Rolling Acres Mall

Rolling Acres Mall was a shopping mall located in the Rolling Acres area of Akron, Ohio, United States. Built in 1975, it originally included approximately 21 stores, with Sears as the main anchor store. Later expansions added several more stores including anchor stores J. C. Penney, Montgomery Ward, and O'Neil's, along with a movie theater and food court. Montgomery Ward was converted to Higbee's in 1986, and then to Dillard's in 1992, while O'Neil's became May Company Ohio, Kaufmann's, and then finally Macy's. The fifth anchor store was Target, added in 1995. At its peak, the mall had over 140 stores. It underwent a sharp decline in tenancy throughout the 1990s and into the first decade of the 21st century, resulting in the relocation of Target and closure of Dillard's. Both the mall itself and Macy's were shuttered in 2008, although Sears remained operational until 2011, and J. C. Penney as an outlet store until 2013. Rolling Acres Mall was publicized after its closure as an example of a dead mall, and non-retail ventures operated out of the former locations of Target, Sears, and Dillard's. The mall was finally demolished in stages between 2017 and 2019, except for the former Sears.

Rolling Acres Mall
Boarded front entrance to Rolling Acres Mall in March 2014.
LocationAkron, Ohio, U.S.
Coordinates41.0488°N 81.5839°W / 41.0488; -81.5839
Address2400 Romig Road
Opening dateAugust 6, 1975 (1975-08-06)
Closing dateOctober 31, 2008 (2008-10-31)
(12 years, 3 months)
DeveloperForest City Enterprises and Richard Buchholzer
OwnerCity of Akron
No. of stores and services140 at max.
No. of anchor tenants5 at max.
Total retail floor area1,300,000 square feet (120,000 m2) (approx.)
No. of floors2 (1 in former Storage of America (Target), former Old Main Storage (Dillard's), and Pinnacle Recycling (Sears))
Parking7,500
[1]

History

Rolling Acres Mall was developed by Forest City Enterprises and Akron, Ohio-based developer Richard B. Buchholzer. The developers chose the 260-acre (110 ha) site, along Romig Road on Akron's southwestern side, between 1964 and 1966 after conducting studies which revealed that several major department stores had expressed interest in that area.[2] In 1971, Buchholzer received a $500,000 permit to begin clearing and grading land along Romig Road for the mall's site. Developers also had to acquire two other permits from the city: one to excavate earth required to build the mall, and another for construction. In addition, the city of Akron budgeted $1.1 million toward highway and sewer improvements along Romig Road, to accommodate for the projected traffic increases brought on by the mall's opening.[3] By mid-1973, Sears had been confirmed as the mall's first anchor store.[4] Construction of the mall required the relocation of two natural gas lines.[2] Serving as architect was the Keeva Kekst Association of Cleveland, Ohio.[2]

Due to the slow speed at which Forest City Enterprises had begun land clearing and construction, then-city councilman Ray Kapper sent a letter to the developers in July 1973, threatening to repeal the zoning permit for the mall.[5] Kapper later withdrew the repeal after representatives of Forest City Enterprises agreed to sign an assessment that included written plans for the mall's timeline. At this point, company representative Mel Roebuck had announced that in addition to Sears and 60 other stores, the mall would contain a J. C. Penney, and that development beyond land clearing would begin within a month.[6] J. C. Penney would relocate from Wooster-Hawkins Plaza, a plaza located about 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north. This announcement caused concern among retailers at that plaza, particularly since its other anchor store had gone out of business.[7] Construction of the mall cost over $100 million and employed over 1,200 workers.[8]

1970s

The first phase of the mall, consisting of Sears and 21 other stores, opened to the public on August 6, 1975. Among the tenants open for business on that day were Sears, Rite Aid, Kinney Shoes, Chess King, Thom McAn, Waldenbooks, Claire's, B. Dalton, GNC, The Limited, and Jo-Ann Fabrics.[9] The design of the mall featured a central court known as the Court of Twelve Trees, decorated with twelve Ficus microcarpa trees, along with planters, skylights, and a fountain.[8] Altogether, the mall was to include over 120 tenants.[2]

J. C. Penney opened its 178,000-square-foot (16,500 m2) department store in January 1976, at which point the inner mall had over 50 tenants.[10] In August 1976, General Cinema Corporation opened a three-screen movie theater at the mall, known as the Rolling Acres Cinemas.[11] Construction on O'Neil's department store, located on the south end, began in July 1977,[12] and a 126,000-square-foot (11,700 m2) Montgomery Ward opened in October 1977.[13] The mall also included a space along the south wing for a fifth anchor, along with an elevated section along the southern wing known as the Promenade, which included more retail space for a total of 144 stores.[14] Upon opening in 1978, the Promenade section of the mall featured predominantly local and regional shops, along with Motherhood Maternity, Spencer Gifts, and a food court originally known as the Prom-n-Eat,[15] but renamed by 1981 to Picnic Place.[16]

