Ricky Ray Rector

Ricky Ray Rector (January 12, 1950 – January 24, 1992) was executed for the 1981 murder of police officer Robert Martin in Conway, Arkansas.

Ricky Ray Rector
Born(1950-01-12)January 12, 1950
DiedJanuary 24, 1992(1992-01-24) (aged 42)
Arkansas, U.S.
Details
VictimsArthur Criswell
Robert Martin

After killing a man in a restaurant, he at first agreed to turn himself in to authorities, but instead shot the police officer who had negotiated his surrender in the back. He then shot himself in the head in a suicide attempt. The attempt effectively resulted in a lobotomy.[1]

A 1991 request for a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court was denied, with Justice Marshall dissenting.[2]

Despite Rector's mental state, then Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton made a point of returning to Arkansas to oversee Rector's January 24, 1992, execution during the 1992 U.S. Presidential campaign.

Murders and trial

On March 21, 1981, Rector and some friends drove to a dance hall at Tommy's Old-Fashioned Home-Style Restaurant in Conway. When one friend who could not pay the $3 cover charge was refused entry, Rector became incensed and pulled a .38 caliber pistol from his waist band. He fired several shots, wounding two and killing a third man named Arthur Criswell, who died almost instantly after being struck in the throat and forehead.[3]

Rector left the scene of the murder in a friend's car and wandered the city for three days, staying in the woods or with relatives. On March 24, Rector's sister convinced him to turn himself in. Rector agreed to surrender, but only to Officer Robert Martin, [4] whom he had known since he was a child.[3]

Martin arrived at Rector's mother's home shortly after 3 p.m. and chatted with Rector's mother and sister. Shortly thereafter, Rector arrived and greeted Martin. As Martin turned away to continue his conversation with Rector's mother, Rector drew his pistol from behind his back and fired two shots into Martin, striking him in the jaw and neck. Rector then turned and walked out of the house.

Once he had walked past his mother's backyard, Rector put his gun to his own temple and fired. Rector was quickly discovered by other police officers and taken to the local hospital. The shot had destroyed Rector's frontal lobe.[5]

Rector survived the surgery and was put on trial for the murders of Criswell and Martin. His defense attorneys argued that Rector was intellectually impaired and not competent to stand trial. However, after hearing conflicting testimony from several experts who had evaluated Rector, Judge George F. Hartje ruled that Rector was competent to stand trial. Rector was convicted on both counts and sentenced to death.[3][6][7][8]

Execution

Rector was subject to a unique overlap of controversies in 1992, during his execution in Arkansas. An oft-cited example of his mental insufficiency is his decision to save the dessert from his last meal "for later," which would have been after his execution.[9][10] In 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court banned the execution of people with intellectual disabilities in Atkins v. Virginia, ruling that the practice constitutes cruel and unusual punishment; however, it is not clear that this ruling would have applied to Rector because his brain damage was caused by his suicide attempt after having committed the two murders for which he was convicted.

Last meal

For his last meal, Rector requested and received a steak, fried chicken, cherry Kool-Aid, and pecan pie. As noted above, Rector left the pie on the side of the tray, telling the corrections officers who came to take him to the execution chamber that he was "saving it for later."[10][11] The slice of pecan pie was not disposed of until Rector had been executed.[12]

Execution

Rector was executed by lethal injection. It took medical staff more than fifty minutes to find a suitable vein.[12] The curtain remained closed between Rector and the witnesses, but some reported they could hear Rector moaning. The administrator of the State Department of Corrections Medical Program said "the moans did come as a team of two medical people—that had grown to five—worked on both sides of his body to find a vein. That may have contributed to his occasional outbursts." The state later attributed the difficulty in finding a suitable vein to Rector's great weight and to his having been administered an antipsychotic medication.

Rector was the third person executed by the state of Arkansas since Furman v. Georgia,[13] after new capital punishment laws were passed in Arkansas and that came into force on March 23, 1973.

Role in 1992 presidential campaign

By 1992, Bill Clinton was insisting that Democrats "should no longer feel guilty about protecting the innocent" and indicated his support of capital punishment.[14] To make his point, he flew home to Arkansas mid-campaign to affirm that the execution would continue as scheduled.[15] Some pundits considered it a turning point in that race, hardening a soft public image. Others tend to cite the execution as an example of what they perceive to be Clinton's opportunism, directly influenced by the failed presidential campaign of Michael Dukakis, who was portrayed by Republicans as soft on crime.[16]

Bill Clinton's critics from the anti-capital punishment sector have seen the case of Rector as an unpleasant example of what they view as Clinton's cynical careerism. The writer Christopher Hitchens, in particular, devotes much of a chapter of his book on Clinton, No One Left to Lie To, for what he regards as the immorality of the then Democratic candidate's decision to condone, and take political advantage of, Rector's execution.[11] Hitchens argues that among other actions, Clinton was attempting to deflect attention from the ongoing Gennifer Flowers sex scandal.[11]

See also

References
  1. Ricky Ray Rector, Appellant, v. Steve Clark, Attorney General, State of Arkansas; And, A.l.lockhart, Director of Arkansas Department Of correction, Appellees, 923 F.2d 570 Justia (United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit January 2, 1991).
  2. RECTOR v. BRYANT 501 U.S. 1239 115 L.Ed.2d 1038, U.S. Supreme Court, 24 June 1991. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  3. Bright, Stephen B. "Capital Punishment: Race, Poverty & Disadvantage" (PDF). Yale Campus Press. Yale Law School. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  4. https://www.odmp.org/officer/8627-patrolman-robert-w-martin}}
  5. Graetz, Michael J.; Greenhouse, Linda (2016). The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right. Simon & Schuster. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4767-3252-7.
  6. Ricky Ray RECTOR, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee., 277 Ark. 17, 638 S.W.2d 672 (1982) (Supreme Court of Arkansas. September 13, 1982).
  7. Ricky Ray RECTOR, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee., 280 Ark. 385 659 S.W.2d 168 (1983) (Supreme Court of Arkansas. October 17, 1983).
  8. RICKY RAY RECTOR, PETITIONER v. A.L. "ART" LOCKHART, Director Arkansas Department of Corrections and STEVE CLARK, Attorney General of the State of Arkansas, RESPONDENTS, 727 F.Supp. 1285 (1990) (UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS, PINE BLUFF DIVISION January 3, 1990).
  9. Frady, Marshall (February 22, 1993). "Death in Arkansas". The New Yorker.
  10. Grant, Patrick (2012). Imperfection. Athabasca University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-926836-75-1.
  11. Hitchens, Christopher (2000). No One Left to Lie To. Verso Books. ISBN 978-1859847367.
  12. Lusane, Clarence (1994). African Americans at the Crossroads: The Restructuring of Black Leadership and the 1992 Elections. Boston: South End Press. p. 158 – via Questia.
  13. Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972)
  14. Hartman, Andrew (2015). A War for the Soul of America: A History of the Culture Wars. The University of Chicago Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-226-25464-7.
  15. Soss, Joe; Langbein, Laura; Metelko, Alan R. (September 27, 2001). "Why Do White Americans Support the Death Penalty?". The Journal of Politics. 65 (2): 399. doi:10.1111/1468-2508.t01-2-00006. S2CID 38112237.
  16. O'Connor, Brendon (September 2002). "Policies, Principles, and Polls: Bill Clinton's Third Way Welfare Politics 1992–1996". Australian Journal of Politics & History. 48 (3): 401. doi:10.1111/1467-8497.00267. ISSN 1467-8497.
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