Robert Leonhardt

Robert Leonhardt (1877 – February 2, 1923) was an operatic baritone who sang several notable roles with the New York Metropolitan Opera between 1913 and 1922. He made numerous recordings for major record labels, both in Europe and in the United States.

Robert Leonhardt
Also known asRobert Leonard
Born1877
Linz, Austria
Died(1923-02-02)February 2, 1923
New York City
Genresopera, German folk
Occupation(s)singer
Years active1900–1922
LabelsGramophone Company, Zonophone, Homokord, Edison, Columbia, Victor
Associated actsEnrico Caruso, Metropolitan Opera

Biography

Leonhardt was born in 1877[1] in Linz. His operatic debut was in 1898, in Linz.[2] For four years he found permanent employment at the German Theatre in Prague starting in 1905.[2] Specializing in Wagnerian roles,[3] he sang in Brno from 1909 to 1911, and from 1911 until 1913 with the Vienna Volksoper while also guesting with the Vienna Imperial Opera in 1909 and the Berlin Gura Summer Opera in 1910.[2] In October 1913 it was announced that Leonhardt had joined the New York Metropolitan opera.[4] Sailing from Bremen, he endured a difficult voyage before arriving in the U.S. on November 6.[5] He first appeared on stage for his new employer in December[6] in the role of Peter in Engelbert Humperdinck's opera Hänsel und Gretel.[7] Receiving critical acclaim for his work in this role,[8] he would appear in Met productions over the course of the next nine years. He was expected to appear in an expanded role at the met,[9] but world circumstances would prevent this. Beginning in December 1917 he billed himself as "Robert Leonard" to distance himself from his Germanic heritage.[10] Nevertheless, Leonhardt, a citizen of Austria, was dropped by the New York Met in April 1918 because of his status as an enemy alien despite continued critical praise.[11] The opera's manager, Mr. Gatti, expressed his regret at having to make such a move. Leonhardt's wife and children resided in Vienna for the duration of the war.[12] After the war his employment recommenced with the Met and he was performing on stage again as of November 1920.[13] Here he continued to perform until shortly before his death.[14] He developed an illness that lasted for some time, and never recovered. Robert Leonhardt died at St. Mark's Hospital in New York City on February 2, 1923.[15]

Performance style

Reviews of Leonhardt's performances are wide-ranging. He has been noted for a "dark, steely, throaty bass" with mundane performance, although this is perhaps due to Leonhardt being out of his voice's comfort zone regarding range.[16] Conversely, he was noted for having a "luscious and lovely Italian voice" with a splendid, spontaneous sense of humor.[17]

Operatic roles

United States

YearCompanyOperaRoleNotes
1910Gura Summer OperaDie Meistersinger Von NürnbergBeckmesser[2]
1910Gura Summer OperaDer Ring des NibelungenAlberich[2]
1913New York MetHänsel und GretelPeterdebut with the New York Met[7]
1914Boston Opera CompanyDie Meistersinger Von NürnbergBeckmesser[18]
1914New York MetKönigskinderInnkeeper[19]
1914New York MetDie Meistersinger von NürnbergNachtigall[20]
1914New York MetDer RosenkavalierFaninal[21]
1914New York MetL'Amore MedicoMacrotonU.S. Premier [22]
1914New York MetDie ZauberflötePapageno[23]
1914New York MetLa BohèmeBenoit[24]
1914New York MetToscaSacristan[25]
1915New York MetCarmenDancaïre[26]
1915New York MetMadame Sans-GêneLeroyWorld Premiere[27]
1915New York MetFidelioSecond Prisoner[28]
1915New York MetSiegfriedAlberich[29]
1915New York MetLa BohèmeAlcindoro[30]
1915New York MetManonInnkeeper[31]
1916New York MetThe Taming of the ShrewHortensio[32]
1916New York MetIphigénie en TaurideTemple AttendantU.S. Premiere[33]
1916New York MetLohengrinHerald[34]
1917New York MetLe Nozze di FigaroAntonio[35]
1917New York MetThe Canterbury Pilgrims[12]The Knight, Man of LawWorld Premiere [36][37]
1917New York MetTristan und IsoldeMelot[38]
1917New York MetMâroufAhmad (Pastry Cook)[39]U.S. Premiere[10]
1918New York MetSaint Elisabeth (Liszt)[12]Steward[11]
1918New York MetLe ProphèteAnabaptist[40]
1920New York MetLa JuiveRuggiero[13]
1920New York MetParsifalAmfortas[41]
1921New York MetLouisePhilosopher[42]
1921New York MetAndrea ChénierFouquier Tinville[43]
1921New York MetThe Polish JewJudge SchmittU.S. Premiere[44]
1921New York MetDie tote StadtFrankU.S. Premiere[45]
1922New York MetLe roi d'YsSt. Corentin[46]
1922New York MetBoris GodunovShchelkalov[47]