1980s – early 1990s

The opening of Montgomery Ward at the mall had resulted in that chain converting its existing Akron-area store at Akron Square Plaza into an outlet store which sold damaged, returned, or overstocked items from other stores. By 1980, the chain had decided to convert all of its eastern Ohio stores, including both Akron locations, to its discount division Jefferson Ward. Under this format, the stores were to include a greater emphasis on self-service shopping, with cash registers located solely at the exits instead of in each department.[17] Montgomery Ward reversed this decision a year later as part of a plan to reassess the chain's profitability.[18] Both stores were closed in early 1986 and the Rolling Acres Mall store was sold to Higbee's, which opened later the same year.[19] The store was the twelfth in the Higbee's chain, and the first new store in over four years. After the store opened, mall management began attracting more fashion-oriented tenants to the mall, including Lane Bryant, Lerner New York, and Limited Express (all then under the same ownership as existing mall tenant The Limited), along with Caren Charles and Petite Sophisticate, two clothing chains then owned by the United States Shoe Corporation. In addition to these, the mall underwent a thorough renovation that replaced its existing earth-toned decor with blue and purple tones, while also undergoing a relandscaping of the exterior.[20] This was followed in 1989 by the acquisition and renaming of the O'Neil's stores to May Company Ohio.[21]

In a cost-cutting measure, Rolling Acres Mall stopped using off-duty police officers and instead relied on cheaper security guards, starting in 1991.[22] During a showing of the film New Jack City, two movie patrons got into a fight outside of the cinema. A panicked crowd ran through the mall after patrons mistook the sound of a metal sign falling over for the sound of a gunshot.[23][24][25]

The Kaufmann's store in 2006.

Two anchor stores changed names between 1992 and 1993: Dillard's purchased and renamed the entire Higbee's chain,[26] while May Department Stores Company consolidated the May Company Ohio stores into Kaufmann's, which they also owned at the time.[27] Forest City Enterprises refinanced the mall in 1994, putting the money towards the development of several new restaurants inside the mall's food court.[28] General Cinema Corporation closed the mall's movie theater in mid-1993, saying that it had been unprofitable for years due to its smaller size relative to other multiplex theaters in the area. Prior to the closure, the company had attempted to run it as a discount theater showing second-run movies for 99 cents, but doing so attracted homeless people and urban youth, both of whom would often loiter in the theater for extended periods. Combined with the theater riot two years prior, this caused a preconception among patrons and merchants that the mall had begun catering more heavily to teenagers and African Americans.[29]

Mid-1990s – mid-2000s: Addition of Target and decline
Rolling Acres Cinema building as it appeared in January 2014

The fifth and final anchor store to open at the mall was Target, which began construction in 1994 and opened in 1995. It was connected to the rest of the mall by a 21,000-square-foot (2,000 m2) passageway that included new storefronts.[30] This store was part of an expansion by that chain into northeastern Ohio, which was to comprise about 20 stores in total. Target representatives noted that the stores would contain merchandise mixes fitting the stores' demographics, which would be reflected in the Rolling Acres Mall location carrying cosmetics, clothing, and music that would cater to the area's predominantly African-American demographics.[31] Despite the addition of this new store, the mall began losing tenants, and both Dillard's and J. C. Penney downgraded their respective stores to outlet stores between 1997 and 1999. Although J. C. Penney had operated several outlet stores at the time, the Rolling Acres Mall store was only the third such one to be converted from a conventional store, and employees of the store at the time told the Akron Beacon Journal that the store had experienced declining sales for many years prior to its conversion.[32]

The mall was sold to Banker Trust of New York in 2000 for $33.5 million, who gave the mall a new logo as well as a website.[33][34] Also, an independent group called Blind Squirrel Cinema reopened the mall's movie theaters.[25] By November 2001, a buyer was sought by Bankers Trust. In September 2002, North Carolina businessman Heywood Whichard and his family purchased Rolling Acres for $2.75 million. A 2002 news article in The Akron Beacon Journal described the mall and the area around it as having "faltered since the early 1990s" due to perceptions of high crime and lack of renovations to the mall, compared to the renovations that Chapel Hill Mall and Summit Mall had both received in the 1990s.[35][36] At the time of purchase by Heywood Whichard, Rolling Acres was about 65 percent occupied. The same article also noted that Heywood Whichard had a track record of buying faltering malls at low prices and making no attempt to revitalize them, to the point that many of their properties were ultimately demolished or converted to non-retail use.[36] In 2003, the mall's cinemas, which once again closed last year, reopened under new ownership, but closed for the final time in mid 2008.

