Salvadora hexalepis

Western patch-nosed snake
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Genus:	Salvadora
Species:	S. hexalepis
Binomial name
	Salvadora hexalepis; (Cope, 1866)
Synonyms
	Phimothyra hexalepis ; Cope, 1866[2]; Zamenis grahamiæ Var. hexalepis — Boulenger, 1896[3]; Salvadora hexalepis ; — Stejneger, 1902[4];

Salvadora hexalepis, the western patch-nosed snake, is a species of non-venomous colubrid snake, which is endemic to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.[5]

Geographic range

It is found in the southwestern United States in the states of Arizona, southern California, Nevada, southern New Mexico, and southwestern Texas. It is also found in northern Mexico in the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, and Sonora.[2]

Subspecies

The following four subspecies are recognized:[2]

Salvadora hexalepis hexalepis (Cope, 1866)
Salvadora hexalepis klauberi Bogert, 1945
Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis Bogert, 1945
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea Bogert, 1935

Description

Adults of Salvadora hexalepis are, on average, 20-46 inches (51–117 cm) in total length;[6] the record total length is 58 in (150 cm).[7]

They have a distinctive, thick scale curved back over the top of the snout, and free at the edges.[7]

All subspecies are yellowish with blackish lateral stripes in various arrangements.[8]

The dorsal scales are smooth, and the anal plate is divided.[7]

Behavior

The western patch-nosed snake inhabits arid deserts in its area. It feeds upon lizards, snakes, reptile eggs, and small rodents.[9]

Reproduction

4-10 eggs are laid during spring or early summer and hatch in August through September.[6]

References

Hammerson, G.A. (2007). "Salvadora hexalepis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2007: e.T63912A12726250. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63912A12726250.en. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ),... Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Zamenis grahamiæ Var. hexalepis, p. 622.)
Stejneger, L., and T. Barbour. 1917. A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 125 pp. (Salvadora hexalepis, p. 81.)
Smith, H.M., and E.D. Brodie, Jr. 1982. Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Golden Press. New York. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3 (paperback). (Salvadora hexalepis, pp. 194-195.)
Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright. 1957. Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Comstock. Ithaca and London. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) (Salvadora hexalepis, pp. 651-663, Figures 190.-193. + Map 49. on p. 646.)
Schmidt, K. P., & D.D. Davis. 1941. Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. G.P. Putnam's Sons. New York. 365 pp. (Salvadora, pp. 135-139.)
Zim, H.S., and H.M. Smith. 1956. Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species: A Golden Nature Guide. Simon and Schuster. New York. 160 pp. ("Patch-nosed snakes", p. 88.)
Conant, R. 1975. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 429 pp. ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). ("Genus Salvadora", pp. 187-188.)