Recordings

Leonhardt's career are a recording artist may be more important than his performing career. He recorded many popular songs, as well as operatic arias.[14] His recording career began in 1900 for the Gramophone Company, recording prolifically for them through 1905. Many of these recordings were issued in the Standard German Catalogue. Several European recordings also appeared on the International Zonophone[48] and Homokord labels. From 1903 to 1905 he also made records for the European Columbia branch.[2] He recorded cylinders for the Edison company before coming to the United States, and these were marketed in the U.S. to the German-speaking population. After changing his residency to the United States, he continued his recording career with Columbia Records from 1915 through 1920. Although promoted as from the "Metropolitan Opeara Co.", not all of his recordings were operatic and like the Edison cylinders, his records were marketed to German-speaking Americans, in their E-prefix ethnic catalog, and not to the general public. An exception is Record #A2053, to which the prestigious tri-color banner label was applied. This record was released in 1916, and an announcement was made in the English-speaking trade press,[49][50] but no other records by Leonhardt appeared in this series. His final recordings were made for Victor in 1921 and 1922, also released in their ethnic series. Collectors of operatic recordings were instructed to seek out these ethnic selections of Leonhardt's.[3]

Discography

(incomplete)

Note: All Columbia listings are U.S. releases.

LabelCatalog #TitleFormatYearNotes
Gramophone42609Stell' auf den Tisch78 rpm1900[51]
Gramophone42322Carmen: Toreador (Georges Bizet)78 rpmFebruary 1900matrix 641A[52]
Gramophone42349Bonn (August Bungert)78 rpm1901[52]
Gramophone42461Dem Buren die Ehre, oder Das verlorene Glück des Buren78 rpm1901matrix 648A[51]
Gramophone42319Zwei Äuglein braun (Ferdinand Gumbert)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 1102B[53]
Gramophone42320Deine blauen Augen (Kötzschke)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 1112B[54]
Gramophone42325Zwei dunkle Augen (Carl Heins)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 1113B[54]
Gramophone42326Leicht' Gepäck (Hämmerlein)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 1114B[54]
Gramophone42322Ach, könnt' ich noch einmal so lieben (Wilhelm Aletter)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 1115B[52]
Gramophone42324Das Herz am Rhein - Es liegt eine Krone im tiefen Rhein (Wilhelm Hill)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 1146B[54]
Gramophone42473Li-ti-ti, Rheinländer78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 1302B[51]
Gramophone42383Morgenhymne (George Henschel)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 119x[54]
Gramophone42380Ach, könnt' ich noch einmal so lieben (Wilhelm Aletter)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 120x[52]
Gramophone42404Bruder Liederlich (Blasser)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 185x[52]
Gramophone42407Zwei dunkle Augen (Carl Heins)78 rpmOctober 1901matrix 199x[54]
Gramophone44029Die Haselnuss, Überbrettlgesang78 rpmOctober 1901duet with Gertrud Runge[51]
Gramophone42327Schneeglöckchen78 rpm1902matrix 1162B[51]
Gramophone42664Lehn' deine Wang' an meine Wang' (Jensen)78 rpm1902matrix 2113B[54]
Gramophone42675Steh' ich in finstrer Mitternacht, Volkslied78 rpm1902matrix 2187B[51]
Gramophone42682Ach, wie wär's möglich dann (Kücken)78 rpm1902matrix 2188B[54]
Gramophone42684Deutschland über alles (Haydn - August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben)78 rpm1902matrix 2190B[54]
Gramophone42685Muss i' denn zum Städtle hinaus, Volkslied78 rpm1902matrix 2192B[51]
Gramophone42073Es zogen drei Burschen, Volkslied78 rpm1902matrix 2893B[51]
Gramophone42943Freiheit, die ich meine (Karl Groos)78 rpm1902matrix 1278x[53]