2006–2017: Closure and demolition
Former JCPenney Outlet building, January 2014

The first anchor to leave the mall was Target, which relocated to nearby Wadsworth in February 2006. Dillard's closed in August 2006,[37] one month before Kaufmann's was re-branded as Macy's as the parent company of Kaufmann's was acquired. This Macy's, however, closed in March 2008 due to poor sales.[28][38] Michael Mirharooni's Invest Commercial LLC, a real estate developer from California, bought the facility in July 2006 for $1.6 million.[28][39][40] Invest Commercial bought the mall using a loan from Ezri Namvar's fraudulent Namco Capital Group.[28][41] At the time of purchase, the mall had about 40 remaining tenants, including Dollar General, MasterCuts, Deb Shops, Bath & Body Works, Zales Jewelers, Subway, Hershey's Ice Cream, GNC, and FootAction USA, along with a number of local independent stores. Under Mirharooni's ownership, proposals were made to convert the mall to offices, light industrial, or call centers. As part of the sale, Invest Commercial also paid over $600,000 in property taxes that had gone unpaid by Heywood Whichard.[42] In 2007, a homeless man was found living in an abandoned store, with over $30,000 in merchandise that he had stolen from other mall merchants.[43]

By October 2008, only eight tenants remained, including Diamond's Menswear and Digital Palace.[35] At this point, all of them were informed that the mall could no longer afford its electricity bill, and it would be closing as soon as possible. On October 31, 2008,[28] the mall closed except for Sears and the J. C. Penney outlet. On April 23, 2009, it was announced that the mall had been auctioned online, and that several people showed interest in buying it for various purposes. The mall was set to be auctioned off on May 1, 2009.[39] No bids were placed for the mall.[44] The building was sold to Premier Ventures LLC of California in November 2010. The company announced plans to use the existing structure.[45] The company did not pay taxes on the property, including the back taxes owed to 2006, and as a result the city of Akron began foreclosure proceedings in September 2013.[46]

Shortly after the 2010 sale, Sears announced it would be closing its location at the mall, and it closed on April 3, 2011.[47] J. C. Penney announced in January 2011 that it would eliminate all outlet stores;[48] nine months later, SB Capital Group purchased all J. C. Penney Outlet Stores with plans to rename them and continue to operate them, including the Rolling Acres store, under the name JC's 5 Star Outlet.[49] This venture was also unsuccessful, and all of the JC's 5 Star Outlet locations were closed in 2013.[49][50] On December 31, 2013, the store was closed, which left the entire mall vacant.[51]

Storage of America (former Target) at Rolling Acres Mall in March 2014

A sheriff's sale was set to be held in October 2014, but was called off because of a filed bankruptcy on the part of Premier. The city attempted another sheriff's sale in March 2015 but it was again delayed to June 16, 2015 by an incorrect dismissal of the previous bankruptcy case.[52] On June 16, the mall was once again pulled from sheriff's sale at the last second by a second bankruptcy filing by the owner.[53] Subsequent sheriff's sales on August 6 and October 6 also failed at the last minute by bankruptcy filings.[54] An agreement was reached in November 2015 to force the sale of the mall while legally barring Premier from filing for bankruptcy until two months after sales proceedings ended.

The mall was widely documented during its period of abandonment as an example of the dead mall phenomenon. From 2012–2016, Cleveland-based photographer Johnny Joo documented the continuing deterioration of the mall throughout the seasons.[55][56] Other photos taken of the abandoned mall by photographer Seph Lawless, whose pictures "soon began circulating on social media and the web pages of national news outlets."[35]

After subsequent sheriff's sales failed in mid-2016, the mall was foreclosed by Summit County on June 26, 2016. This transferred ownership to City of Akron who, the council said they would seek to work with a developer and that the buildings would be demolished.[57][58] Four former department store buildings are still owned by other companies. In September 2016, J. C. Penney gave its building to the city of Akron. The J. C. Penney demolition happened after the mall area was completely demolished.[51]

Later in 2017, demolition had finished.[59] The former J. C. Penney building demolition began in August 2017, with full demolition on the property completed in October.[60] The former Target was in use as a Storage of America facility until 2017.[61][62] The former Sears hosts Pinnacle Paper Recycling Company.[63] Also, the former Dillard's hosted Old Main Storage, a private storage company until November 2018.[64] In January 2019, the former Macy's was demolished while the former Dillard's and Target buildings were demolished in February.[65] Only the former Sears building remained.

2019: Amazon

In 2019, it was rumored that Amazon planned to develop a distribution facility on the site of the former mall.[66] On July 22, 2019, a statement was issued by the city of Akron that Amazon had officially acquired the land of the former demolished mall. Construction on the new distribution center began in September. Approximately 1,500 jobs were to become available when construction was completed.[67] The center opened November 1, 2020.[68]

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