Robert Redfield

Robert Redfield (December 4, 1897 – October 16, 1958) was an American anthropologist and ethnolinguist, whose ethnographic work in Tepoztlán, Mexico is considered a landmark of Latin American ethnography.[1] He was associated with the University of Chicago for his entire career: all of his higher education took place there, and he joined the faculty in 1927 and remained there until his death in 1958, serving as Dean of Social Sciences from 1934–1946.[2]

This article is about the American anthropologist. For the American virologist and medical researcher, see Robert R. Redfield.
Robert Redfield
Born(1897-12-04)December 4, 1897
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedOctober 16, 1958(1958-10-16) (aged 60)
Chicago, Illinois
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Chicago (JD, PhD)
Children4, including Lisa and James
Scientific career
Fields
InstitutionsUniversity of Chicago

Career

In 1923 he and his wife Margaret traveled to Mexico, where he met Manuel Gamio, a Mexican anthropologist who had studies with Franz Boas. Redfield graduated from the University of Chicago with a degree in Communication Studies, eventually with a J.D. from its law school and then a Ph.D. in cultural anthropology, which he began to teach in 1927. After a series of published field studies from Mexican communities (Tepoztlán in Morelos and Chan Kom in Yucatán), in 1953 he published The Primitive World and its Transformation and in 1956, Peasant Society and Culture. Moving further into a broader synthesis of disciplines, Redfield embraced a forum for interdisciplinary thought that included archeology, anthropological linguistics, physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, and ethnology.

Redfield wrote in 1955 about his own experience doing research in Latin America on peasants. As he did research, he realized he had been trained to treat the society as an isolated culture. However, he found people were involved with trade, and there were connections between villages and states. More than that, the village culture was not bounded. Beliefs and practices were not isolated. Redfield realized it did not make sense to study people as isolated units, but rather it would be better to understand a broader perspective. Traditionally, anthropologists studied folk ways in the "little tradition", taking into account broader civilization, the "great tradition". He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950.[3]

Personal life

Redfield was the son-in-law of University of Chicago sociologist Robert E. Park. Redfield and his wife Margaret were the parents of Lisa Redfield Peattie, Professor Emerita at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; James M. Redfield, a professor of classics at the University of Chicago; and Joanna Redfield Gutmann (1930–2009). Another son, Robert (called Tito), died at the age of twelve from injuries suffered in a sledding accident.

Redfield died in October 1958 from complications of lymphatic leukemia.[4]

The papers of Robert Redfield and Margaret Redfield are located at the Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.

Published works

Redfield's published works include:

  • Tepoztlan, a Mexican village: A study in folk life Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (1930)
  • Folk Cultures of the Yucatán. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (1948)
  • "The primitive world and its transformations 1953", Cornell University Press Ithaca, N.Y. (1953)
  • The Role of Cities in Economic Development and Cultural Change Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (1954)
  • The little community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (1956)
  • Talk with a Stranger. Stamford, Connecticut: Overbrook Press. (1958)

See also

References
  1. Delpar, Helen (2008). Looking South: The Evolution of Latin Americanist Scholarship in the United States, 1850–1975. University of Alabama Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8173-5464-0. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
  2. "Robert Redfield–Anthropology". University of Chicago Centennial Catalogues. University of Chicago Library. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  3. "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter R" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  4. "ROBERT REDFIELD, EDUCATOR, IS DEAD; Anthropologist at the U. of Chicago 1927-49 Studied Concept of Folk Society". The New York Times. October 17, 1958. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  • Rees, David, ed. (2006). The Ethnographic Moment: Robert Redfield and F.G. Friedmann. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0333-7. OCLC 64390592.
  • Rubinstein, Robert A., ed. (2001). Doing Fieldwork: The Correspondence of Robert Redfield and Sol Tax. with a foreword by Lisa Redfield Peattie ; and a new introduction by the editor. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0735-9. OCLC 47764364.
  • Wilcox, Clifford (2006). Robert Redfield and the Development of American Anthropology (2nd, revised ed.). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1777-4. OCLC 76941853.
  • Wolf, Eric R.; Nathaniel Tarn (2004). "Robert Redfield". In Sydel Silverman (ed.). Totems and Teachers: Key Figures in the History of Anthropology (2nd ed.). Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. pp. 177–198. ISBN 978-0-7591-0459-4. OCLC 52373442.
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