Gramophone42945Wem Gott will rechte Gunst erweisen (Mathias Fröhlich)78 rpm1902matrix 1280x[53]
Gramophone42982Carmen: Torerolied (Bizet)78 rpm1902matrix 1307x[52]
Gramophone42950Die Schöne von New York: Du mein Girl (Gustave Kerker)78 rpm1902matrix 1313x[54]
Gramophone42986Waldandacht (Franz Wilhelm Abt)78 rpm1902matrix 1371x[52]
Gramophone42980Ich sieh einem jungen Mann78 rpm1902matrix 1286x[51]
Gramophone42949Das Grab auf der Haide (Heiser)78 rpm1902matrix 1312x[54]
Gramophone2-42652Aennchen im Garten (Hoelzel)78 rpm1903matrix 1749x[54]
Gramophone2-42655Ich sende diese Blumen dir (Gallrein)78 rpm1903matrix 1768x[53]
Gramophone2-42656Wenn die Schwalben heimwärts zieh'n78 rpm1903matrix 1769x[51]
Gramophone2-42637Die Puppe: Lied von der Zufriedenheit - Fragt jemand (Edmond Audran)78 rpm1903matrix 1770x[52]
Gramophone2-42657Morgens send' ich dir die Veilchen78 rpm1903matrix 1784x[51]
Gramophone2-42658Die Puppe: Lied des Maximus (Edmond Audran)78 rpm1903matrix 1785x[52]
Gramophone2-42114Lauf der Welt (Goldschmidt)78 rpm1903matrix 3181B[53]
Gramophone3-42094Ach, wie ist's möglich dann78 rpm1904matrix 2475L[51]
Gramophone2-42247Das Vergissmeinnicht78 rpm1904matrix 1901k[51]
Gramophone44436Das ist der Tag des Herrn (Conradin Kreutzer)78 rpm1904duet with Gertrud Runge; matrix 2326h[54]
Gramophone3-42057Zampa: Reizendes Mädchen (Ferdinand Hérold)78 rpm1904matrix 2382L[54]
Gramophone3-42054Das Vergissmeinnicht78 rpm1904matrix 2404L[51]
Gramophone3-42093Morgenrot, Morgenrot, Volkslied78 rpm1904matrix 2478L[51]
Gramophone2-42252Muss i' denn zum Städtle hinaus, Volkslied78 rpm1904matrix 1916k[51]
Gramophone3-42065Muss i' denn zum Städtle hinaus, Volkslied78 rpm1904matrix 2407L[51]
Gramophone3-42422Zu Mantua in Banden (Leopold Knebelsberger)78 rpm1905matrix 234r[54]
Gramophone3-42335Waldandacht (Franz Wilhelm Abt)78 rpm1905matrix 236r[52]
Gramophone3-42310Im Krug zum grünen Kranze, Volkslied78 rpm1905matrix 238r[51]
Gramophone3-42311O alte Burschenherrlichkeit, Studentenlied78 rpm1905matrix 239r[51]
Gramophone3-42312Franz Wilhelm Abt)78 rpm1905matrix 240r[52]
Gramophone2-42320Zwei dunkle Augen (Carl Heins)78 rpm1905matrix 256q[54]
Gramophone2-42327Die Schöne von New York: Du mein Girl (Gustave Kerker)78 rpm1905matrix 257q[54]
Gramophone2-42322Wem Gott will rechte Gunst erweisen (Mathias Fröhlich)78 rpm1905matrix 260q[53]
Gramophone2-42323O alte Burschenherrlichkeit, Studentenlied78 rpm1905matrix 262q[51]
Gramophone3-42309Zwei dunkle Augen (Carl Heins)78 rpm1905matrix 5h[54]
Gramophone3-42093XMorgenrot, Morgenrot, Volkslied78 rpm1905matrix 17h[51]
Gramophone3-42199Tief im Böhmerwald, Volkslied (Hans Bichert)78 rpm1905matrix 3066L[52]
Gramophone3-42169Der rote Sarafan, russische Volkslied78 rpm-matrix 2662L[51]
Gramophone2-42231Zampa: Reizendes Mädchen (Ferdinand Hérold)78 rpm-matrix 1902k[54]
Victor61151Die Musik kommt78 rpm-[55]
Homokord1135Die Loreley10" 78 rpm-(backed with #1212)[56]
Homokord1212Vom Rhein der Wein10" 78 rpm-(backed with #1135)[56]
HomokordD238Wenn du noch eine Mutter hast10" 78 rpm-(reverse side by Rodulf Wang)[57]
HomokordD240Ach, ich hab sie ja nur auf die Schulter geküsst (C. Millöcker)10" 78 rpm--
HomokordD240Ich weiss ein Herz, für das ich bete10" 78 rpm--
Pathé1056Nun ist's vollbracht (Lortzing)10.5" vertical-cut 78 rpm-(reverse side by Peter Lordmann)[58]
Edison12236Die Zauberflöte: Der Vogelfänger bin ich ja2-minute cylinder-[59]
Edison12262Zwei dunkle Augen2-minute cylinder1907[60]
Edison12264Aria (Pardon de Ploërmel: Ah! mon remords te venge)2-minute cylinder1907[61]
Edison15189Edelweiss2-minute cylinder1908[62]
Edison15197Stolzenfels am Rhein (J. Meissler)2-minute cylinder-[63]
Edison15198Ich sende diese Blume dir (Wagner)2-minute cylinder-[63]
Edison15254Muss I Denn Zum Staedtele Hinaus[64]2-minute cylinder--
Edison 15302 Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern (Philipp Nicolai) 2-minute cylinder
