Robert Smith Todd

Robert Smith Todd (February 25, 1791 – July 17, 1849) was an American lawyer, soldier, banker, businessman and politician who was the father of First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln.

Robert Smith Todd
Undated Daguerreotype of Todd
Member of the Kentucky Senate
for Fayette County
In office
1848–1849
Personal details
Born(1791-02-25)February 25, 1791
Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.
DiedJuly 17, 1849(1849-07-17) (aged 58)
Liberty Heights, Kentucky
Political partyWhig
Spouse(s)
Elizabeth Parker
​
​
(m. 1812; died 1825)​

Elizabeth Humphreys
​
​
(m. 1826; his death 1849)​
RelationsJohn Todd (uncle)
Robert Todd (uncle)
Children17, including Mary
ParentsLevi Todd
Jane Briggs Todd
Residence578 West Main Street
Alma materTransylvania College

Early life

Todd was born on February 25, 1791 in Lexington, a year before Kentucky became a state. He was the third of six sons born to Gen. Levi Todd (1756–1807) and Jane (née Briggs) Todd (1761–1800).[1] A year after his mother's death in 1800, his father remarried to Jane Holmes. Among the eleven children his father had between his two wives, was sister Jane Todd, who married congressman Daniel Breck.[2]

A source of much family pride, his father fought in the American Revolutionary War under the command of Brigadier General George Rogers Clark. After the War, his father and his uncles, John and Robert Todd, helped found present-day Lexington and became leading landowners and prominent statesmen in the state of Kentucky prior to its admission into the United States in 1792. Through his brother, Dr. John Todd, he was the uncle of U.S. Representative and Union General John Blair Smith Todd.[3]

When only fourteen years old, Todd began attending Transylvania College in Lexington, graduating four years later when he was eighteen.[1]

Career

Todd studied law, first by apprenticing in the office of Thomas Bodley, the clerk of Fayette County (and a cousin by marriage of his first wife, Eliza), and second with prominent jurist George Bibb, the chief justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals (later a U.S. Senator and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury in the 1840s).[1] He was admitted to the bar on September 28, 1811, however, Todd never practiced, instead, choosing to go into business.[1]

Military service

Even before what became known as the War of 1812 started, Todd was active in a militia company that eventually merged into the Lexington light artillery of the 5th Kentucky Regiment. In the winter of 1811 to 1812, he asked to be recommended for a commission from Senator Henry Clay through Parker family members.[1]

In July 1812, when the 5th Kentucky Regiment left Lexington, it contained Robert, three of his brothers, and eight Todd cousins. Initially, Todd himself did not receive his officer commission, although his two older brothers did, so along with his younger brother Samuel, he enlisted as a private. Before he could leave Ohio though, he caught pneumonia and had to stay there to recover. After recovering (and during which time he returned home to marry Eliza Parker), he went to the Front and fought in the Battle of Frenchtown in Michigan in January 1813 and later, the Battle of the Thames (where Tecumseh died) in the fall of 1813.[1] Before the War ended, he was promoted to Captain.[4]

Business and politics

After the War ended, Todd began running a dry goods store with his partner, Bird Smith, and frequently traveled to New Orleans to buy French brandies, Dutch gin, and green coffee, which they sold in Lexington and Todd used to entertain many prominent friends with at his home.[1] He later became a partner in a cotton manufacturing company near the Ohio River and by 1835, he served as president of the Lexington branch of the Bank of Kentucky.[5] In 1827, he was appointed a trustee to his alma mater, Transylvania University, alongside Henry Clay and Charles A. Wickliffe.[1]

A close friend of John J. Crittenden,[lower-alpha 1] he was also involved in local politics as a justice of the peace and sheriff.[5] Todd spent over twenty years working as the clerk of the Kentucky House of Representatives in Frankfort, Kentucky before he was later elected as a Whig to the state assembly (for three terms[2]) then to a single term in the Kentucky Senate in 1848.[6]

Personal life

On November 13, 1812, Todd was married to his second cousin, Elizabeth "Eliza" Parker (1794–1825). Eliza was the daughter of Robert Porter Parker, a prominent landowner and merchant who had died in 1800. Eliza’s mother, Elizabeth Rittenhouse (née Porter) Parker,[7] a daughter of Col. Andrew Porter remained unmarried until her death in 1850.[8][lower-alpha 2] Together, Eliza and Robert were the parents of eight children, five of whom survived to maturity, before her death in 1825, from complications during George’s birth. Their children were:[5]

  • Elizabeth Todd (1813–1888), who married Ninian Edwards Jr., the son of the Illinois Governor Ninian Edwards.[11]
  • Robert Smith Todd Jr. (1814–1814), who died in infancy.
  • Levi Oldham Todd (1816–1864), who married Louise Searle and remained in Lexington until his death.[12]
  • Frances Jane Todd (1817–1899), who married Dr. William Smith Wallace.[13]
  • Mary Ann Todd (1818–1882), who married Abraham Lincoln, later the 16th President of the United States.
  • Ann Maria Todd Smith (1820–1891), who married Clark Moulton Smith, a successful merchant.[13]
  • Robert Parker Todd (1821–1822), who died in infancy.[5]
  • George Rogers Clark Todd (1825–1900), a surgeon who served in a Confederate hospital in South Carolina.[14]

Six months after the death of his first wife, he proposed to Elizabeth "Betsy" Humphreys, and they married on November 1, 1826.[15] Betsy was the daughter of Dr. Alexander Humphreys and Mary (née Brown) Humphreys. Her maternal uncle was John Brown.[lower-alpha 3] Together, Betsy and Robert were the parents of nine additional children, eight of whom survived to maturity:[5]

