tpp
Glottologpisa1237
ELPPisaflores Tepehua[2]

Phonology

Consonants
Pisaflores Tepehua consonants[4]
Labial Alveolar Alveo-
palatal		 Palatal Velar Glottal
central lateral
Nasal m n
Stop pulmonic p t k ʔ
ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ
Affricate pulmonic ts tɕ
ejective tsʼ tɕʼ
Fricative s ɬ ɕ h
Approximant w l j

Vowels
Pisaflores Tepehua vowels[4]
Front Central Back
Close i  iːu  uː
Mid e  eːo  oː
Open a  aː

Phonotactics

Pisaflores Tepehua syllable structure is summarized by MacKay and Treschel (2013) as:[4]

  • C1 (C2) V (C3 (C4))

That is, Pisaflores Tepehua syllables must start with a consonant or two-consonant cluster, have one vowel sound, and may end without consonants or with a consonant or two-consonant cluster.

Phonological restrictions apply:

  • Onset
    1. C1 can be any consonant
    2. C2 can only exist if and only if C1 is a fricative (/s/, /ɕ/, /ɬ/)
    3. C2 cannot be a fricative or affricate (/s/, /ɕ/, /ɬ/, /ts/, /tɕ/, /tsʼ/, /tɕʼ/)
    4. If C1 = /ɬ/, then C2 cannot be a lateral (/ɬ/, /l/)
  • Nucleus
    1. V can be any vowel, long or short
  • Coda
    1. C3 can be any consonant that is not an affricate (/ts/, /tɕ/, /tsʼ/, /tɕʼ/)
    2. C3 can be a bilabial stop (/p/, /pʼ/) in syllable-final positions, but never in word-final positions
    3. C4 can only exist if and only if C3 = /k/ or C3 = /ʔ/
    4. C4 can only be /s/, /ɕ/, or /ɬ/ if C3 = /k/
    5. C4 can only be /s/ or /ɕ/ if C3 = /ʔ/

References
  1. Unidad Médica Rural de Pisaflores, cited in MacKay & Treschel (2013)
  2. Endangered Languages Project data for Pisaflores Tepehua.
  3. Pisaflores Tepehua at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
  4. MacKay, Carolyn J.; Treschel, Frank R. (April 2013). "A sketch of Pisaflores Tepehua phonology". International Journal of American Linguistics. The University of Chicago. 79 (2): 189–218. doi:10.1086/669628. S2CID 147059268.


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