Edison15334Tief Im Böhmerwald2-minute cylinder-[65]
Edison16090Ballad of Nelusko (L'Africaine: Adamastor, roi des vagues profondes)2-minute cylinder~1909[66]
Columbia40510Tannhäuser: O du mein holder Abendstern10" single-sided 78 rpm--
Columbia40515An der Weser Presslsingle-sided 78 rpm--
ColumbiaE2565Die Musik kimmt (Oskar Strauss)10" 78 rpmOctober 29, 1915matrix 46163 take 2[67]
ColumbiaE2565Prinz Eugen, der edle Ritter (Carl Löwe)10" 78 rpmOctober 29, 1915matrix 46164 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE2566Das goldene Kreuz - Lied des Bombardon10" 78 rpmOctober 29, 1915matrix 46165 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE2566Bonn (Wen nur der Rhein nicht wär'...)10" 78 rpmOctober 29, 1915matrix 46166 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE2644Heimweh (Hugo Wolf)10" 78 rpmNovember 1, 1915matrix 46169 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE2644Nachtigallenlied, from "Der Vogelhändler" (Zeller)10" 78 rpmNovember 1, 1915matrix 46170 take 1[67]
ColumbiaA2053Der Trompeter von Säkkingen: Es hat nicht sollen sein10" 78 rpm~April 1916matrix 43921 take 1[67]
ColumbiaA2053O schöne Zeit, o sel'ge Zeit (Götze)10" 78 rpm~April 1916matrix 43922 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE2951Andreas Hofer10" 78 rpm~April 1916matrix 43923[67]
ColumbiaE2951Gott erhalte (Austrian folk hymn)10" 78 rpm~April 1916matrix 43924[67]
ColumbiaE3098Die Schlesischen Zecher und die Teufel (Reissiger)10" 78 rpm~May 1916matrix 43975 take 2[67]
ColumbiaE3098Drei Wanderer10" 78 rpm~May 1916matrix 43978 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE3140Aus der Jugendzeit (Radecke)10" 78 rpm~May 1916matrix 44070 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE3230Vom Rhein beim Wein10" 78 rpm1916[67]
ColumbiaE3230Still wie die Nacht, tief wie das Meer10" 78 rpm1916duet with Julia Kuebler[67]
ColumbiaE3273Sechse, sieben oder acht (Herrmann)10" 78 rpm~May 1916matrix 44069 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE3273Loblied der Polin, from "Der Bettelstudent" (Millöcker)10" 78 rpm~May 1916matrix 44071 take 2[67]
ColumbiaE3320Küssen ist keine Sünd10" 78 rpm-44033 take 1 (duet with Elinor Navarry)
ColumbiaE3320Sei nicht böse10" 78 rpm-44032 take 2 (duet with Elinor Navarry)
ColumbiaE4898Wohlauf noch getrunken - Wanderlied10" 78 rpmOctober 1920matrix 86736 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE4898Loreley10" 78 rpmOctober 1920matrix 86737 take 2[67]
ColumbiaE4935Aus der Jugendzeit10" 78 rpmOctober 1920matrix 86739 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE4935Wenn die Schwalben wiederkehr'n10" 78 rpmDecember 1920matrix 86891 take 2[67]
ColumbiaE4956Die Beiden Grenadiere10" 78 rpmDecember 1920matrix 86874 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE4956Prinz Eugen der Ritter10" 78 rpmDecember 1920matrix 86889 take 3[67]
ColumbiaE4997Reiters Morgenlied10" 78 rpmOctober 1920matrix 86738[67]
ColumbiaE4997Andreas Hofer10" 78 rpmDecember 1920matrix 86875[67]
ColumbiaE7073Der Trompeter von Säkkingen:Behüt' dich Gott10" 78 rpmDecember 1920matrix 86890 take 1[67]
ColumbiaE7073Nachtigall Lied10" 78 rpmDecember 1920matrix 86896 take 2[67]
ColumbiaE7489Der letzte Gruss10" 78 rpmDecember 1920matrix 86873[67]
ColumbiaE7489Einst spielt' ich mit Szepter, from "Zar und Zimmermann"10" 78 rpmDecember 1920matrix 86897[67]
Victor68583Der Trompeter von Säkkingen: Behüt' dich Gott, es wär' zu schön gewesen12" 78 rpmDecember 27, 1921Nathaniel Shilkret, conductor[68]
Victor68583Erlkönig12" 78 rpmDecember 27, 1921Nathaniel Shilkret, conductor[69]
Victor73258Im Prater blüh 'n wieder die Bäume (Kurt Robitschek - Robert Stolz)10" 78 rpmFebruary 21, 1922matrix B 26208 take 2[67]
Victor73258Weisst du, Muatterl, was I träumt hab? (A. Kutschera)10" 78 rpmFebruary 21, 1922matrix B 26208 take 2[67]

