Salomon III

Salomon III or Solomon III was the Emperor of Ethiopia (20 May 1796 – 15 July 1797 and 16 June – 25 July 1799[1]) and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the son of Tekle Haymanot II. He may be identical with the Emperor Solomon whom the traveler Henry Salt lists as one of the Emperors still alive at the time of his visit in 1809/1810.[2] E. A. Wallis Budge notes some authorities believe he was the same person as Baeda Maryam II.[3]

Life

He was largely a figurehead, appointed Emperor by Ras Wolde Selassie of Tigray and Ras Mare'ed in 1796. He spent the next year struggling with his rival, and brother, the former Emperor Tekle Giyorgis I; while he was preoccupied with Tekle Giyorgis, Gondar was surrounded in May 1797 by the rebel Balambaras Asserat, who did not have the military strength to enter the capital city, and limited his destruction to burning the property of Tekle Giyorgis in Gondar. Salomon was forced to flee Gondar, and took refuge in Axum where he lived under the protection of Ras Wolde Selassie.[4] The Ras then supported the restoration of Salomon's brother Tekle Giyorgis.[5] Not long afterwards, Salomon was invited to live with his brother as his guest.[6]

In May 1797, while Tekle Giyorgis was campaigning in Begemder, Salomon disappeared from Tekle Giyorgis' camp and made his way back to Gondar where he received by Ras Mare'ed. Ras Mare'ed and Ras Guebre then restored Salomon as Emperor the following month.[7] However, Ras Wolde Gabriel marched on Gondar and a battle was fought between him and Ras Mare'ed on 22 July; both Wolde Gabriel and Mare'ed were killed, but Salomon's supporters were defeated. Salomon was deposed and put into chains by Dejazmach Gugsa and Dejazmach Alula, who were in the victorious army, and replaced him five days later with Demetros, the great-grandson of Emperor Fasilides.[8] In 1802, Salomon was reportedly still a prisoner, but at that time in Tigray.[9]

Notes

Herbert Weld Blundell, The Royal chronicle of Abyssinia, 1769-1840 (Cambridge: University Press, 1922), p. 461. E. A. Wallis Budge (A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia, 1928 [Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970], p. 479) states he ruled for a few days, starting on 20 May.
Henry Salt, A Voyage to Abyssinia and Travels into the Interior of that Country, 1814 (London: Frank Cass, 1958), p. 474
Wallis Budge, A History, p. 479
Richard K.P. Pankhurst, History of Ethiopian Towns (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), vol. 1 p. 177
Salt states Wolde Selassie "successively espoused the claims of Ayto Solomon, the son of Tecla Haimanot and of Tecla Georgis, his brother, whom, in spite of the combined forces of the chiefs of Amhara, he carried to Gondar and placed on the throne". (A Voyage, p. 254)
Weld Blundell, Royal chronicle, p. 449
Weld Blundell, Royal chronicle, pp. 460f
Weld Blundell, Royal chronicle, p. 462
Weld Blundell, Royal chronicle, p. 471

Preceded by Tekle Giyorgis I	Emperor of Ethiopia 1796–1797	Succeeded by Yonas
Preceded by Tekle Giyorgis I	Emperor of Ethiopia 1799	Succeeded by Demetros

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[1] Herbert Weld Blundell, The Royal chronicle of Abyssinia, 1769-1840 (Cambridge: University Press, 1922), p. 461. E. A. Wallis Budge (A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia, 1928 [Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970], p. 479) states he ruled for a few days, starting on 20 May.

[2] Henry Salt, A Voyage to Abyssinia and Travels into the Interior of that Country, 1814 (London: Frank Cass, 1958), p. 474

[3] Wallis Budge, A History, p. 479

[4] Richard K.P. Pankhurst, History of Ethiopian Towns (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), vol. 1 p. 177

[5] Salt states Wolde Selassie "successively espoused the claims of Ayto Solomon, the son of Tecla Haimanot and of Tecla Georgis, his brother, whom, in spite of the combined forces of the chiefs of Amhara, he carried to Gondar and placed on the throne". (A Voyage, p. 254)

[6] Weld Blundell, Royal chronicle, p. 449

[7] Weld Blundell, Royal chronicle, pp. 460f

[8] Weld Blundell, Royal chronicle, p. 462

[9] Weld Blundell, Royal chronicle, p. 471

Emperors of Ethiopia and Monarchs of Predecessor States (List)
Family tree
Zagwe dynasty (1137–1270)	Mara Takla Haymanot Tatadim Jan Seyum Germa Seyum Yemrehana Krestos Kedus Harbe Gebre Mesqel Lalibela Na'akueto La'ab Yetbarak
Solomonic dynasty (1270–1755)	Yekuno Amlak Yagbe'u Seyon (Salomon I) Senfa Ared IV Hezba Asgad Qedma Asgad Jin Asgad Saba Asgad Wedem Arad Amda Seyon I Newaya Krestos Newaya Maryam Dawit I Tewodros I Yeshaq I Andreyas Takla Maryam Sarwe Iyasus Amda Iyasus Zara Yaqob (Kwestantinos I) Baeda Maryam I Eskender (Kwestantinos II) Amda Seyon II Na'od Dawit II Gelawdewos Menas Sarsa Dengel Yaqob Za Dengel Yaqob Susenyos I Fasilides Yohannes I Iyasu the Great Tekle Haymanot I Tewoflos Yostos Dawit III Bakaffa Iyasu II
Era of the Princes (1755–1855)	Iyoas I Yohannes II Tekle Haymanot II Susenyos II Tekle Haymanot II Salomon II Tekle Giyorgis I Iyasu III Tekle Giyorgis I Hezqeyas Tekle Giyorgis I Baeda Maryam II Tekle Giyorgis I Salomon III Yonas Tekle Giyorgis I Salomon III Demetros Tekle Giyorgis I Demetros Egwale Seyon Iyoas II Gigar Baeda Maryam III Gigar Iyasu IV Gebre Krestos Sahle Dengel Gebre Krestos Sahle Dengel Yohannes III Sahle Dengel Yohannes III Sahle Dengel Yohannes III Sahle Dengel
Modern Ethiopia (1855–1974)	Tewodros II Tekle Giyorgis II Yohannes IV Menelik II Lij Iyasu¹ Zewditu I Haile Selassie I² Amha Selassie I¹ ³
¹ Never crowned. ² Between 1936–1941, Haile Selassie I went into exile following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. During that time, the title was claimed by the King of Italy Victor Emmanuel III. ³ Emperor-in-exile.