Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland was the head of the Government of Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972. No such office was provided for in the Government of Ireland Act 1920;[1] however, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,[2] as with governors-general in other Westminster Systems such as in Canada, chose to appoint someone to head the executive even though no such post existed in statute law. The office-holder assumed the title Prime Minister to draw parallels with the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. On the advice of the new Prime Minister, the Lord Lieutenant then created the Department of the Prime Minister.[3] The office of Prime Minister of Northern Ireland was abolished in 1972, along with the contemporary government, when direct rule of Northern Ireland was transferred to London.
| Prime Minister of Northern Ireland | |
|---|---|
 Arms of the Executive Committee | |
| Nominator | House of Commons |
| Appointer | Governor of Northern Ireland |
| Term length | At Her Majesty's pleasure so long as General Elections are held no more than five years apart. |
| Inaugural holder | Sir James Craig |
| Formation | 7 June 1921 |
| Final holder | Brian Faulkner |
| Abolished | 30 March 1972 (suspended) 18 July 1973 (abolished) |
| Succession | First Minister of the Northern Ireland |
| Deputy | Deputy Prime Minister |
 |
|---|
| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Northern Ireland 1921–72 |
The Government of Ireland Act provided for the appointment of the Executive Committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland by the Governor.[4] No parliamentary vote was required. Nor, theoretically, was the Executive Committee and its prime minister responsible to the House of Commons of Northern Ireland. In reality the governor chose the leader of the party with a majority in the House to form a government. On each occasion this was the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party; such was the UUP's electoral dominance using both a simple plurality and for the first two elections, a proportional electoral system. All prime ministers of Northern Ireland were members of the Orange Order.[5]
The prime minister's residence from 1920 until 1922 was Cabin Hill, later to become the junior school for Campbell College. After 1922 Stormont Castle was used, though some prime ministers chose to live in Stormont House, the unused residence of the Speaker of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland.
The new offices of first minister and deputy first minister were created by the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. In contrast with the Westminster-style system of the earlier Stormont government, the new Northern Ireland Executive operates on the principles of consociational democracy.
In 1974, Brian Faulkner was chosen to lead the Northern Ireland Executive not as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland but as Chief Executive of Northern Ireland.
List of office-holders
| No. | Name (Birth–Death) Constituency |
Portrait | Term of office | Elected (Parliament) |
Ministry | Party | Last office(s) held before election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Sir James Craig (created The 1st Viscount Craigavon in 1927)[6] (1871–1940) MP for Down until 1929 MP for North Down from 1929 |
 |
7 June 1921 | 24 November 1940 | 1921 (1st) | Craigavon | Ulster Unionist Party | Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty (1920–1921) | |
| 1925 (2nd) | |||||||||
| 1929 (3rd) | |||||||||
| 1933 (4th) | |||||||||
| 1938 (5th) | |||||||||
| 2. | John Miller Andrews (1871–1956) MP for Mid Down |
 |
27 November 1940 | 1 May 1943 | — (5th) | Andrews | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Finance (1937–1941) | |
| 3. | Sir Basil Brooke (created The 1st Viscount Brookeborough in 1952)[7] (1888–1973) MP for Lisnaskea |
 |
1 May 1943 | 26 March 1963 | — (5th) | Brookeborough | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Commerce (1941–1943) | |
| 1945 (6th) | |||||||||
| 1949 (7th) | |||||||||
| 1953 (8th) | |||||||||
| 1958 (9th) | |||||||||
| 1962 (10th) | |||||||||
| 4. | Terence O'Neill (1914–1990) MP for Bannside |
 |
25 March 1963 | 1 May 1969 | — (10th) | O'Neill | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Finance (1956–1963) | |
| 1965 (11th) | |||||||||
| 1969 (12th) | |||||||||
| 5. | James Chichester-Clark (1923–2002) MP for South Londonderry |
 |
1 May 1969 | 23 March 1971 | — (12th) | Chichester-Clark | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Agriculture (1967–1969) Leader of the House of Commons (1968–1969) | |
| 6. | Brian Faulkner (1921–1977) MP for East Down |
 |
23 March 1971 | 30 March 1972 | — (12th) | Faulkner | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Development (1969–1971) | |
Parliamentary Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister
- 1921–1929 Algernon Skeffington, 12th Viscount Massereene
- 1929–1930 Maxwell Ward, 6th Viscount Bangor
- 1930–1941 John Andrew Long
- 1941–1948 Joseph Davison
- 1948–1960 William Moore Wallis Clark
- 1960–1970 Daniel McGladdery
- 1970–1972 Captain John Brooke, 2nd Viscount Brookeborough
Additional Parliamentary Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister
- 1969 Robert Simpson
Sources
- Alan J. Ward, The Irish Constitutional Tradition (Irish Academic Press, 1994)
- Government of Ireland Act, 1920
- The Government of Northern Ireland
Footnotes
- Alan J. Ward, The Irish Constitutional Tradition, p.111.
- The new office of governor had not yet come into being because its creation required an amendment to the original Act. The lord lieutenant of Ireland had originally been granted the role and exercised the powers, functions and duties pending the creation of governor's post in 1922. Ward, p.116.
- Ward, p.116.
- Government of Ireland Act 1920, s. 8.
- "Who are the Orangemen?". BBC News. 11 July 2012.
By the 20th century, the Order had pervaded the highest echelons of society. Every prime minister of Northern Ireland, from Partition in 1921 to the return of direct rule in 1972, was an Orangeman, as are a number of current ministers in the Northern Ireland Executive.
- Viscount Craigavon from 1927
- Viscount Brookeborough from 1952