References

  1. Laird, Paul R. (2008). The Cambridge Companion to the Musical. Cambridge University Press. p. 49. ISBN 9780521862387.
  2. Kutsch, K.J.; Riemens, Leo (1969). A Concise Biographical Dictionary of Singers. Philadelphia: Chilton Book Company. p. 250. LCCN 79-94106.
  3. "JEMF Quarterly". JEMF Quarterly. John Edwards Memorial Foundation. 15: 229. 1979. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  4. "Many New Operas for Metropolitan". The New York Times. October 6, 1913.
  5. "Hard Voyage for Bremen". The New York Times. November 7, 1913.
  6. "New Baritone Appears". The New York Times. December 27, 1913. p. 18.
  7. "[Met Performance] CID:55450 Hänsel und Gretel {75} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 12/26/1913". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  8. "Caruso Again Sings Canio". The New York Times. January 15, 1914.
  9. "Metropolitan Grand Opera Season Closes; Company Goes to Boston". The Sunday Oregonian. April 16, 1916. p. Section 5 page 7. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  10. "[Met Performance] CID:67430 United States Premiere Mârouf {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/19/1917". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  11. "[Met Performance] CID:67620 United States Stage Premiere Saint Elisabeth {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/3/1918". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  12. "Opera Clears Out 20 Enemy Aliens" (PDF). The New York Times. April 27, 1918. p. 10. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  13. "[Met Performance] CID:76000 La Juive {29} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/15/1920". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  14. Kutsch, K. J.; Riemens, Leo (1975). Unvergängliche Stimmen, Volume 1. Francke. p. 381. ISBN 3772011454. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  15. "Robert Leonhardt, Opera Baritone". The New York Times. February 3, 1923. p. 13.
  16. Blyth, Alan; Walker, Malcolm (1984). Opera on Record 3. Hutchinson. p. 137. ISBN 0091586208.
  17. "Season of Grand Opera Draws Near to Close in New York City". The Sunday Oregonian. April 2, 1916. p. Section 5 page 2. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  18. "Plays and Players". Cambridge Tribune. February 17, 1914. p. 7.
  19. "[Met Performance] CID:55620 Königskinder {33} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/8/1914". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  20. "[Met Performance] CID:55710 Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg {122} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/15/1914". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  21. "[Met Performance] CID:56510 Der Rosenkavalier {9} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/19/1914". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  22. "[Met Performance] CID:56590 United States Premiere (L'Amore Medico)". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  23. "[Met Performance] CID:56900 Die Zauberflöte {43} Metropolitan Opera House: 04/18/1914". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  24. "[Met Performance] CID:58270 La Bohème {131} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/9/1914". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  25. "[Met Performance] CID:58360 Tosca {108} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/17/1914". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  26. "[Met Performance] CID:58650 Carmen {210} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/9/1915". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  27. "[Met Performance] CID:58840 World Premiere Madame Sans-Gêne {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/25/1915". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  28. "[Met Performance] CID:58900 Fidelio {40} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 01/30/1915". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  29. "Siegfried {106} Ring Cycle [42] Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 02/12/1915". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  30. "[Met Performance] CID:59900 L'Oracolo {7} La Bohème {137} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 04/17/1915". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  31. "[Met Performance] CID:61180 Manon {54} Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 11/30/1915". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  32. "[Met Performance] CID:62470 Metropolitan Opera Premiere The Taming of the Shrew {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/15/1916". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  33. "[Met Performance] CID:64130 United States Premiere Iphigénie en Tauride {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/25/1916". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  34. "[Met Performance] CID:64210 Lohengrin {301} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/1/1916". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  35. "[Met Performance] CID:64850 Le Nozze di Figaro {49} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/24/1917". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  36. "[Met Performance] CID:65390 World Premiere The Canterbury Pilgrims {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/8/1917". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  37. Krehbiel, Henry Edward (1919). More Chapters of Opera: Being Historical and Critical Observations and Records Concerning the Lyric Drama in New York from 1908 to 1918. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 370. Retrieved June 11, 2013. robert leonhardt opera.
