Programming languages used in most popular websites

(i.e., the most visited) websites have in common that they are dynamic websites. Their development typically involves server-side coding, client-side coding and database technology. The programming languages applied to deliver similar dynamic web content however vary vastly between sites.

Programming languages used in most popular websites*
Websites Popularity
(unique visitors per month)[1]		 Front-end
(Client-side)		 Back-end
(Server-side)		 Database Notes
Google[2] 1,600,000,000 JavaScript, TypeScript C, C++, Go,[3] Java, Python, Node Bigtable,[4] MariaDB[5] The most used search engine in the world
Facebook 1,100,000,000 JavaScript, Flow Hack, PHP (HHVM), Python, C++, Java, Erlang, D,[6] XHP,[7] Haskell[8] MariaDB, MySQL,[9] HBase, Cassandra[10] The most visited social networking site
YouTube 1,100,000,000 JavaScript C, C++, Python, Java,[11] Go[12] Vitess, BigTable, MariaDB[5][13] The most visited video sharing site [YouTube is also owned by Google, the first lisiting (can be seen above)]
Yahoo 750,000,000 JavaScript PHP PostgreSQL, HBase, Cassandra, MongoDB,[14]
Amazon 500,000,000 JavaScript Java, C++, Perl[15] PostgreSQL, RDS, RDS Aurora[16] Popular Internet shopping site
Wikipedia 475,000,000 JavaScript PHP MariaDB[17] "MediaWiki" is programmed in PHP; free online encyclopedia
Twitter 290,000,000 JavaScript C++, Java,[18] Scala,[19] Ruby MySQL[20] Popular social network.
Bing 285,000,000 JavaScript C++, C# Microsoft SQL Server, Cosmos DB Search engine from Microsoft.
eBay 285,000,000 JavaScript Java,[21] JavaScript,[22] Scala[23] Oracle Database Online auction house.
MSN 280,000,000 JavaScript C# Microsoft SQL Server An email client, for simple use. Previously known as "messenger", not to be confused with Facebook's messaging platform.
LinkedIn 260,000,000 JavaScript Java, JavaScript,[24] Scala Voldemort[25] World's largest professional network.
Pinterest 250,000,000 JavaScript Python (Django),[26] Erlang MySQL, Redis [27] Search engine for ideas.
WordPress.com 240,000,000 JavaScript PHP MariaDB[28] Website manager software.

*data on programming languages are based on:

Back-end (Server-side) table in most popular websites
Websites C# C C++ D Erlang Go Hack Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala XHP
Google No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No
YouTube No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No No
Facebook No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes
Yahoo No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Amazon No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No
Wikipedia No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No
Twitter No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No
Bing Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No
eBay No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No
MSN Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
LinkedIn No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No
Pinterest No No No No Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No
WordPress.com No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No

See also

References
  1. "Top 15 Most Popular Websites May 2018". eBiz. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  2. searchenginewatch.com - Google Hits the Billion Monthly Unique Visitors Mark
  3. Rob Pike (2012). Go at Google. Presentation at the ACM conference on Systems, Programming, Languages and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH).
  4. "Google's Bigtable". Archived from the original on 16 June 2006.
  5. "Google Waves Goodbye To MySQL In Favor Of MariaDB". readwrite.com. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  6. "Facebook is using D in production starting today".
  7. "XHP: A New Way to Write PHP". Facebook Engineering. Facebook.
  8. "Fighting spam with Haskell". Facebook Engineering. Facebook.
  9. "MySQL and Database Engineering".
  10. "Cassandra – A structured storage system Developed By Facebook".
  11. "YouTube Architecture - High Scalability -". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  12. "Golang Vitess: a database wrapper written in Go as used by Youtube".
  13. "Google buys YouTube for $1.65 billion". 10 October 2006.
  14. "World's Largest Database Running on Postgres".
  15. "Amazon Architecture".
  16. "Amazon's consumer business ditches Oracle's databases". SiliconANGLE. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  17. "Wikipedia Adopts MariaDB". Wikimedia Foundation. 22 April 2013.
  18. "Twitter and Java | go.Java | Oracle". go.java. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  19. Venners, Bill. "Twitter on Scala".
  20. "How Twitter Stores 250 Million Tweets A Day Using MySQL".
  21. "eBay Architecture". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  22. "How We Built eBay's First Node.js Application".
  23. "squbs".
  24. "LinkedIn Moved From Rails To Node: 27 Servers Cut And Up To 20x Faster". Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  25. "Project Voldemort A distributed database". Project Voldemort. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  26. "FAQ:General". Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  27. "How We Scaled Pinterest From Zero Users To A $2 Billion Valuation". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  28. "WordPress.com PHP Environment". Retrieved 24 October 2020.
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