Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge

Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, GCVO (born Catherine Elizabeth Middleton; 9 January 1982),[1] is a member of the British royal family. Her husband, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, is second in the line of succession to the British throne, making Catherine a likely future queen consort.

"Kate Middleton" redirects here. For the free-diver, see Kate Middleton (free-diver).
"Princess Catherine" redirects here. For other uses, see Princess Catherine (disambiguation).

Catherine
Duchess of Cambridge (more)
The Duchess of Cambridge in 2019
BornCatherine Elizabeth Middleton
(1982-01-09) 9 January 1982
Reading, Berkshire, England
Spouse
Issue
HouseWindsor (by marriage)
FatherMichael Middleton
MotherCarole Goldsmith
Signature

She grew up in the village of Chapel Row, part of Bucklebury near Newbury in the English county of Berkshire.[2] She studied art history at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, where she met William in 2001. Their engagement was announced in November 2010. They married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. The couple's children—Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis of Cambridge—are third, fourth, and fifth in the line of succession to the British throne, respectively.[3][4][5][6][7]

The Duchess of Cambridge holds patronage within over 20 charitable and military organisations, including Action for Children, SportsAid and the National Portrait Gallery.[8] She undertakes projects through The Royal Foundation, with her charity work focusing on issues surrounding young children, addiction and art. To encourage people to open up about their mental health issues, the Duchess envisioned the mental health awareness campaign "Heads Together", launched with the Duke and Prince Harry in April 2016.[9] The media have called Catherine's impact on British and American fashion the "Kate Middleton effect".[10] In 2012 and 2013, Time magazine selected her as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World.[11][12]

Early life and career

Catherine Elizabeth Middleton was born at the Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading on 9 January 1982 into an upper-middle-class family.[13][14][15][16][17] She was baptised at St Andrew's Bradfield, a local parish church, on 20 June 1982.[8][18][19] She is the eldest of three children born to Michael Middleton (b. 1949)[20] and his wife, Carole (née Goldsmith; b. 1955),[21] a former flight dispatcher and flight attendant, respectively, who in 1987 founded Party Pieces, a privately held mail order company that sells party supplies and decorations with an estimated worth of £30 million.[22][23][24] Her father's family has ties to British aristocracy and benefited financially from trust funds which they established over 100 years ago.[25][26][14][27] Her Middleton relatives were reported as having played host to British royalty "as long ago as 1926".[28][29] She has a younger sister, Pippa, and a younger brother, James.[30]

The family lived in Amman, Jordan, from May 1984 to September 1986 where her father worked for British Airways. Middleton attended an English-language nursery school.[31][32] When her family returned to Berkshire in 1986, she was enrolled aged four at St Andrew's School, a private school near Pangbourne in Berkshire. She boarded part-weekly at St Andrew's in her later years.[33] She studied at Downe House School.[34] She was a boarder at Marlborough College, a co-educational independent boarding school in Wiltshire;[35][36] Middleton showed talent in sports and was captain of the women's field hockey team.[37] After her studies, she took a gap year, studying at the British Institute of Florence in Italy and travelling to Chile to participate in a Raleigh International programme.[38] She worked as a deckhand at the Port of Southampton in the summer preceding university.[39] Middleton subsequently enrolled at University of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland, studying history of art. She briefly studied psychology before focusing solely on art history.[40] She worked part-time as a waitress during her studies.[41] While attending university, she achieved a gold Duke of Edinburgh Award.[42] Middleton was an active member of The Lumsden Club, which held fundraisers and community projects each year.[43] In 2005, Middleton graduated from the University of St Andrews with an undergraduate MA (2:1 Hons) in the history of art.[44]

In November 2006, Middleton commenced part-time work for twelve months as an accessory buyer with the clothing chain Jigsaw.[45] Later that year, she curated a photography exhibition to mark the book launch of "Time to Reflect", by Alistair Morrison, to raise funds for UNICEF.[46] In 2007 and 2008, Middleton made several trips to Naomi's House Hospice, where she brought gifts and read to children.[47][48] In 2008, she organised an 80's-themed roller disco fundraiser which raised money for Place2Be, an organisation which improves mental health in schools.[49] Middleton also worked until January 2011 at the family business in catalogue design and production, marketing, and photography.[8][50] While working for the company, she launched the firm's junior brand for toddlers, and began working with the Starlight Children's Foundation, which helps terminally ill youth, providing party essentials for sick children.[51][52] Middleton also helped coordinate the Boodles Boxing Ball, which raised money for the charity.[53][54]

Prior to her marriage, Middleton lived in an apartment owned by her parents in Chelsea, London alongside her sister, which was estimated to be worth £1–1.4 million.[55] In 2018, Catherine's total net worth was estimated at £5–7.3 million, most of which is from her parents' company.[55]

Personal life

Early relationship with Prince William
Middleton (centre) at the Order of the Garter procession in 2008, where William was invested.

In 2001, Middleton met Prince William while they were students in residence at St Salvator's Hall at the University of St Andrews.[56][lower-alpha 1] She reportedly caught William's eye at a charity fashion show at the university in 2002 when she appeared on the stage wearing a see-through lace dress.[58] The couple began dating in 2003, although their relationship remained unconfirmed.[59] During their second year, Middleton shared a flat with William and two other friends.[60] From 2003 to 2005, they both resided at Balgove House on the Strathtyrum estate with two roommates.[61][62]

Middleton attended Prince William's Passing Out Parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 15 December 2006.[63][64] In April 2007, Prince William and Middleton ended their relationship.[65] Middleton and her family attended the Concert for Diana in July 2007 at Wembley Stadium,[60] where she and Prince William sat two rows apart. The couple were subsequently seen together in public on a number of occasions and news sources stated that they had "rekindled their relationship".[66]

On 17 May 2008, Middleton attended the wedding of Prince William's cousin Peter Phillips to Autumn Kelly, which the prince did not attend.[67] Middleton attended the Order of the Garter procession at Windsor Castle in June 2008, where Prince William was made a Royal Knight of the Garter.[68] On 19 July 2008, she was a guest at the wedding of Lady Rose Windsor and George Gilman. Prince William was away on military operations in the Caribbean, serving aboard HMS Iron Duke.[69] In June 2010, the couple moved into a cottage on the Bodorgan Estate in Anglesey, Wales, where Prince William resided during his RAF search-and-rescue training and subsequent career.[70][71][72]

