SSZ class airship

The SSZ (Sea Scout Zero) non-rigid airships or "blimps" were developed in United Kingdom during World War I from the earlier SS ("Sea Scout") class. The main role of these craft was to escort convoys and scout or search for German U-Boats. A secondary purpose was to detect and destroy mines.[1]

SSZ class
Role Patrol airship
National origin United Kingdom
First flight 1916
Primary user Royal Navy
Number built 77

Design and development
SSZ 8 airship cockpit, Alberta, Canada


SSZ 17 landing at Pembroke, 1917. Note the boat-shaped car and scoop to supply air to the ballonets.

The SSZ was built at the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) airship station at Capel-le-Ferne[2] near Folkestone to the design of three officers that were serving there[3] as a successor to the SS class.[4]

Similar to other SS class types, the SSZs had an envelope of 70,000 cu ft (2,000 m3) capacity containing two ballonets of 6,375 cu ft (180.5 m3) each;[5] and like the SSPs, the fuel was contained in aluminium tanks slung on the axis of the envelope.[6]

The design of the car was a departure from that of other SS types. It was streamlined, boat-shaped and watertight, was floored from end-to-end, and was enclosed with sides of fabric-covered 8-ply wood[3] or aluminium. The car was comfortable and accommodated a 3-man crew – the forward position being occupied by the wireless operator/gunner with the pilot seated amidships, and the engineer was stationed at the rear.[6]

A single water-cooled 75 hp (56 kW) Rolls-Royce Hawk engine was mounted on bearers above the level of the rear of the car, and drove a 9 ft (2.7 m) diameter four-bladed propeller in pusher configuration.[6]

The SSZ design was judged superior to the SSP, which had been developed at RNAS Kingsnorth at the same time, and so the SSP was cancelled.[4]

Operational history

The SSZ's patrolled extensively from late 1917 to late 1918. The average patrol lasted eight hours, but there were instances of flights of much greater duration – three of 25–26 hours; one of 30 h 20 min; and a record of 50 h 55 min held by SSZ.39 in the summer of 1918.[6] After the Armistice SSZ-73 became the only airship to fly under a bridge. Maj. Thomas Elmhirst (CO RNAS Anglesey), piloted SSZ-73 under the Menai Suspension Bridge. The act did not harm Elmhurst's career.[7]

On 16 August 1918, a makeshift SSZ ship was being assembled from the old SSZ-23 envelope and a spare SS Zero car at RNAS Howden airship station.[8] Petrol fumes from a spillage in the car were ignited some time later by a spark when the radio equipment was being tested, and the ensuing fireball, fed by fuel and gas, completely enveloped and destroyed the old SSZ-23 envelope/spare car hybrid and R23X class airship R27 which were sharing a hangar.[8] Although the hangar itself survived, one airman lost his life, and two further blimps that were moored nearby, SSZ.38 and SSZ.54, were also destroyed.[9]

An SSZ airship escorts a Royal Navy sloop.

The SSZ's greater stability in flight and longer endurance enabled them to operate in worse weather conditions than had previously been attempted,[6] and early in 1917 all existing SS types were superseded by the SS Zero.[2] They were turned out as fast as they could be built, and a total of 77 SSZs were produced between 1916 and 1918, two of which were acquired by France and two by the United States.[5] The US Navy operated two SSZ's. SSZ-23 (A-1030),and SSZ-24 (A-1029), the SSZ-23 envelope was destroyed in a hangar fire Howden in 1918, SSZ-23 the car was sent from Howden to the US on 4 August 1918.[10] SSZ-24 apparently burned at Hampton Roads in the summer of 1918.[11] The SSZ-23 was at Cape May, NJ, for erection on 5 February 1919. The SSZ-23 was withdrawn by mid-1920.[12]


Operators

Specifications

Data from [5]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 3
  • Length: 143 ft 5 in (43.70 m)
  • Diameter: 30 ft 0 in (9.10 m)
  • Volume: 70,000 cu ft (2,000 m3)
  • Useful lift: 1,334 lb (605 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Hawk , 75 hp (56 kW)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 53 mph (85 km/h, 46 kn)
  • Rate of climb: 1,200 ft/min (6.1 m/s)

Armament

  • 1 x Lewis Gun
  • 2 x 110 lb (50 kg) bombs or 1 x 250 lb (110 kg) bomb

See also

References

Notes
  1. TAnti-Submarine Warfare in World War I: British Naval Aviation. Retrieved on 13 September 2018.
  2. Twenty-One Years of Airship Progress. flightglobal.com. Retrieved on 28 March 2009.
  3. Whale (2008), p.60.
  4. Castle (2009) p23
  5. SSZ data. Airship Heritage Trust. Retrieved on 18 March 2009.
  6. Whale (2008), p.61.
  7. Mowethorpe, Ces, Battlebags British Airships of the First World War, 1995, Alan Sutton Publishing Limited, Phoenix Mill, Far Trupp Stroud, Gloucestershire ISBN 0-7509-0989-7 page 109
  8. Mowethorpe, Ces, Battlebags British Airships of the First World War, 1995, Alan Sutton Publishing Limited, Phoenix Mill, Far Trupp Stroud, Gloucestershire ISBN 0-7509-0989-7 page 84
  9. HMA 23X Airship Heritage Trust. Retrieved on 28 March 2009.
  10. Mowethorpe, Ces, Battlebags British Airships of the First World War, 1995, Alan Sutton Publishing Limited, Phoenix Mill, Far Trupp Stroud, Gloucestershire ISBN 0-7509-0989-7 page 88
  11. Shock, James R., U.S. Navy Airships 1915-1962, 2001, Atlantis Productions, Edgewater Florida, ISBN 0-9639743-8-6, page 45
  12. Shock, James R., U.S. Navy Airships 1915-1962, 2001, Atlantis Productions, Edgewater Florida, ISBN 0-9639743-8-6, pages 44-45

Bibliography
  • Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1919. London: Sampson Low Marston. pp. 8c.
  • Whale, George (2008). British Airships: Past Present and Future. Toronto, Canada: Bastian Books. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-554-30772-5.
  • Castle, Ian (2009), British Airships 1905–30, New Vanguard, Osprey Publishing
  • Mowethorpe, Ces (1995). Battlebags British Airships of the First World War. Alan Sutton Publishing Limited, Phoenix Mill, Far Trupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire. ISBN 0-7509-0989-7.
  • Shock, James R. (2001). U.S. Navy Airships 1915-1962. Atlantis Productions, Edgewater Florida. ISBN 0-9639743-8-6.
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