Prisoner transport

Prisoner transport is the transportation of prisoners by law enforcement agencies or contractors.

This article is about the means and methods used to transport prisoners. For the punishment known as "transportation", see Penal transportation.
United States Marshals securing an immigration and customs prisoner transport.

In order to extradite a suspected or convicted criminal from one jurisdiction to another, a rendition aircraft may be used, although the high cost involved means that it is normally used only to transport the most dangerous of prisoners; more commonly, a person being extradited would simply be put onto a commercial airliner, albeit escorted by law enforcement officers. One notable example of a prisoner transported on a commercial airliner was that of Christopher Tappin, a Briton extradited to the United States in February 2012 to face American charges of selling arms parts to Iran. Tappin was flown on United Airlines flights from London Heathrow Airport to El Paso, Texas via Houston accompanied, but not handcuffed, by US Marshals at all times. After arriving in El Paso, Tappin was transported to Otero County jail in New Mexico before his first court hearing in El Paso.[1] Tappin would be subsequently remanded to the UK in September 2013 to serve 14 months at HMP Wandsworth in South London before he was paroled from prison in May 2014 on the condition he wear an ankle monitor for the remainder of his sentence.[2]

Issues
A Cell Van used by UK Immigration Enforcement to safely transport offenders

Prisoner transport is risky due to the fact that dangerous inmates are temporarily introduced into a public environment. Specially designed prisoner transport vehicles are used to fulfill security requirements. Many inmates see this time as an opportunity to escape. Some inmates prepare for escape during transport by bringing along tiny objects (e.g. paper clips) that can be used to pick the locks of their handcuffs prior to escape from the vehicles.

Law enforcement agencies, aware of this, often take extra security measures on inmates being transported, especially those who are more prone to escape or violence. This includes additional forms of restraint on the bodies, more secure vehicles, and escorts from additional law enforcement agents. Many transports are started at night to minimize the chance of harm to civilians.

Prisoner in leg irons

Restraints
Prisoner in handcuffs with a handcuff cover, secured with a martin chain around their waist

As a safeguard against escape, prisoners are routinely placed in physical restraints for transport. The type of restraints used depends on the security level of the prisoners and may vary from department to department.[3] As a rule, most prisoners will have to wear at least handcuffs as a minimum restraint. Often, a belly chain is added so that the prisoner's hands are shackled to the waist.[4] Leather or nylon belts may be used instead of belly chains. To prevent the prisoner from manipulating the keyhole of the handcuffs, for instance if he or she gets hold of a handcuff key or a lockpick, a handcuff cover may be placed around the handcuffs. The additional precaution of leg irons may also be taken, particularly if the prisoner will be walking outside of a secure area. When a prisoner is shackled at their hands, legs, and around their waist, this is commonly known as being placed in "full restraints".

Prisoner in transport restraints

Specific prisoner transport restraints (e.g. Smith & Wesson model 1850 transport restraint)[5] are combinations which consist of a pair of handcuffs, attached by a longer chain to a pair of leg irons. When being placed in such transport restraints, the prisoner will still have the possibility to manage normal steps, but is prevented from running by the leg irons. The connecting chain also prevents the prisoner from lifting their arms. For transporting prisoners by car, special combinations called auto restraints are used where the chains of the leg irons as well as the connecting chains are shortened, allowing the prisoner only a stooping shuffling walk when he or she is outside the car.[6]

In addition to restraints, a stun belt may be fastened around the prisoner's waist for further control. In the event of the prisoner attempting to escape or attack someone, the escorting officers can activate the belt via a remote control to give the subject an electric shock.

Clothing

When going on a transport, prisoners will in most cases have to wear a Prison uniform to make them instantly identifiable. Sometimes, special high-visibility jackets are added for enhanced security.[7]

See also
The Cuyahoga County Sheriff's Office Prisoner Transport bus. This bus, carrying up to thirty prisoners, makes five trips a week from the county jail to other prisons.

References
  1. Bowcott, Owen (2012-02-24). "Christopher Tappin hands himself in to Heathrow police for extradition to US". The Guardian. London.
  2. "Chris Tappin: the extradited man". The Times. 2014-06-14. Retrieved 2015-07-29.
  3. "ASCA Responses: Inmate Transport Surve" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-16.
  4. "Safe Prisoner Transport". Retrieved 2017-01-10.
  5. "Smith & Wesson 1850 in Use on Former US Congressman – Handcuff Warehouse Blog". Retrieved 2017-01-10.
  6. "New Page 1". www.alexhandcuffs.com. Retrieved 2017-01-10.
  7. "PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY ILLUSTRATING ITEMS IN USE". www.alexhandcuffs.com. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
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