Marriage and children
Catherine with her family at Trooping the Colour in 2019

Catherine Middleton and Prince William became engaged in October 2010, in Kenya, during a 10-day trip to the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy to celebrate William passing the RAF helicopter search and rescue course.[73][74] Clarence House announced the engagement on 16 November 2010.[73][75] Prince William gave Middleton the engagement ring that had belonged to his mother, Diana, Princess of Wales. The couple married in Westminster Abbey on 29 April 2011[76] (St. Catherine's Day), with the day declared a bank holiday in the United Kingdom. Estimates of the global audience for the wedding ranged around 300 million or more, whilst 26 million watched the event live in Britain alone.[77][78][79] Upon her marriage, Catherine assumed the style "Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge".[80] The couple were given the country home, Anmer Hall, on the Sandringham Estate, as a wedding gift from the Queen.[81] The Duke and Duchess owned an English Cocker Spaniel, Lupo, from December 2011 to November 2020.[82]

On 3 December 2012, St James's Palace announced that the Duchess was pregnant with her first child. The announcement was made earlier in the pregnancy than is usual as she had been admitted to King Edward VII's Hospital suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum, a severe form of morning sickness. She remained in hospital for three days.[83][84] Prince George was born at St Mary's Hospital in London on 22 July 2013.[3][4] The severe morning sickness returned with the subsequent pregnancies, forcing Catherine to cancel her official engagements.[85] She gave birth to Princess Charlotte on 2 May 2015[86] and to Prince Louis on 23 April 2018.[87] The family officially reside at Kensington Palace.[88]

Public life
See also: List of official overseas trips made by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge
William and Catherine meet the Obamas at Buckingham Palace in May 2011

Middleton's first public appearance with Prince William following the announcement of their engagement was at a fundraising event organised by the Teenage Cancer Trust in December 2010.[89] She was formally introduced to public life on 24 February 2011, two months before the wedding, when she and Prince William attended a lifeboat-naming ceremony in Trearddur, Anglesey, in North Wales.[90] A day later they appeared in St Andrews to launch the university's 600th anniversary celebrations.[91] In March 2011, the couple toured Belfast.[92] Their last public engagement before the wedding was a visit to Darwen Aldridge Community Academy.[93][94] The Duchess's first official engagement after the wedding came in May, when she and her husband met Barack Obama, the President of the United States, and First Lady Michelle Obama at Buckingham Palace.[95]

Catherine attending a state dinner in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2012

The Duke and Duchess's first royal tour of Canada took place in July 2011.[96] The couple's activities included attending celebrations for Canada Day.[97][98][99] The tour included a two-day trip to California, where they visited charities and attended a BAFTA red carpet event.[100] This was Duchess's first visit to the United States.[101] On 26 October 2011, she undertook her first solo engagement at a reception for In Kind Direct, hosted at Clarence House, stepping in for the Prince of Wales.[102] On 2 November, the Duke and Duchess visited the UNICEF Supply Division, which supplies food to malnourished children globally, in Copenhagen, Denmark.[103][104] On St. Patrick's Day in 2012, the Duchess carried out the traditional awarding of shamrocks to the Irish Guards at their Aldershot base; this was her first solo military engagement.[105] On 19 March, she gave her first speaking engagement for the opening of the Treehouse, a new children's hospice opened by East Anglia's Children's Hospices, of which she is a patron.[106]

The Duke and Duchess were announced as ambassadors for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, alongside Prince Harry.[107] As part of her role, the Duchess attended numerous sporting events throughout the games.[108] In September 2012, the Duke and Duchess embarked on a tour of Singapore, Malaysia, Tuvalu, and the Solomon Islands to commemorate the Queen's Diamond Jubilee across the Commonwealth.[109] During this overseas visit, she made her first official speech abroad, while visiting a hospice in Malaysia, drawing on her experience as patron of East Anglia's Children's Hospices.[110][111] The Duke and Duchess attended further celebrations of the Jubilee throughout the year, including the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant in July.[112][113][114] The first engagement that the Duchess carried out after the birth of Prince George was in late August 2013, when she accompanied the Duke to meet runners preparing for an ultra-marathon on the isle of Anglesey, where they had resided from 2009 to 2013.[115][116] At the beginning of March 2014, it was announced that the couple would be accompanied by their son on an upcoming tour of New Zealand and Australia from 16 to 25 April.[117] The tour was Catherine's first visit to the area and Prince George's first major public appearance since his christening in October 2013.[118] The tour itinerary included visiting the Plunket Society for children and visiting fire-damaged areas in New South Wales.[119] The tour began in New Zealand where they visited Wellington, Blenheim, Auckland, Dunedin, Queenstown and Christchurch. It ended in Australia where they visited Sydney, the Blue Mountains, Brisbane, Uluru, Adelaide, and Canberra.[120] In June 2014, the couple visited France to attend the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Normandy landings at Gold Beach.[121]

The Duchess on official visit to Stockholm, Sweden in 2018

On 21 July 2014, it was announced that the Duchess would be making her first solo trip, visiting the island of Malta on 20–21 September 2014, when the island was celebrating its 50th independence anniversary.[122] Her trip was cancelled, with the Duke taking her place, after the announcement of her second pregnancy in early September.[123] In December 2014, the couple visited the United States and attended a charity dinner at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[124] In October 2015, the Duchess attended her first state banquet at Buckingham Palace, held to host Chinese President Xi Jinping.[125] In April 2016, the Duchess and her husband undertook a tour to India and Bhutan.[126] Activities included visiting children's charities such as Childline India, as well as a visit to Lingkana Palace.[127][128] Later that month, the couple met again with President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at Kensington Palace.[125] The Duke and Duchess toured Canada again in September 2016.[129] On 11 October 2016, the Duchess made her first solo foreign trip to The Netherlands.[130] Countries visited by the couple in 2017 include France, Poland, Germany, and Belgium.[131][132][133][134] The Duchess takes official portraits of her children and joined the Royal Photographic Society in 2017.[135] She visited Luxembourg City in May 2017 for the Treaty of London commemorations.[136] In January 2018, the couple visited Sweden and Norway.[137]

The Duchess at Windsor Park, Belfast during a visit to Northern Ireland in 2019

In February 2019, the Duke and Duchess carried out a two-day visit of Northern Ireland, visiting Belfast, Fermanagh, and Ballymena.[138][139] In June 2019, the Duchess took the royal first salute, typically received by the Queen, at the Beating Retreat military pageant.[140][141] The Duchess accompanied her husband on a tour of Pakistan in October 2019, which was the royal family's first visit to the country in 13 years.[142] The couple conducted an interview for CNN in Lahore while visiting the SoS Children's Village, where the Duchess gave a speech relating to her work on the early years.[143][144] In March 2020, the Duke and Duchess carried out a three-day tour of Ireland, visiting County Meath, Kildare, and Galway.[145] In October 2020, the Duke and Duchess met Volodymyr Zelensky, the President of Ukraine, and First Lady Olena Zelenska, at Buckingham Palace, the first royal engagement held at the residence since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.[146] In December, the couple embarked on a three-day tour of England, Scotland, and Wales via the British Royal Train "to pay tribute to the inspiring work of individuals, organisations and initiatives across the country that have gone above and beyond to support their local communities" in 2020.[147][148][149] Prime Minister Boris Johnson expressed his support for the initiative, while First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon criticised the tour, citing travel restrictions; UK, Scottish and Welsh governments were consulted before planning the tour.[150][151]

Charity work
Main article: The Royal Foundation

Patronages

In March 2011, the Duke and Duchess set up a gift fund held by The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to allow well-wishers who wanted to give them a wedding gift to donate money to charities they care about instead.[152][153] The gift fund supported 26 charities of the couple's choice, incorporating the armed forces, children, the elderly, art, sport and conservation.[154][155] In June 2012, The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry was renamed The Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry, to reflect Catherine's contribution to the charity.[156] The charity is now listed as The Royal Foundation of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.

