Port of Port Hedland

Port Hedland is one of the largest iron ore loading ports in the world and the largest in Australia. In 2011 it had the largest bulk cargo throughput in Australia. With the neighboring ports of Port Walcott and Dampier, Port Hedland is one of three major iron ore exporting ports in the Pilbara region of Western Australia,[3]

This article is about the port and harbour. For the locality, see Port Hedland. For the local authority, see Town of Port Hedland.

Port of Port Hedland
View of the harbour at Port Hedland, looking west from the public jetty towards the bulk carrier Shagang Haili, berthed at Finucane Island, April 2012.
Location of Port Hedland
Location
CountryAustralia
LocationPort Hedland, Western Australia
Coordinates20°19.0′S 118°34.5′E
UN/LOCODEAUPHE[1]
Details
Opened1896
Operated byPilbara Ports Authority
Type of harborSeaport
Available berths15[2]
Draft depth19.8 m.[2]
Statistics
Vessel arrivals2,447 (2014)
Annual cargo tonnage372,301,352 tonnes (2013-2014)
Website
Pilbara Ports Authority

History

Named after Captain Hedland, the Master of a ship that anchored there in 1863, Port Hedland was first developed in order to service the needs of the local pastoral industry in East Pilbara. The first jetty was built in 1896, this was extended in 1908 after the discovery of gold in the Marble Bar area. [4]

Until the 1930s the port was predominantly used to import goods and stores for the local industries and to export pearl, shell, wool, livestock, gold, tin and copper. With the end of WW2 the port began exporting significant amounts of manganese.[4]

The 1960s saw the development of the port by the iron ore and salt industries. Mount Goldsworthy Mining Associates, a company later absorbed by BHP Billiton, dredged an approach channel and turning basin for 65,000 DWT ships. Meanwhile, the Leslie Salt Company, from August 2001 Dampier Salt Limited (part of the Rio Tinto Group), built a land backed wharf and facilities to aid salt exports and fuel imports.[4][5]

Further dredging was performed after the Mount Newman Mining Company, a subsidiary of BHP Billiton, chose Port Hedland as its export port. The new works allowed for ships up to 120,000 DWT.[4]

Between the 1960s and today and extensive dredging and building has taken Port Hedland from a convenient anchorage to 15 berths capable of loading various ores and goods onto ships ranging from 25,000 DWT to 320,000 DWT.[4]

In 2005/06 Port Hedland became the first Australian port to export in excess of 100 million tonnes per year. In 2010/11 the port exported a record 199 million tonnes, making it the largest port by cargo tonnage in Australia.[4]

Port Authority

Port Hedland's harbour is managed by the Pilbara Port Authority, a state government instrumentality. The Port Authority's headquarters, control tower and heliport are at Mangrove Point, just to the west of The Esplanade at the western end of Port Hedland.

The tugboat pen, customs office and public jetty are at nearby Laurentius Point. The harbour's wharves are located on both sides of the harbour – Finucane Island to the west and Port Hedland to the east.

Geography

The points are key references to the port and its composition. Mangrove and Laurentius points are already mentioned, Utah Point, and Anderson Point are located in the inner part of the harbour and exist within the complex of current berths.

Berths

Allocation of berths includes a commercial-in-confidence agreement between the PPA and BHP[6][7] known as the Harriet Point agreement[8]

  • Finucane Island berths - BHP berths FIA, FIB, FIC & FID, PPA Wharf 4
  • Anderson Point berths - Fortescue Metals AP berths 1,2,3 and 4,5 (in South West Creek)
  • South West Creek - Roy Hill Stanley Point SP 1 & SP 2
  • Inner Harbour berths - PPA Wharves 1,2 & 3 and BHP berths Nelson Point NPA, NPB, NPC,NPD[9]

Access by oceangoing vessels into and out of the harbour is via a narrow curved channel. The following series of images depicts a 225 m (246.1 yd) long bulk carrier, Darya Shanthi, using the channel to enter the harbour. Visible in the foreground of each image is part of the harbour's system of mangroves.

 

Port Statistics
Port Hedland ship and cargo statistics 2007-2012[10][11]
2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Total cargo (tonnes) 246,672,060 199,002,079 178,625,449 159,390,660 130,707,208 111,809,432
Imports
Sulphuric acid 10,003 6,011 –  73,577 69,649 145,336
Bitumen –  –  –  3,185 1,284 3,825
Caustic soda –  4,166 –  7,433 7,032 – 
Ammonium nitrate 16,100 –  –  –  389 – 
Cement 186,870 98,573 163,604 82,803 25,148 – 
Fuel oils 1,216,044 988,990 822,794 713,226 619,957 527,256
General & containerised cargo 227,186 172,285 167,796 128,642 70,487 136,022
Total imports (tonnes) 1,656,203 1,270,025 1,154,194 1,008,866 793,946 812,439
Exports
Iron ore 238,932,735 192,548,683 173,957,507 153,895,882 125,267,292 106,616,567
Hot briquetted iron –  –  –  –  –  – 
Hot briquetted iron fines –  –  44,576 324,389 321,702 – 
Manganese 1,958,419 1,881,708 1,645,950 920,216 1,217,026 1,184,927
Chromite 411,647 173,236 143,421 180,128 209,792 219,337
Copper 433,904 461,383 479,545 423,050 417,075 249,824
Feldspar –  –  –  –  –  – 
Salt 3,197,203 2,623,412 1,165,401 2,609,954 2,409,527 2,669,441
Scrap 70,245 39,002 25,150 20,008 39,051 – 
Livestock –  –  7,817 5,825 7,951 6,335
General & containerised cargo 11,703 4,630 1,888 2,342 23,846 50,562
Total exports (tonnes) 245,015,856 197,732,054 177,471,255 158,381,794 129,913,262 110,996,993
Shipping
Gross registered tonnage 145,056,987 112,081,735 100,040,087 74,012,123 63,614,547 62,370,169
Deadweight tonnage 277,313,992 216,454,152 193,442,785 142,870,875 122,810,231 120,119,965
No. of vessels 1,843 1,474 1,303 1,027 888 925

See also

References
  1. "UNLOCODE (AU) - AUSTRALIA". www.unece.org. UNECE. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  2. "Port of Port Hedland, Australia". www.findaport.com. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  3. Annual report 2015 - Pilbara ports authority. Port Hedland: PPA (Pilbara ports authority). 1 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  4. "Port Profile and Handbook". PHPA website]. Port Hedland Port Authority. 12 December 2013. Archived from the original on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  5. "History". Rio Tinto Dampier Salt. Rio Tinto. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  6. Michael Hobbs. "BHP struck secret deal over Port Hedland capacity". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  7. Michael Hobbs (13 November 2013). "BHP struck secret deal over Port Hedland capacity". Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  8. Evans, Nick (2014) Secret deal risks port sale, West Business, p.125, The Weekend West, 20–21 September 2014
  9. Wilson, Jimmy. "Macquarie Western Australia Forum" (PDF). BHP Billiton Iron Ore. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  10. "Cargo Statistics & Port Information" (PDF). PHPA website. Port Hedland Port Authority. November 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  11. "Cargo Statistics & Port Information". PHPA website. Port Hedland Port Authority. 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2013.

Further reading
  • Shaw, Murray (2006). Moving Mountains: The Evolution of Port Hedland Harbour. Carlisle, WA: Hesperian Press. ISBN 085905389X.
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