Principality of Kiev

The inner Principality of Kiev (Old East Slavic: Киевское кънѧжьство, romanized: Kievskoe kniazhstvo, Russian: Киевское княжество, romanized: Kievskoe kniazhestvo, Ukrainian: Київське князівство, romanized: Kyivske kniazivstvo) was a medieval East Slavic state, situated in central regions of modern Ukraine around the city of Kiev (Kyiv). It was formed during the process of political fragmentation of the Kievan Rus' in the early 12th century. As a result of that process, effective rule of Grand Princes of Kiev was gradually reduced to central regions of Kievan Rus' (around its capital city Kiev), thus forming a reduced princely domain, known as the inner Principality of Kiev. It existed as a polity until the middle of the 14th century.

For the predecessor state of the Kievan Rus', see Kievan Rus'.
Inner Principality of Kiev

Old East Slavic: Киевское кънѧжьство
1132–1471
Coin issued by Prince Vladimir Olgerdovich of Kiev. 1388–1392
Rus' principalities in 1237, Kiev in light blue
Statuspart of the Grand Principality of Vladimir (1243–1271)
part of the Kingdom of Rus' (1271–1301)
vassal of the Golden Horde (1301–1362)
part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1362–1471)
CapitalKiev (Kyiv)
Common languagesOld East Slavic
Religion
Eastern Orthodox
GovernmentMonarchy
History 
• Established
1132
• destruction of Kiev by Batu Khan
1240
• death of Semen Olelkovich
1471
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Kievan Rus'
Kiev Voivodeship

Territory

The inner Principality of Kiev occupied land areas on both banks of the Dnieper River, bordering the Principality of Polotsk to the north-west, the Principality of Chernigov to the north-east, Poland to the west, the Principality of Galicja to the south-west and Cumania to the south-east. Later, Kiev would be bordered by the separated Principality of Turov-Pinsk to the north and the joined Principality of Galicja-Volhynia to the west.

History
Reconstructed Orthodox church in Kiev

The region of the Kievan Rus' fragmented in the early 12th century and a number of semi-autonomous successor states arose. Kiev remained the core of the country and was the center of the spiritual life with the office of the Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church in Kiev.

Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states were de facto independent and so led to the emergence of the Principality of Kiev as a separate state.

The importance of the Kievan Principality began to decline. In the years 1150-1180 many of its cities such as Vyshhorod, Kaniv, and Belgorod sought independence as individual principalities. The emergence of the principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal and Galicia-Volhynia resulted in the transition of the political and cultural center of Rus' as well as the migration of citizens to cities like Vladimir and Halych.

The Mongol invasion of Rus' left the Principality of Kiev in a severely ruined state. Following the invasion, it was now under the formal suzerainty of the Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal, Alexander Nevsky, who in turn was a vassal to the Mongols. After the Battle of Irpen in 1321, Kiev was the object of desire for the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, and it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1362. The Principality formally existed as a distinct entity until 1471, when it was converted into the Kiev Voivodeship

Rulers
Princes of Kiev

Grand Princes
See also: Grand Prince of Kiev

After Mongol invasion of Rus'

Principality did not have own ruler and was ruled by viceroys (voivodes).

Olgovichi, Prince of Putivl

Principality was ruled by princes of Olshanski and Olgovichi.

  • Vladimir Ivanovich (???-1300-???)
  • Stanislav Terence (???-1324)
  • Fyodor (1324-1362)

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Principality was ruled by princes of Olshanski and Olelkovichi.

Sources
  • Christian, David. A History of Russia, Mongolia and Central Asia. Blackwell, 1999.
  • Fennell, John, The Crisis of Medieval Russia, 1200–1304. (Longman History of Russia, general editor Harold Shukman.) Longman, London, 1983. ISBN 0-582-48150-3
  • Martin, Janet, Medieval Russia 980–1584. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993. ISBN 0-521-36832-4
  • Magocsi, Paul R. (2010). A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1442610217.
  • Obolensky, Dimitri (1974) [1971]. The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500-1453. London: Cardinal.

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