The Duchess of Cambridge's charity work focuses mainly on issues surrounding young children, addiction, and art.[157] She has a number of patronages: The Art Room, the National Portrait Gallery, East Anglia's Children's Hospice, Action on Addiction, Place2Be, the Natural History Museum, the Anna Freud Centre, Sportsaid, and The 1851 Trust.[158][159][160] The Duchess, as a history of art graduate, takes an interest in art and handpicked the Art Room, which "helps disadvantaged children express themselves" through art therapy, and the National Portrait Gallery.[161] In her capacity as patron of Action on Addiction, the Duchess has occasionally made visits to its centres, spending time with recovering addicts.[162] The Duchess is joint Patron of 100 Women in Hedge Fund's Philanthropic Initiatives, along with Prince William and Prince Harry.[163] She was also a local volunteer leader with The Scout Association in north Wales,[164] of which the Queen is patron, before being made co-president in September 2020, alongside the Duke of Kent.[157][165] It aims to provide activities to over 400,000 young people in the UK.[157]

Catherine at Wimbledon in 2011. She became patron of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in 2017.

In 2012, together with the Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry, Catherine launched Coach Core. The program was set up following the 2012 Olympics and provides apprenticeship opportunities for people who desire to pursue a career as a professional coach.[166] In October 2012, the Duchess, alongside Action on Addiction, launched the M-PACT programme (Moving Parents and Children Together), one of the only UK programmes to focus specifically on the impact of drug addiction on families.[167] 283 Place2Be volunteers were trained through the programme to reach over 26,000 children.[168][169] In December 2015, she assumed the patronage of the Royal Air Force Air Cadets[170] for youths 12–19 years of age. The Duke of Edinburgh, who had been patron of the RAF Cadets for 63 years, formally handed over during an audience at Buckingham Palace.[171] In 2017, she replaced the Queen as patron of The Lawn Tennis Association,[172] All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club,[173] and Action for Children.[174]

In January 2018, locks of her hair were reportedly donated to the Little Princess Trust, a charity which makes wigs for children diagnosed with cancer.[175] In February 2018, the Duchess became the patron of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.[176][177] She also launched Nursing Now, a three-year worldwide campaign to raise awareness about the profile of nurses.[178] She has written of her family ties with nursing and that both her grandmother Valerie Middleton and her great-grandmother Olive Middleton were VAD nurses for the British Red Cross.[179][176][177][180] In March 2018, the Duchess hosted a symposium with the Royal Society of Medicine, focusing on children's health, and launched the Early Intervention Support initiative which would raise awareness of issues such as youth, maternal, and mental health, as well as parental and educational support. It was announced that a steering group would research solutions to problems facing young people, and how it impacted society and the economy.[181] Later that month, Kensington Palace announced the Duchess of Cambridge would become the first royal patron of the Victoria and Albert Museum.[182][183] In June 2019, she succeeded the Queen as patron of the Royal Photographic Society.[184] In January 2020, she and other photographers took part in an exhibition to mark the 75th anniversary of the end of the Holocaust.[185] In July 2019, she lent her support to Backyard Nature, a campaign created to inspire "children, families and communities to get outside and engage with nature".[186] In August 2019, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge competed in the King's Cup yachting regatta to raise money for eight different charities.[187] In December 2019, she succeeded the Queen as Royal Patron of Family Action.[188]

In January 2020, the Duchess launched "5 Big Questions on the Under 5's", a nationwide survey on development in early years.[189] The survey was conducted by Ipsos MORI and contains "further qualitative and ethnographic research" on the early years.[190] "5 Big Questions" received over 500,000 responses.[191] The results of the survey were released in November 2020 during an online Early Years forum composed of medical experts hosted by the Royal Foundation, where the Duchess was a keynote speaker.[192] The survey's findings outlined five key topics surrounding early childhood, including parental mental health and wider community health and support.[193][194] In May and June 2020, the Duke and Duchess, alongside their children, delivered food parcels made on the Sandringham Estate to local isolated pensioners during the COVID-19 pandemic.[195][196] In July 2020, the Duchess supported and assisted in the development of BBC's "Tiny Happy People" initiative, providing free digital resources to parents with young children.[197] In August 2020, she headed a donation drive to benefit baby banks nationwide, including Little Village, which spurred over 10,000 donations from Marks & Spencer, Tesco, John Lewis & Partners, and Sainsbury's.[198][199] In May 2020, the Duchess as the patron of the National Portrait Gallery launched "Hold Still", a project to capture people's life during lockdown, which garnered 31,000 submissions.[200][201] In July 2020, the exhibition was released, with the final 100 photographs being displayed online. In October 2020, the portraits were displayed on 112 public sites, including billboards, murals, and posters, across 80 towns and cities.[202][203] The online exhibition collected over 5.2 million page views.[204] In December 2020, the Duke and Duchess became joint patrons of NHS Charities Together.[205] The Duchess discreetly volunteered with the Royal Voluntary Service during the COVID-19 pandemic.[206]

Advocating for mental health

Catherine has tackled issues surrounding mental health and disabilities and made visits to charities and hospitals such as St Thomas' Hospital and Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute to spend time with mothers and children who deal with these issues.[207][208][209] To encourage people to open up about their mental health issues, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry initiated the mental health awareness campaign "Heads Together" in April 2016. The campaign was first envisioned by the Duchess earlier that year.[210] The Duchess later voluntarily talked about her struggles as a mother, and admitted that she suffered a "lack of confidence" and "feelings of ignorance" during certain periods of time.[9][207][211]