  38. "[Met Performance] CID:65860 Tristan und Isolde {143} Metropolitan Opera House: 04/13/1917". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  39. Krehbiel, Henry Edward (1919). More Chapters of Opera: Being Historical and Critical Observations and Records Concerning the Lyric Drama in New York from 1908 to 1918. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 398. Retrieved June 11, 2013. robert leonhardt opera.
  40. "[Met Performance] CID:68110 Le Prophète {53} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/15/1918". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  41. "[Met Performance] CID:76560 Parsifal {92} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 12/31/1920". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  42. "[Met Performance] CID:76750 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Louise {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 01/15/1921". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  43. "[Met Performance] CID:77330 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Andrea Chénier {1} Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 03/1/1921". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  44. "[Met Performance] CID:77430 United States Premiere (The Polish Jew) The Polish Jew {1} Il Segreto di Susanna {8} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/9/1921". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  45. "[Met Performance] CID:79050 United States Premiere Die Tote Stadt {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/19/1921". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  46. "[Met Performance] CID:79890 Le Roi d'Ys {3} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/21/1922". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  47. "[Met Performance] CID:79950 Boris Godunov {54} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 01/26/1922". The Metropolitan Opera Archives. The Metropolitan Opera. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  48. Bayly, Ernie; Kinnear, Michael S. (2001). The Zon-o-phone record: a discography of recordings produced by the International Zonophone Company and associated companies in Europe and the Americas, 1901-1903. ISBN 9780957735521.
  49. "Columbia Records". Theatre Magazine. 24: 252. 1916. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  50. "Columbia Record Advertisement". The Saturday Evening Post. 189 (1): 63. 1916. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  51. Kelly, Alan. "The Gramophone Company - Standard German Catalogue (1898-1929) - Recordings for which the composer is not stated". operadis-opera-discography.org.uk. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  52. Kelly, Alan. "The Gramophone Company - Standard German Catalogue (1898-1929) - composers A-D". operadis-opera-discography.org.uk. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  53. Kelly, Alan. "The Gramophone Company - Standard German Catalogue (1898-1929) - composers E-G". operadis-opera-discography.org.uk. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  54. Kelly, Alan. "The Gramophone Company - Standard German Catalogue (1898-1929) - composers H-K". operadis-opera-discography.org.uk. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  55. "New Victor Records (advertisement)". The Outing Magazine. Outing Publishing company. 47: 258. 1905. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  56. Nauck, Kurt (2009). Vintage Record Auction #45. Spring, TX. Page 26.
  57. Nauck, Kurt (2004). Vintage Record Auction #36. Spring, TX. Page 26.
  58. Nauck, Kurt (2007). Vintage Record Auction #42. Spring, TX. Page 50.
  59. "Der Vogelfänger bin ich ja". Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project. Donald C. Davidson Library, University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  60. "Zwei dunkle Augen". Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project. Donald C. Davidson Library, University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  61. "Arie". Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project. Donald C. Davidson Library, University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  62. "Edelweiss". Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project. Donald C. Davidson Library, University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  63. Thomas A. Edison, Inc (1978). Edison Amberola Monthly Vol. 5.
  64. "Gesang muss i denn zum Staedtele hinaus". Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project. Donald C. Davidson Library, University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  65. Nauck, Kurt (2009). Vintage Record Auction #45. Spring, TX. Page 111.
  66. "Ballade des Nelusko". Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project. Donald C. Davidson Library, University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  67. Spottswood, Richard K. (1990). Ethnic Music on Records, a Discography of Ethnic Recordings Produced in the United States, 1893 to 1942; Vol. 1 - Western Europe. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 185–186. ISBN 0-252-01719-6.
  68. "Es hat nicht sollen sein". National Jukebox. Library of Congress. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  69. "Erlkönig". National Jukebox. Library of Congress. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.