  • Robert Humphrey Todd (1827–1827), who died in infancy.[5]
  • Margaret Todd (1828–1904), who married Charles Henry Kellogg.[14]
  • Samuel Brown Todd (1830–1862), a Confederate soldier who was killed on the second day of the Battle of Shiloh.[13]
  • David Humphreys Todd (1832–1871), a commandant of the Richmond prisons.[13]
  • Martha Todd (1833–1868), who married C. B. White of Alabama.[2]
  • Emilie Pariet Todd (1836–1930), who married Confederate Gen. Benjamin Hardin Helm, and son of the Kentucky Governor John L. Helm.[13]
  • Alexander Humphreys Todd (1839–1862), a Confederate soldier killed near Baton Rouge.[13]
  • Elodie Breck Todd (1840–1877), who married Brig. General Nathaniel Henry Rhodes Dawson, later the third U.S. Commissioner of Education.[16][17]
  • Catherine Bodley Todd (1841–1875), who married William Wallace Herr.[13]

In 1832, Todd purchased a three-story, fourteen room, brick residence at 578 West Main Street in Lexington. The new Todd family home was built c. 1803 – c. 1806 as an inn and tavern and known as "The Sign of the Green Tree".[5] Today, the home has been preserved and is known as the Mary Todd Lincoln House.[5]

Todd died suddenly from cholera on July 17, 1849, aged 58, in Liberty Heights, a neighborhood in Lexington.[18]

References
Notes
  1. Robert's cousin, John Harris Todd (1795–1824), a son of Supreme Court Justice Thomas Todd, was married to Maria Knox Innes (a daughter of Harry Innes). After John Harris Todd's death in 1824, Maria married Robert's close friend, and fellow widower, John J. Crittenden in 1826, two weeks after Robert's second marriage. Crittenden was the Secretary of State of Kentucky in the 1830s and later, after Todd's death, he served as Governor of Kentucky, U.S. Attorney General, a U.S. Representative and a U.S. Senator.[1]
  2. Eliza's mother, Elizabeth Rittenhouse (née Porter) Parker was a half-sister of David Rittenhouse Porter (1788–1867), a Governor of Pennsylvania, George Bryan Porter (1791–1834), a Governor of the Michigan Territory, and James Madison Porter (1793–1862), a U.S. Secretary of War under President John Tyler.[9][10]
  3. Betsy's uncle, John Brown, was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Kentucky who served as President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate. He was the father of Mason Brown (1799–1867), the Secretary of State of Kentucky, and Orlando Brown (1801–1867), the publisher and historian, both first cousins of Betsy.[5]
Sources
  1. Baker, Jean H. (1989). Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 3, 8, 12, 26, 35. ISBN 9780393305869. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  2. Green, Thomas Marshall (1889). "The Logans". Historic Families of Kentucky. R. Clarke & Company. pp. 215–216. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  3. Clift, Garrett Glenn (2009). Remember the Raisin! Kentucky and Kentuckians in the Battles and Massacre at Frenchtown, Michigan Territory, in the War of 1812. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 130. ISBN 9780806345208. Dr. John Todd ... His brother, Robert S. Todd, was the father of Mary Todd, wife of Abraham Lincoln. ... Dr. John and Elizabeth Smith Todd had six children: John Blair Smith Todd ...
  4. McClure's Magazine. S. S. McClure, Limited. 1898. p. 477. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  5. "The Todd Family". www.mtlhouse.org. Mary Todd Lincoln House. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  6. Watson, Robert W. (2007). White House Studies Compendium. Nova Publishers. p. 335. ISBN 9781600215339. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  7. Evans, W. A. (2010). Mrs. Abraham Lincoln: A Study of Her Personality and Her Influence on Lincoln. SIU Press. ISBN 9780809385607. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  8. Sons of the Revolution Pennsylvania Society (1898). Decennial Register of the Pennsylvania Society of Sons of the Revolution: 1888-1898. F. B. Lippincott. p. 79. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  9. Unrue, Darlene Harbour (2010). Katherine Anne Porter Remembered. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 9780817316679. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  10. Blumenthal, Sidney (2017). A Self-Made Man: The Political Life of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I, 1809–1849. Simon and Schuster. p. 213. ISBN 9781476777269. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  11. "Eisenhower Thanks Mary Lincoln's Niece for the Gift of a 'Truly Historic Memento', 1952". Shapell Manuscript Collection. Shapell Manuscript Foundation.
  12. Billings, Roger; Williams, Frank J. (2010). Abraham Lincoln, Esq.: The Legal Career of America's Greatest President. University Press of Kentucky. p. 212. ISBN 9780813139937. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  13. Draper, Kenneth E. (2012). The Pike's Peakers and the Rocky Mountain Rangers: A History of Colorado in the Civil War. Xlibris Corporation. p. 34. ISBN 9781477102336. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  14. Neely, Jr (Winter 1996). "The Secret Treason of Abraham Lincoln's Brother-in-Law". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 17 (1): 39–43. ISSN 1945-7987. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  15. Sword, Wiley (2007). Southern Invincibility: A History of the Confederate Heart. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9781429981408. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  16. "Elodie Todd Dawson Monument in Selma's Old Live Oak Cemetery". RuralSWAlabama.org. RuralSWAlabama. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  17. Kazek, Kelly (July 16, 2015). "13 of Alabama's most photographed cemetery monuments". al.com. Alabama Media Group. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  18. Ellison, Betty Boles (2014). The True Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography. McFarland. p. 74. ISBN 9781476615172. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
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