The Duchess of Cambridge also launched the Mentally Healthy Schools, a project which helps the students and staff with access "to reliable and practical resources to improve awareness, knowledge and confidence in supporting pupils' mental health".[212] Catherine held sessions for the programme at the Mental Health in Education Conference in 2019.[213] After two years of development, the website had over 250,000 visitors to the site accessing resources.[214][215] Benita Refson, president of Place2Be, one of Catherine's patronages, has praised the Duchess's work saying she would help "shine the spotlight on child mental health".[216] In February 2016, she travelled to Edinburgh to promote the work of Place2Be, launched Children's Mental Health Week, and contributed to the HuffPost UK as a part of the Young Minds Matter movement, an effort "to raise awareness for children's mental health issues".[217][218] The Duke and Duchess later met with members and representatives of Young Minds and Youthscape to promote their mental health campaign.[219] In recognition of their work with charities concerned with children's mental health, the Duchess and her husband were awarded the Gold Blue Peter badge, an award previously granted to the Queen.[220] During a speech at the Royal Foundation forum in 2018, the Duchess said she would continue her work to raise awareness for mental health and said that "The mental health of children and adults is one area where a long-term view will make all the difference to future generations."[221]

In January 2019, it was confirmed that the Duchess would work together with the Royal Horticultural Society as one of the co-designers for a garden display at the 2019 Chelsea Flower Show.[222] Catherine designed the "Back to Nature Garden" together with Andree Davies and Adam White.[223] The garden, which featured "a tree house, waterfall, rustic den and a campfire" among other parts, was unveiled at the Chelsea Flower Show in May 2019 to emphasise "the benefits the natural world brings to mental and physical well-being".[224][225] The garden was later expanded and moved to Hampton Court Palace as a part of the Hampton Court Palace Flower Show.[226] In May 2019, as a part of their "Heads Together" initiative, the Duchess of Cambridge together with her husband and in-laws, launched Shout, a text messaging service for those who suffer from mental issues.[227] In October 2019, the Duchess of Cambridge, together with other members of the royal family, voiced a PSA video for Public Health England "as part of its Every Mind Matters program".[228] In late March 2020, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge started supporting a new mental health initiative by the Public Health England amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.[229] In Britain's Maternal Mental Health Awareness Week of May 2020, she engaged in a video call with new parents, midwives and other maternity service professionals to promote her message of mental health awareness during the pandemic.[230]

Fashion and style
Catherine wearing Alexander McQueen at Trooping the Colour in 2013 and 2019 respectively.

The Duchess, prominent for her fashion style, has been placed on numerous "best dressed" lists.[231][232] The Daily Telegraph selected her as the Most Promising Newcomer on its 2006 list of style winners and losers.[233] Tatler placed her at number eight on its yearly list of the top ten style icons in 2007.[234] People featured Middleton on its 2007 and 2010 best-dressed lists.[235] She was named one of Richard Blackwell's ten Fabulous Fashion Independents of 2007.[236] In June 2008, Style.com selected her as its monthly beauty icon.[237] In July 2008, Vanity Fair included her on its international best-dressed list.[238] In February 2011 the Global Language Monitor named her the Top Fashion buzzword of the 2011 season.[239] In January 2012, the Headwear Association voted her Headwear Person of the Year.[240] She was number one on Vanity Fair's annual best dressed lists in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013; she also appeared as the cover star in 2012.[241] The Duchess was named to the International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List in 2014.[242]

In 2014, she was lauded as a British cultural icon, with young adults from abroad naming her among a group of people who they most associated with UK culture.[243][244] In June 2016, she took part in her first magazine shoot for Vogue's centenary issue, appearing on the cover.[245] The shoot took place on the Sandringham Estate; Catherine was involved in selecting her wardrobe of "off-duty jeans and shirts" reflecting her love of the countryside.[246] The spread was dubbed as the "most personal and natural royal portraits ever undertaken by Vogue". The photoshoot was done in collaboration with her patronage, the National Portrait Gallery, where two pictures from the shoot were displayed.[247] In 2018, Tatler named her on its list of Britain's best dressed people, praising her for "recycling her looks, rather than wearing them as one-offs", as well as her use of "both high street and high-end brands".[248]

The "Kate Middleton effect"[10][249] is the trend that the Duchess is reported to have had on others in sales of particular products and brands.[250][251] In 2018, Brand Finance's research cited the Duchess as "the most powerful royal fashion influencer", retaining that pieces in her wardrobe increase desirability among 38 percent of American shoppers.[250] The Duchess has been credited for popularizing nude pumps and hosiery in the early years of her marriage.[252][253] During daytime engagements, she has been noted to favor coatdresses, tea dresses, waxed jackets, lavallière blouses, blazers, and skinny jeans.[254][255][256][257][258][259][260] While Catherine wears items from many new designers, she has also worn dresses by Catherine Walker, who designed many of Diana's favourite evening gowns and day suits.[261] She has worn outfits, hats and ensembles by many other fashion designers.[262][263] The brands she favours are noted in the media.[262][263] The Duchess has worn Jenny Packham numerous times, most notably outside the Lindo Wing after giving birth to each of her children in 2014, 2016, and 2018 respectively.[264] Alexander McQueen has been referred to as Catherine's "go-to" brand since her wedding in 2011, and she has worn designs to several annual events including Trooping the Colour, Royal Ascot and the British Academy Film Awards, as well as state banquets and receptions.[265][266][267][268][269] She has worn several high-street brands during official engagements and projects, most frequently Topshop and Zara.[270][271] Believed to be influenced by the style and fashion choices of Diana, Princess of Wales,[272] Catherine has developed a "caring wardrobe" similar to that of her mother-in-law, with colourful fabrics, skirt suits, and bright hues suitable for visiting hospitals and schools.[273]

The Duchess, who attended the 71st British Academy Film Awards, did not participate in Time's Up movement calling for women to wear black on the red carpet.[274] Royal protocol forbids members of the royal family from taking part in political movements but she wore a black sash and carried a black handbag as a variation to the informal black dress code.[275][276] In March 2018, together with the Countess of Wessex, the Duchess hosted the Commonwealth Fashion Exchange reception at Buckingham Palace during 2018 London Fashion Week.[277]

Privacy and the media

The death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in Paris while being chased by paparazzi in 1997,[278] influenced the Duke's attitude towards the media.[279] The Duchess and her husband have asked that, when off-duty, their privacy should be respected.[279]

After her graduation from university, Middleton was faced with widespread press attention and was often photographed by the paparazzi.[280][281] On 17 October 2005, she complained through her lawyer about harassment from the media, stating she had done nothing significant to warrant publicity.[282] Former royal press secretary Dickie Arbiter stated that her treatment by the press drew parallels to the tumultuous experience of William's mother in the early years of her marriage.[283] Media attention increased around the time of her 25th birthday in January 2007, prompting warnings from the Prince of Wales, Prince William, and Middleton's lawyers, who threatened legal action. Two newspaper groups, News International, which publishes The Times and The Sun; and the Guardian Media Group, publishers of The Guardian, decided to refrain from publishing paparazzi photographs of her.[284] In 2009, Middleton was awarded £10,000 damages and an apology from the photographic press agency Rex Features Ltd. after she was photographed playing tennis on Christmas Eve while on holiday in Cornwall.[285] In 2010, she pursued an invasion of privacy claim against two agencies and photographer Niraj Tanna, who took photographs of her over Christmas 2009.[286] Middleton obtained a public apology, £5,000 in damages, and legal costs.[287]

