Pompeia (wife of Caesar)

Pompeia (fl. 1st century BC) was the second or third[lower-roman 1] wife of Julius Caesar.

For other Roman women with this name, see Pompeia.
Pompeia
Born
Rome
Died
Rome
Known forThe second or third wife of Julius Caesar
Spouse(s)Julius Caesar (67–62 BC; divorced)
Parents

Biography

Early life

Her parents were Quintus Pompeius Rufus, a son of a former consul, and Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman dictator Sulla.

Marriage

Caesar married Pompeia in 67 BC,[1] after he had served as quaestor in Hispania, his first wife Cornelia having died in 69 BC. Caesar was the nephew of Gaius Marius, and Cornelia was the daughter of Lucius Cornelius Cinna so that they were related to both the leaders of the losing populares side in the civil war of the 80s BC.

In 63 BC Caesar was elected to the position of the Pontifex Maximus, the chief priest of the Roman state religion, which came with an official residence on the Via Sacra.[2] In 62 BC Pompeia hosted the festival of the Bona Dea ("good goddess"), which no man was permitted to attend, in this house. However a young patrician named Publius Clodius Pulcher managed to gain admittance disguised as a woman, apparently for the purpose of seducing Pompeia. He was caught and prosecuted for sacrilege. Caesar gave no evidence against Clodius at his trial, and he was acquitted. Nevertheless, Caesar divorced Pompeia, saying that "my wife ought not even to be under suspicion".[3] This gave rise to a proverb, sometimes expressed: "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion".[4][5]

Later life

Nothing specific is known about her life after the divorce, but it has been proposed that she may have married Publius Vatinius.[6]

Cultural depictions

Pompeia is depicted in various works of fiction including Robert Harris' Lustrum and Colleen McCullough's Masters of Rome series, in the Masters of Rome series the theory that she remarried to Publius is depicted.

See also

Notes
  1. Plutarch refers to Pompeia, Cornelia's successor, as Caesar's third wife, implying that Cornelia was his second, implying that Cossutia, to whom he had been betrothed to since childhood, was his first.

References
  1. Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth- E.A. (edd), Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2003- | 1214.
  2. Plutarch, Caesar 7; Suetonius, Julius 13 Archived 2012-05-30 at Archive.today, 46
  3. Cicero, Letters to Atticus 1.13; Plutarch, Caesar 9-10; Cassius Dio, Roman History 37.45; Suetonius, Julius 6.2 Archived 2012-05-30 at Archive.today
  4. Caesar, Gaius Julius Archived 2013-11-22 at the Wayback Machine, Historia, KET Distance Learning.
  5. Like Caesar's wife, a politician should be above suspicion, The Independent, March 23, 2001
  6. American Journal of Ancient History. 1–3. Harvard University. 1976. p. 14.
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