SS Demosthenes (1911)

Demosthenes differed from her sisters by having a more modern propulsion system. Pericles and Themistocles each had twin screws driven by quadruple-expansion steam engines whose combined power output was rated at 1,075 NHP.[7][8]

Demosthenes had three screws. A pair of four-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines drove her port and starboard screws. Exhaust steam from their low-pressure cylinders powered a low-pressure steam turbine that drove her middle screw. Harland and Wolff built her triple-expansion engines. John Brown & Company built her low-pressure turbine. The combined power output of her three engines was rated at 1,358 NHP,[9] which was 26 percent more than her sisters, and gave her a speed of 15 knots (28 km/h).[10]

The combination of piston engines with a low-pressure turbine had been pioneered in 1908 in the cargo liner Otaki[11] built by William Denny and Brothers,[12] and the transatlantic liner Laurentic built by Harland and Wolff.[13] Laurentic proved more economical than her sister ship Megantic, which led a number of shipping lines and shipbuilders to choose a combination of piston engines and exhaust turbines for passenger and cargo liners.

In 1915 the Commonwealth of Australia requisitioned the ship as HMAT Demosthenes, with the pennant number A64.[10] She sailed in five convoys from Australia carrying elements of the First Australian Imperial Force for service overseas. On 17 July 1915 she left Melbourne carrying 1,352 troops as part of Convoy 9. On the same trip she called at Fremantle, embarked another 159 troops, and sailed on 23 July.[16]

On 29 December 1915 Demosthenes left Melbourne carrying 1,598 troops as part of Convoy 16. On 18 May 1916 she left Sydney carrying 1,610 troops as part of Convoy 21. On 22 December 1916 she left Sydney carrying 1,240 troops and 46 naval officers as part of Convoy 27.[16]

Commonwealth Government control of Demosthenes ended on 16 March 1917.[10] However, on 9 November 1917 Demosthenes left Sydney carrying 78 troops and nine nurses as part of Convoy 35.[16]

On 17 August 1918 Demosthenes sailed from Quebec carrying troops including a party of 35 officers of the 69th Regiment, United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. She crossed the Atlantic, reaching Liverpool on 2 September.[17]

On 19 August 1920 Demosthenes resumed civilian sailings between London and Australia. Her post-war route included Brisbane.[2]

Shaw, Savill & Albion Line and White Star Line jointly owned Aberdeen Line. In 1928 White Star took over Commonwealth Line and merged it with Aberdeen Line. Demosthenes' route was changed to serve Liverpool instead of London.[4]

On 29 April 1931 Demosthenes suffered a fire in her forward bunkers. She was at sea, 950 nautical miles (1,760 km) west of Fremantle en route to Liverpool. The fire was brought under control, but her Master decided to turn back to Australia.[18]

On 20 July 1931 the Royal Mail Case opened at the Old Bailey, which led to the collapse of White Star Line's parent company. Demosthenes was laid up.[19] She was sold for scrap to Hughes Bolckow, and on 18 October 1931 she arrived at Blyth, Northumberland to be broken up.[2]