In September 2012, the French edition of Closer and the Italian gossip magazine Chi, published photographs of the Duchess sun-bathing topless while on holiday at the Château d'Autet[279] (a private château on a 260-ha estate 71 km[288] north of Aix-en-Provence). Analysts from The Times believed the photographs were taken from the D22 (Vaucluse) road half a kilometre from the pool—a distance that would require an 800-mm or a 1000-mm lens.[289] On 17 September 2012, the Duke and Duchess filed a criminal complaint with the French prosecution department and launched a claim for civil damages at the Tribunal de Grande Instance de Nanterre.[290] The following day the courts granted an injunction against Closer, prohibiting further publication of the photographs and announced a criminal investigation would be initiated.[291] Under French law, punitive damages cannot be awarded[292] but intrusions of privacy are a criminal offence carrying a maximum jail sentence of one year and a fine of up to €45,000 for individuals and €225,000 for companies.[293][294] In September 2017, Closer was fined €100,000 and its editor Laurence Pieau and owner Ernesto Mauri were each fined €45,000.[295]

In December 2012, two Australian radio hosts, Michael Christian and Mel Greig, called King Edward VII's Hospital where the Duchess was an in-patient for hyperemesis gravidarum. Pretending to be the Queen and the Prince of Wales, Greig and Christian spoke to a nurse on the Duchess's ward, enquiring about her condition. Following a hospital inquiry and a public backlash against the hoax, Jacintha Saldanha, the nurse who put the call through to the ward, committed suicide.[296] The radio hosts subsequently apologised for their actions.[297]

In February 2013, Chi published the first photos of Catherine's exposed baby bump, taken during her vacation on the private island of Mustique. The British press refused to publish the paparazzi shots.[298] While the Duchess was visiting the Blue Mountains in Sydney, a picture was taken of her bare bottom as her dress blew up. Many newspapers outside the UK published the picture.[299] On 14 August 2015, Kensington Palace published a letter detailing what it stated were the "dangerous" and invasive efforts of the media to get paparazzi pictures of Prince George and Princess Charlotte. Jason Knauf, communications secretary to the Cambridges, wrote the letter to media standards organisations in various countries.[300]

In May 2020, Kensington Palace said that the cover story of Tatler magazine titled 'Catherine the Great' contained "a swathe of inaccuracies and false misrepresentations". Despite the palace's statement that most of the material was not given to them before publication, the magazine's editor-in-chief announced that he would stand behind the story as the palace had been aware of it for months.[301] In September 2020, after pressure from the couple's lawyers, the magazine removed remarks on the Duchess's family and other similar claims from the online version of the story.[302]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles
Royal monogram

Catherine is, by marriage, a princess of the United Kingdom and entitled to the style of Royal Highness.[303] She is usually styled as "Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge".[304] When in Scotland, she is known as the Countess of Strathearn.[305] Northern Ireland is represented by a third title, Lady Carrickfergus.[304][lower-alpha 2]

Honours
See also: List of honours of the British Royal Family by country
Commonwealth honours

Honorary military appointments
Canada
United Kingdom

Honorific eponym
Awards

Arms

In September 2013, the Queen granted a conjugal coat of arms to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, consisting of their individual arms displayed side by side, beneath a helm and coronet denoting the duke's status as grandson of the sovereign.[315] Below is shown the earlier grant of the duchess's personal arms, impaled with those of her husband.

Coat of arms of the Duchess of Cambridge
Notes
The duchess bears the arms of her husband impaled with those of her father. The coat of arms was granted to her father by the College of Arms on 19 April 2011. Thomas Woodcock, Garter King of Arms, the senior officer of the College of Arms, helped the family with the design.[316] The Duchess of Cambridge's coat of arms denotes that she is the daughter of Michael Middleton and the wife of the Duke of Cambridge.[317]
Adopted
19 April 2011
Coronet
Coronet of a child of the heir apparent
Escutcheon
Quarterly 1st and 4th Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or armed and langed Azure (England), 2nd Or a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counterflory of the second (Scotland), 3rd Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (Ireland), the whole differenced with a label of three points Argent with the central point charged with an escallop Gules (Prince William); Impaled with a shield per pale Azure and Gules, a chevron Or, cotised Argent, between three acorns slipped and leaved Or (Middleton).[316]
Supporters
To the dexter the Lion as borne and used as a Supporter by "Our Dearly Beloved Grandson His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales Duke of Cambridge" and to the sinister a Hind Argent unguled and gorged with "a Coronet of Our Dearly Beloved Grandson's degree Or". The hind is white (argent) and is hooved, unguled and has about its neck (is gorged with) the Duke of Cambridge's coronet. Both the hooves and coronet are gold (Or).[318]
Orders
The Royal Victorian Order circlet.
VICTORIA
Other elements
Insignia of GCVO appended
Symbolism
The dividing line (between two colours) down the centre is a canting of the name 'Middle-ton'. The acorns (from the oak tree) are a traditional symbol of England and a feature of west Berkshire, where the family lived. The three acorns also denote the family's three children. The gold chevron in the centre of the arms is an allusion to Carole Middleton's maiden name of Goldsmith. The two white chevronels (narrow chevrons above and below the gold chevron) symbolise peaks and mountains, and the family's love of the Lake District and skiing.[316]
Previous versions
Catherine's previous coat of arms depicted the shield from her father Michael Middleton's coat of arms shaped into a lozenge hanging from a blue ribbon symbolising her unmarried state. Her sister, Pippa, also used the same lozenge-shaped coat of arms prior to her 2017 marriage. Her brother, James, will in due course inherit his father's coat of arms.[316]

Ancestry
Four successive generations of the Duchess's ancestors had lived at Potternewton Hall Estate, near Leeds

The Duchess of Cambridge's father is Michael Middleton, son of Captain Peter Middleton, who, along with their forebears, were from Leeds, Yorkshire.[319][320] Her paternal great-grandmother Olive Middleton (née Lupton) and her cousin Baroness von Schunck (née Kate Lupton) were members of the Lupton family who are described as landed gentry and as such, were invited to the coronation of King George V in 1911.[321][322] Four successive generations of the Duchess's ancestors had lived at Potternewton Hall Estate, the family seat, including the Duchess's great-grandmother Olive Middleton, her father, politician Francis Martineau Lupton, his mother, educator Frances Lupton and her father, epidemiologist and surgeon Dr Thomas Michael Greenhow.[323][324][325][326][327]

The Duchess's maternal ancestors, the Harrisons, were working-class labourers and miners from Sunderland and County Durham.[328] Ancestors through her maternal line include Sir Thomas Conyers, 9th Baronet (1731–1810), who was a descendant of King Edward IV through his illegitimate daughter Elizabeth Plantagenet.[329] Other paternal ancestors are Sir Thomas Fairfax (1475–1520) and his wife Anne Gascoigne, who was a descendant of King Edward III.[330][331]

Authored articles
  • HRH The Duchess of Cambridge (17 February 2016). "Let's Make a Real Difference for an Entire Generation of Young Children". HuffPost (UK ed.).
  • HRH The Duchess of Cambridge (27 December 2019). "An Open Letter from The Duchess of Cambridge to Midwives". The Royal Family.

