Reconnaissance Corps

The Reconnaissance Corps, or simply Recce Corps, was a corps of the British Army, formed during the Second World War whose units provided the mobile spearhead of infantry divisions. It was formed from infantry brigade reconnaissance groups on 14 January 1941.

The Reconnaissance Corps
Cap badge of the Reconnaissance Corps, 1941
Active19411946
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
RoleReconnaissance
Nickname(s)The Reccies
The Recce Corps
Motto(s)"Only The Enemy In Front"

All the brigade reconnaissance groups of each infantry corps were formed into reconnaissance battalions, each usually bearing the number of its relevant division. For example, the 43rd Battalion, Reconnaissance Corps (based on the 5th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment) was the divisional reconnaissance battalion of the 43rd (Wessex) Division.[1]

Initially, coming from infantry units, reconnaissance units used the infantry designations of battalions, companies and platoons. However, from 6 June 1942, the Corps changed to the cavalry descriptions of regiments, squadrons and troops.[2]

The Corps became part of the Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) in 1944, still maintaining its own cap badge with two lightning strikes supporting an upright spear. With the end of the war, this number of reconnaissance units was not needed and the Reconnaissance Corps was disbanded in August 1946. Reconnaissance duties reverted to regular armoured units of the RAC.

Organisation and equipment

A Universal Carrier of the 52nd Reconnaissance Regiment of the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division, Scotland, 10 November 1942.

The Reconnaissance Corps was charged with gathering vital tactical information in battle for infantry divisions, probing ahead and screening the flanks of main advances. The training centre was established at Winchester in February 1941, until the home of the Corps moved to Catterick in Yorkshire. Although the Corps was raised from various regular army units, it did not follow that all men would be retained, as potential reconnoiterers were required to take an IQ test and other tests before being accepted. Many failed and were sent to normal infantry battalions, but those who succeeded enjoyed the kudos of belonging to an elite unit and were determined to prove their own worth. Before beginning training with his unit, each man undertook a five-week course with technical units, which determined his role as a driver, wireless operator or mechanic. Most recce men became efficient in two of these roles e.g. driver and operator. During training with a reconnaissance unit, emphasis was placed on both aggressiveness and initiative, as these were the characteristics expected of the men selected for such units, and, as a result, a proud offensive spirit was created, similar to other newly founded units such as The Parachute Regiment. Reconnaissance regiments were organised into a headquarters squadron (including anti-tank, signals and mortar troops) and three reconnaissance (or "recce") squadrons. Each recce squadron comprised three scout troops and an assault troop. Scout troops were equipped with Bren Gun Carriers and light reconnaissance cars, such as the Humber Light Reconnaissance Car. The assault troops were composed of lorried infantry and were called up when enemy resistance needed to be overcome. Later in the war, more efficient and well-armed armoured cars such as the Humber Armoured Car, Daimler Armoured Car, Staghound and Greyhound augmented the light reconnaissance cars in scout troops.[3]

Units

Unit sign used to identify all reconnaissance vehicles attached to infantry divisions. (The same design with the number 45 identified recce vehicles with armoured divisions)

The following units served in the Recce Corps:

Men of the 1st Reconnaissance Regiment, part of the 1st Infantry Division, pose with a captured German swastika flag in Littoria, Italy, 25 May 1944. They are, from left to right: Corporal H. Seddon, Trooper R. Carslake and Trooper J. Callaghan.
Universal carriers of the 49th Reconnaissance Regiment are welcomed by Dutch civilians on the outskirts of Kampen, 19 April 1945.
Men of the 52nd Reconnaissance Regiment of the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division wading through a stream during training in Scotland, 5 September 1942.
Troopers of the 78th Infantry Division's 56th Reconnaissance Regiment use a radio at an observation post overlooking the river Sangro, Italy, 7–8 November 1943.

Independent reconnaissance squadrons (this list is probably incomplete)

The tactical recognition flash of the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards is identical to the badge of the Reconnaissance Corps, except for the absence of the ribbon bearing the Corps' name
  • 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron[44][48][49]
  • 15th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron transferred in February 1943 to the 15th (Scottish) Reconnaissance Regiment.[30]
  • 24th (Guards) Independent Reconnaissance Squadron transferred to the 49th (West Riding) Reconnaissance Regiment.[24]
  • 29th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron transferred in September 1942 from the 78th Division to the 49th (West Riding) Reconnaissance Regiment.[24]
  • 38th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron transferred to the 38th (Welsh) Reconnaissance Regiment in October 1943[15]
  • 45th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron formed November 1941 from the 54th Reconnaissance Regiment; transferred in February 1943 to the 15th (Scottish) Reconnaissance Regiment.[30]
  • 47th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron transferred to the 38th (Welsh) Reconnaissance Regiment in October 1943[15]
  • 48th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron formed January 1942 in the 48th (South Midland) Division after the original 48th Battalion, transferred to the 43rd (Wessex) Division; transferred to the 80th (Holding and Training) Reconnaissance Regiment in January 1943[37][50]
  • 54th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron formed November 1941 from the 54th Reconnaissance Regiment; transferred in February 1943 to the 15th (Scottish) Reconnaissance Regiment.[30]
  • 55th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron transferred to the 38th (Welsh) Reconnaissance Regiment in October 1943[15]
  • 76th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron formed November 1941 from the 54th Reconnaissance Regiment; transferred to the 80th (Holding and Training) Reconnaissance Regiment in January 1943.[30][37]
  • 77th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron transferred to the 80th (Holding and Training) Reconnaissance Regiment in January 1943[37]
  • 148th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron formed January 1941 in the 148th Independent Brigade Group; transferred in September 1942 to the 49th (West Riding) Reconnaissance Regiment.[24][51]

