Rowland FitzEustace, 1st Baron Portlester

Rowland FitzEustace, 1st Baron Portlester (c. 1430 – 19 December 1496) was an Irish peer, statesman and judge. He was one of the dominant political figures in late fifteenth-century Ireland, rivalled in influence only by his son-in-law, the "Great" Earl of Kildare.

Funeral effigy of Rowland Fitzeustace (above) and his third wife Margaret or Marguerite d'Artois (below), in St. Audoen's Church, Dublin (Church of Ireland)

Career

FitzEustace was the eldest son of Sir Edward FitzEustace of Castlemartin, County Kildare, Lord Deputy of Ireland, and his wife Alicia. He belonged to one of the most prominent of the "Old English" families of the Pale, which had several branches. He was called to the Bar in England in about 1454, and soon afterwards became Chief Clerk to the Court of King's Bench. He was appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland and Lord Treasurer of Ireland by King Edward IV of England in 1474 and was elevated to the Irish peerage as Baron Portlester in 1462. In the latter year he was accused of treason, but defended himself with such vigour that the charges were dropped: similar charges made against him in 1470 were not pursued.[1] In 1474 he was a founder member of the Brotherhood of Saint George, a short -lived military order charged with the defence of the Pale, the only part of Ireland which was under secure English rule.

In 1478 when his son-in-law, Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare was replaced as Lord Deputy of Ireland by Lord Grey, Portlester organised a campaign of non-co-operation with the new Deputy. When Grey ordered him to hand over the Great Seal of Ireland, Portlester refused point blank, thus making the conduct of official business impossible. The King went to considerable lengths to support Grey. He ordered Thomas Archbold, the Master of the Royal Mint in Ireland, to strike a new Great Seal, declaring that the Seal held by Portlester was annulled, and that all acts passed under it were utterly void; but these efforts were to no avail. So effective was the campaign of obstruction that after a few months Lord Grey was forced to return to England.[2]

Portlester was reappointed Chancellor by Henry VII, but later removed because of his part in the crowning of the pretender, Lambert Simnel, as King Edward VI of England, on 24 May 1487. This coronation took place in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Ireland. Nearly every noble and Prince in Ireland took part in the ceremony. Simnel invaded England with an Irish army which was crushed at the Battle of Stoke. Henry VII was magnanimous in victory, sparing Simnel's life and issuing pardons to Portlester and his fellow peers;[3] but he decided to split the offices held by Lord Portlester between Alexander Plunket and Sir James Ormond.[4] Portlester nonetheless remained an influential figure for the remaining decade of his life, and was able to fight off an attack on his record as Treasurer in 1493.

Family

He was married three times.[5] His wives were:

  • Elizabeth Brune, daughter of John Brune
  • Joan (or Jenet) Bellew of Bellewstown, widow of Christopher Plunket, 2nd Baron Killeen, whom he married in 1463
  • Margaret (or Marguerite) d'Artois, granddaughter and heiress of the Gascon-born knight Sir Jenico d'Artois, and widow of Sir John Dowdall, whom he married sometime after 1467. This marriage brought him a considerable increase in his landholdings, since Margaret through her mother Jane Serjeant was heiress to half of the lands of Castleknock, County Dublin, although her right to hold the lands was disputed by the Barnewall family.

He had issue by all of his wives, but it is uncertain which wife was the actual mother of each particular child.[6] His only legitimate son, Richard, died young.

His daughters were:

  • Alice, or Alison, married Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare.[7]
  • Joan, married Richard Plunkett, 2nd Baron of Dunsany
  • Jenet, married Sir Walter Delahide: they both played an important role in the rebellion of the Earl of Kildare's grandson, Silken Thomas, and Jenet died in prison under suspicion of treason.
  • Margaret, married Christopher Rochfort
  • Maud, married Thomas Marward, titular Baron Skryne

He also had an illegitimate son:

The barony became extinct on his death in 1496, but his nephew Thomas, son of his brother Richard, was created Viscount Baltinglass in 1541. Sir Maurice Eustace, a wealthy and influential member of the FitzEustace clan who became Lord Chancellor of Ireland, accepted the title Baron Portlester at the Restoration of Charles II, but then changed his mind, apparently because, like Rowland, he had no legitimate son to succeed him.

Reputation

Elrington Ball regarded him as perhaps the most important Irish political figure during his 40-year career, more influential even than his son-in-law, the "Great Earl of Kildare."

Memorial

There is a memorial to him and his third wife Margaret d'Artois in St. Audoen's Church, Dublin, erected by him in gratitude for his preservation from shipwreck near the site.[8] He founded New Abbey, Kilcullen, where he is buried. His estates passed to his nephew Thomas Eustace, 1st Viscount Baltinglass.

References
  1. Otway-Ruthven, A.J. History of Medieval Ireland Barnes and Noble Reissue 1993 p. 389
  2. Otway-Ruthven p.398
  3. Gilbert, John Thomas "Roland FitzEustace" Dictionary of National Biography 1885–1900 Vol. 18 p.53
  4. O'Flanagan, J. Roderick The Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of Ireland 2 Volumes London 1870
  5. Gilbert p.53
  6. Gilbert p.53
  7. Ball, F. Elrington The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921 John Murray London 1926
  8. Report (18 February 1875). "Eustace Family". The Irish Times. p. 5.
Peerage of Ireland
New creation Baron Portlester
1462–1496		 Extinct
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