Notes
  1. Author Katie Nicholl suggests that the two met before going to St Andrews through mutual friends while Middleton was a student at Marlborough College.[57]
  2. Even with the title Lady Carrickfergus, she is still mostly referred to as the Duchess of Cambridge in Northern Ireland, as per given sources.

References
  1. "Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge". Current Biography Yearbook. Ipswich, MA: H. W. Wilson. 2011. pp. 116–118. ISBN 978-0-8242-1121-9.
  2. "Royal wedding: Kate Middleton's home village of Bucklebury prepares for big day". The Telegraph. 12 April 2011. Archived from the original on 12 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
  3. Saul, Heather (22 July 2013). "Royal baby: Duchess of Cambridge goes into labour". The Independent. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  4. "Royal baby: Kate gives birth to boy". BBC News. 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  5. "Royal baby: Duchess of Cambridge gives birth to daughter". BBC News. 2 May 2015. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  6. Caroline Davies (2 May 2015). "Duchess of Cambridge gives birth to baby girl". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  7. "Royal baby: Duchess of Cambridge gives birth to boy". bbc.co.uk. 23 April 2018. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  8. "The Duchess of Cambridge". Royal Household. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  9. Samuelson, Kate (25 August 2017). "How Princes William and Harry Are Carrying on Causes Close to Princess Diana's Heart". Time magazine. Archived from the original on 7 June 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  10. Thomas-Bailey, Carlene; Zoe Wood (30 March 2012). "How the 'Duchess of Cambridge effect' is helping British fashion in US". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  11. "Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, and Pippa Middleton – 2012 TIME 100: The Most Influential People in the World – TIME". TIME.com. 18 April 2012. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  12. "The 2013 Time 100". Time magazine. 18 April 2013. Archived from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
  13. Warde, Alan (2013). Cultural Consumption, Classification and Power. Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 9781317982227. Retrieved 1 May 2014. ...Kate Middleton is privately educated (courtesy of paternal family trust funds established decades ago)...and ...is from a wealthy upper-middle-class family...
  14. Smith, Sean (2011). Kate – A Biography of Kate Middleton. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781451661569. Retrieved 1 May 2016. ...family trusts were set up over 100 years ago..."(Middleton's ) family were upper-middle-class observed a family friend"...
  15. "Class exclusive: Seven in 10 of us belong to Middle Britain". The Independent. UK. 20 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016. The next poshest, Kate Middleton, is regarded as upper middle class...
  16. Price, Joann. F. (2011). Prince William: A Biography. ABC-CLIO. p. 130. ISBN 9780313392863. Retrieved 2 May 2016. .... She (Kate Middleton) is a woman from an upper-middle-class family...
  17. Rayner, Gordon (13 September 2013). "'Middle-class' Duchess of Cambridge's relative wore crown and attended George V's coronation". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016. "To my mind it's just silly to describe Kate as middle-class", (says Reed)
  18. Jobson 2010, p. 32.
  19. Adams, William Lee (14 April 2011). "Kate Middleton's Secret Confirmation: How Religious Is the Future Princess?". Time. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
  20. Westfahl, Gary (2015). A Day in a Working Life: 300 Trades and Professions through History. ABC-CLIO. p. 1232. ISBN 9781610694032. Retrieved 25 July 2017. ...Michael Middleton (1949 – ), a flight dispatcher with connections to a distinguished family...
  21. Bradbury, Poppy (3 May 2011), "Kate Middleton's mum's old school hosts Royal Wedding party", Ealing Gazette, archived from the original on 21 March 2012
  22. "Money and the Middletons". The Daily Telegraph. Australia. 21 April 2011. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
  23. "About us". PartyPieces.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 January 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
  24. Dominic Kennedy; Alex Ralph (26 November 2010). "How Kate Middleton's family made their money with Party Pieces website". The Australian. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  25. Rayner, Gordon (13 September 2013). "'Middle-class' Duchess of Cambridge's relative wore crown and attended George V's coronation". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016. Two of her father Michael's relations were baronesses who were invited to successive coronations, and one of them, Baroness Airedale, was photographed wearing a coronet and ceremonial robes on the day of George V's coronation in 1911.....some of the family wealth trickled down to the Duchess and her siblings through trust funds set up decades ago to pay for the education of members of the family
  26. "Kate Middleton Biography Duchess (1982–)". A&E Television Networks. Archived from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016. It was on this job at British Airways that Carole met Michael Middleton, a dispatcher, whose wealthy family hails from Leeds and which has ties to British aristocracy.
  27. Reed, Michael (2016). "Gledhow Hall". House and Heritage – David Poole. Archived from the original on 6 September 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  28. Wilson, Christopher (26 July 2013). "The Middletons deserve a title, step forward the Earl and Countess of Fairfax". UK Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016. As long ago as 1926, the Middleton family played host to the Queen's aunt, Princess Mary and another relative ... was a friend of George V
  29. "Headrow, Permanent House". Leodis – a Photographic Archive of Leeds. City of Leeds. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016. As Chairman of the Leeds General Infirmary, Henry (Dubs Middleton) had played host to Princess Mary when she visited the Leeds General Infirmary in 1932
  30. Reitwiesner, William Addams (2011). Child, Christopher Challender (ed.). The Ancestry of Catherine Middleton. Scott Campbell Steward. Boston, Massachusetts: New England Historic Genealogical Society. pp. 9, 16. ISBN 978-0-88082-252-7. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  31. Rayner, Gordon (7 March 2011). "Kate Middleton family photos reveal her time in Jordan". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  32. "Profiles – Kate Middleton". Hello!. August 2001. Archived from the original on 21 June 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
  33. "Duchess of Cambridge returns to St Andrew's School". BBC News. 30 December 2012. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  34. Roberts, Laura (17 November 2010). "Royal wedding: 50 things you may not know about Kate Middleton and Prince William". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  35. "World press gather outside Middleton family home in Bucklebury as royal relationship ends". Newbury Today. 14 April 2007. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011.
  36. Claudia Joseph (2011). Kate: The Making of a Princess. Mainstream Publishing. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-907195-35-8. Archived from the original on 4 December 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2015. One of the first girls Kate met ... was Jessica Hay who showed (Kate) up to their dormitory...
  37. "Duchess of Cambridge plays hockey at Olympic park – video". The Guardian. 15 March 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  38. Blair, Olivia (1 November 2017). "This is what Kate Middleton did for a living before royal life". Cosmopolitan. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  39. Jones, Michelle (28 April 2011). "Kate scrubbed my deck, says Cape skipper". Independent News & Media. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  40. "Duchess of Cambridge reveals studying psychology at university inspired her charity work". Telegraph Media Group Limited. The Telegraph. 21 November 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  41. Ledbetter, Carly (12 December 2019). "Kate Middleton Once Had A Server Job And Says She Was 'Terrible' At It". Verizon Media. HuffPost.