See also

Notes

  1. Mills, T.F. Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth 5th Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment page. Retrieved 26 November 2007. Archived November 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  2. "Reconnaissance Corps (UK)". web.archive.org. 2013. Archived from the original on December 26, 2005. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  3. A British Soldier Remembers Archived 2007-06-07 at the Wayback Machine The Logistics of a Recce Regiment (organisation and vehicles pages).
  4. "1st Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  5. Joslen p. 39.
  6. Doherty, British Reconnaissance Corps, pp. 51–4.
  7. "3rd (RNF) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  8. "4th Bn, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers: war services". web.archive.org. 2013. Archived from the original on December 27, 2005. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  9. "4th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  10. "5th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  11. "Reconnaissance Regiments RAC 1939-1945". web.archive.org. 2013. Archived from the original on April 15, 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  12. Joslen, p. 121.
  13. "15th (Scottish) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  14. Doherty, British Reconnaissance Corps, pp. 9, 51.
  15. "38th (Welsh) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  16. "43rd (Wessex) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  17. "161st (Green Howards) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  18. "5th Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment". web.archive.org. 2013. Archived from the original on January 17, 2006. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  19. Ellis Vol I, p. 275.
  20. "44th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  21. Bellis 1994, p. 33
  22. "45th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  23. "46th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  24. "49th (WR) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  25. Joslen, p. 81.
  26. "50th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  27. "51st (H) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  28. "52nd (Lowland) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  29. "53rd (Welsh) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  30. "54th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  31. "56th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  32. "59th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  33. Ellis Vol I, pp. 453 & 530.
  34. "61st Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  35. "The Reconnaissance Training Centre". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Archived from the original on 23 December 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  36. Joslen, p. 103.
  37. "80th Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  38. "81st (WA) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  39. "82nd (WA) Reconnaissance Regiment". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  40. Joslen, p. 90.
  41. Joslen, p. 73.
  42. "2nd Derbyshire Yeomanry". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  43. "The Derbyshire Yeomanry (UK)". web.archive.org. 2013. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  44. "Reconnaissance Corps: Service of Airborne Units". web.archive.org. 2013. Archived from the original on May 19, 2006. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  45. Ellis Vol I, p. 527.
  46. "The G.H.Q. Liaison Regiment "Phantom"". recce.adsl24.co.uk. 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  47. Ellis Vol I, p. 523.
  48. Ryan pp. 16 & 124.
  49. Ellis Vol II, pp. 35, 46.
  50. Joslen p. 77.
  51. Joslen, p. 333.

References

  • Bellis, Malcolm A. (1994). Regiments of the British Army 1939–1945 (Armour & Infantry). London: Military Press International. ISBN 978-0-85420-999-6.
  • Doherty, Richard (1994). Only The Enemy in Front ... Every Other Beggar Behind. London: Tom Donovan. ISBN 978-1-871085-18-1.
  • Doherty, Richard & Chapman, Rob (2007). The British Reconnaissance Corps in World War II. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-122-9.
  • Ellis, L.F. (1962). The Battle of Normandy. History of the Second World War. Victory in the West, Vol.I. London: HM Stationery Office. ISBN 978-1-84574-058-0.
  • Ellis, L.F. (1968). The Defeat of Germany. History of the Second World War. Victory in the West, Vol.II. London: HM Stationery Office. ISBN 978-1-84574-059-7.
  • Howard, Roy (2004). Beaten Paths are Safest: From D-Day to the Ardennes. Memories of the 61st Reconnaissance Regiment. Studley: Brewin Books. ISBN 978-1-85858-256-6.
  • Joslen, H. F. (2003) [1990]. Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
  • Parlour, Andy; Parlour, Sue (2004). Phantom at War. Bristol: Cerberus Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84145-118-3.
  • Ryan, Cornelius (1974). A Bridge Too Far. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-340-19941-1.
  • Taylor, Jeremy L. (1947). This Band of Brothers: A History of the Reconnaissance Corps of the British Army. Bristol: White Swan Press. OCLC 14952752.
  • Tee, Ronald Arthur (2001). A British Soldier Remembers: The World War II Reminiscences of Ronald Arthur Tee. Belleville, Ontario: Epic Press. ISBN 978-1-55306-277-6.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.