Riḍwan
Riḍwan (or Riswan) is an angel in Islam, who guards the gates of heaven. His name is absent in the Quran and early tafsir, named by Ibn Hisham Ismāʿīl instead,[1] he namely appears in later reports and Mi'raj narration.[2] Ridwan also plays an important role as the guardian of heaven in the Qisas Al-Anbiya, here he must prevent Iblis from entering the keep of Adam, but was tricked by a serpent, who consealed Iblis in his mouth, carrying him past the guardian.[3] His name probably developed from the Quranic term riḍwan. However, in the Quranic usage, it does not refer to an angel.[4]
Painting of the expulsion from "The Garden" by Al-Hakim Nishapuri. Ridwan, who guards paradise, over the doors of the Garden.
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References
- Raven, W., “Riḍwān”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 16 October 2019 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6291> Erste Online-Erscheinung: 2012 Erste Druckedition: ISBN 9789004161214, 1960-2007
- Stephen Burge Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-malik Routledge 2015 ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0 chapter 6
- Amira El-Zein Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn Syracuse University Press 2009 ISBN 978-0-815-65070-6 page 98-9
- Stephen Burge Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-malik Routledge 2015 ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0
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