  42. Martin, Rachael. "The reason Kate met Prince Philip long before she met Prince William!". Woman's Own. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  43. Ward, Victoria. "Victory for Kate Middleton as men-only university club splinters". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  44. Cramb, Auslan (25 February 2011). "Prince William and Kate Middleton return to St Andrews University for anniversary celebrations". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  45. Lyall, Sarah (21 April 2011). "Fixating on a Future Royal as Elusive as Cinderella". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  46. Peck, Sally (29 November 2007). "Kate Middleton puts on a show for Unicef". Telegraph Media Group Limited. The Telegraph.
  47. Mullin, Cheyrl (29 April 2013). "Duchess of Cambridge visits Naomi House on second wedding anniversary". Daily Post. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  48. Durpe, Elyse (23 May 2018). "Kate Middleton Reflects on Her Most Cherished Aspect of Family Life". NBC Universal. E! News. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  49. Simpson, Aislinn (17 September 2008). "Prince William's girlfriend Kate Middleton dons 1980s rollerskating gear". Telegraph Media Group Limited. The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  50. Hoggard, Liz (21 July 2008). "Kate's not precious. She mucked in at Jigsaw". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  51. Ong, Micah (12 December 2018). "How Kate Middleton Proved Herself Worthy Of Prince William To Queen Elizabeth". IBT Media. International Business Times. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  52. Eden, Richard (12 December 2009). "Duchess of Cornwall takes Kate Middleton's charity to her heart". Telegraph Media Group Limited. The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  53. Owen, Ed. "Jeweller Boodles bows to online sales trend". Campaign. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  54. Edwards, Richard. "Prince William and Kate Middleton take ringside seats at boxing ball" (8 June 2008). Telegraph Media Group Limited. The Telegraph.
  55. Langone, Alix (6 April 2018). "Kate Middleton Had a Massive Fortune Before She Was a Duchess. Here's What We Know About the Royal's Net Worth". Time magazine. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  56. Cramb, Auslan (25 February 2011). "Prince William and Kate Middleton return to St Andrews University for anniversary celebrations". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2015. In their first year, they lived a few doors apart at St Salvator's hall...
  57. "The true story: How Wills and Kate really met". The New Zealand Herald. 13 April 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  58. "Kate Middleton's transparent dress sparks global interest at auction". The Telegraph. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  59. Peskoe, Ashley (12 April 2011). "The Start of Prince William and Kate Middleton's Love Story". ABC News. Archived from the original on 17 August 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  60. Rayner, Gordon (17 November 2010). "Royal wedding: schoolgirl dream comes true for Kate Middleton, the 'princess in waiting'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  61. Jobson, Robert (23 October 2013). "Profiles: Prince George's godparents". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  62. "Wills and the Real Girl". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  63. "William graduates from Sandhurst". BBC News. 15 December 2006. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  64. "Royal wedding: The Kate Middleton story". BBC News. 16 November 2010. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  65. "Prince William splits from Kate". BBC News. 14 April 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  66. "'Paparazzi chase' concerns prince". BBC News. 5 October 2007. Archived from the original on 12 December 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  67. Alderson, Andrew; Nikkah, Roya (17 May 2008). "Royal wedding: Peter Phillips and Autumn Kelly tie the knot". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  68. "William made Knight of the Garter". BBC. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  69. Nikkah, Roya (19 July 2008). "Kate Middleton attends another royal wedding". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
  70. "Prince William and Catherine Middleton: The Royal Wedding of 2011". Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  71. "Prince William and Kate revisit former home of Anglesey". BBC. 8 May 2019.
  72. "First look inside the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's Anglesey home". The Telegraph. 23 September 2013.
  73. "Prince William to marry Kate Middleton next year". BBC News. 16 November 2010. Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  74. "Royal wedding: profile of Kate Middleton". The Telegraph. 16 November 2010. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  75. "His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales and Miss Catherine Middleton are engaged to be married" (Press release). Clarence House. 16 November 2010. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015 – via princeofwales.gov.uk.
  76. Bates, Stephen (23 November 2010). "Royal wedding date set for 29 April". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  77. "2 billion tune into Royal Wedding". News.com.au. 1 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2 May 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
  78. ""REVEALED: Royal Wedding TV audience closer to 300m than 2bn (because sport, not royalty, reigns)", by Nick Harris at". Sportingintelligence.com. 8 May 2011. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  79. de Moraes, Lisa (28 April 2011). "The TV Column: Counting royal wedding watchers .?.?. before the wedding?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  80. Beckford, Martin (29 April 2011). "Royal wedding: Prince William and Kate Middleton become Duke and Duchess of Cambridge". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013. Buckingham Palace said in a statement published at 8 am on Friday: 'The Queen has today been pleased to confer a Dukedom on Prince William of Wales. 'His titles will be Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus. 'Prince William thus becomes His Royal Highness The Duke of Cambridge and Miss Catherine Middleton on marriage will become Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge.'
  81. "Kate and William make media plea for privacy during stay in Norfolk". The Guardian. 7 May 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  82. Pasquini, Maria (22 November 2020). "Prince William and Kate Middleton Mourn the Death of Family Dog Lupo: 'We Will Miss Him So Much'". People. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  83. "Royal pregnancy: Duchess leaves hospital". BBC News. 6 December 2012. Archived from the original on 6 December 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  84. "The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are expecting a baby". Clarence House. 3 December 2012. Archived from the original on 6 December 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  85. "Royal baby: Duchess of Cambridge expecting third child". BBC News. 4 September 2017. Archived from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  86. "Royal princess named as Charlotte". BBC News. 4 May 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  87. "Royal baby: Duchess of Cambridge goes into labour". BBC News. 23 April 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  88. "Royal Residences: Kensington Palace". The Royal Family. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  89. "The Duchess of Cambridge in pictures (slide 26)". The Telegraph. 3 December 2012. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  90. "Royal wedding: William and Kate's Anglesey visit". BBC News. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  91. Cramb, Auslan (25 February 2011). "Prince William and Kate Middleton return to St Andrews University for anniversary celebrations". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  92. "Prince William and Kate Middleton charm Belfast crowds". BBC News. 8 March 2011. Archived from the original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  93. "The Duchess of Cambridge in pictures (slide 31)". The Telegraph. 3 December 2012. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  94. "Timeline: William & Kate's romance (slide 21)". CBS News. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  95. "Barack Obama and Michelle meet Prince William and Kate at Buckingham Palace". The Telegraph. 24 May 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  96. "HRH Prince William of Wales and Miss Catherine Middleton to undertake a Royal tour of Canada" (Press release). Clarence House. 16 February 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015 – via www.princeofwales.gov.uk.
  97. "William and Kate celebrate Canada Day". BBC. 1 July 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  98. DERSCHOWITZ, Jessica (2 July 2011). "William and Kate cap off Canada Day with concert, fireworks". CBS News. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  99. Schwartz, Alison. "Prince William & Kate Plant a Tree to Symbolize Love". People. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  100. "Prince William and Kate attend polo match in Santa Barbara". CBS News. 9 July 2011. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  101. "Royal newly-weds to visit US after Canada tour". BBC News. 5 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  102. Ramsdale, Suzannah (28 October 2011). "K-Mid to the Rescue". Sky Living HD. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  103. "William and Kate visit Unicef famine relief depot in Copenhagen". BBC News. 2 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  104. "Photo story: William and Kate visit UNICEF Supply Centre". unicef.org.uk. 2 November 2011. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
  105. "Duchess of Cambridge presents shamrocks to Irish Guards". BBC News. 17 March 2012. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  106. "Kate Middleton gives first public speech (2:51)". The Washington Post. 6 April 2012. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  107. "Royals made ambassadors of London 2012 Olympic Games". The Guardian. 1 December 2011. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  108. "The Royal Family and the Paralympics". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
  109. Singh, Anita (15 December 2011). "Jubilee: royal trip to paradise for Duke and Duchess". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  110. "Duchess of Cambridge's first speech outside of the UK reaffirms support for global hospice movement". wpca.org. Archived from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  111. "Duchess of Cambridge gives first speech abroad". BBC News. 13 September 2012. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  112. "Kate Middleton pretty in pink Emilia Wickstead at Queen's Jubilee lunch". Marie Claire. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  113. Sutherland, Mark. "Paul McCartney, Elton John Honor Queen at Diamond Jubilee Concert". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  114. Diamond Jubilee Pageant Guests, The Telegraph, 3 June 2012
  115. "Duchess of Cambridge attends Anglesey ultra marathon". BBC News. 30 August 2013. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  116. "Kate Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge Accompanies Prince William To Anglesey Marathon". The Huffington Post. 30 August 2013. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  117. "Duchess of Cambridge". Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
  118. "Royal Tour New Zealand: William, Kate and George Take Break in Wellington Ahead of Hectic Programme". IB Times. 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 11 April 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  119. "Royal visit: Prince William and Kate arrive in Sydney with Prince George for 10-day Australian tour". ABC News. 15 April 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  120. "Royal tour of New Zealand and Australia: where the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge should visit". The Daily Telegraph. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  121. "Prince William and Kate enjoy tea with veterans in Normandy". Hello!. 6 June 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  122. "Duchess of Cambridge to make solo trip to Malta". BBC News. 21 July 2014. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  123. "Pregnant Duchess of Cambridge withdraws from Malta trip". BBC News. 18 September 2014. Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  124. Gardner, Bill (9 December 2014). "Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in the USA: live". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  125. "Profile: Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge". BBC. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  126. "The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge: Spring 2016 visit announcement". The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge official website. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  127. "Prince William and Kate visit India – in pictures". The Guardian. 10 April 2016.
  128. Hume, Tim (14 April 2016). "Duke and Duchess of Cambridge meet 'William and Kate of the Himalayas'". CNN. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  129. Rodriguez, Cecilia (26 September 2016). "Kate Middleton, Prince William And Their Kids In Canada: Behind The Adoring Welcome". Forbes. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  130. "Princess Kate Visits the Netherlands in First Solo Foreign Trip as a Royal". ABC News. 11 October 2016. Archived from the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  131. Rodriguez, Cecilia (18 March 2017). "Kate Middleton And Prince William Charm Paris: Best Photos Of A Glamorous Diplomatic Trip". Forbes. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  132. Furness, Hannah (17 July 2017). "Prince George takes some gentle coaxing from his father as royals arrive in Poland for 'Brexit diplomacy' tour". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  133. Rodriguez, Cecilia (21 July 2017). "Kate Middleton, Prince William And Kids In Germany: The Best Photos From Their Charm And Fashion Diplomacy". Forbes. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  134. Duboff, Josh (31 July 2017). "Kate Middleton Repeats an Iconic Look in Belgium". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  135. D. Michael Jackson (2018). The Canadian Kingdom: 150 Years of Constitutional Monarchy. Dundurn. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-4597-4119-5.
  136. "Kate Middleton stuns in powder blue suit as she makes solo visit to Luxembourg". The Independent. 11 May 2017. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  137. Gajanan, Mahita (30 January 2018). "See Prince William and Kate Middleton With the Swedish Royal Family". Time. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  138. "Facebook Instagram Twitter Youtube The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in Northern Ireland: Day One". The Royal Family. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  139. Moniuszko, Sara M. (27 February 2019). "Duchess Kate stuns in red coat for surprise Northern Ireland visit with Prince William". USA Today. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  140. Newbold, Alice. "The Duchess Of Cambridge Is Applauded By Thousands As She Takes The Royal Salute In Catherine Walker". British Vogue. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  141. "Kate Middleton Beams as She Receives Prestigious First Salute During Military Concert". E! Online. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  142. Furness, Hannah (29 June 2019). "Duke and Duchess of Cambridge defy security fears with plan to retrace Diana's footsteps during royal tour of Pakistan". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  143. "Kate speaks in Urdu as she joins William at children's village in Lahore". ITV. 17 October 2019.
  144. "CNN interviews the Duchess of Cambridge". CNN. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  145. "Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visit Ireland".
  146. "Prince William and Kate Middleton Meet with Ukraine's President and First Lady at Buckingham Palace".
  147. "Covid: William and Kate plan train tour to thank key workers". BBC. 6 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  148. Perry, Simon. "Kate Middleton and Prince William Kick Off Final Day of Royal Train Tour with Trip to a Castle!". People. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  149. "The Royal Train Tour". The Royal Family. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  150. Davies, Caroline; Elgot, Jessica (8 December 2020). "Lukewarm welcome for William and Kate in royal tour of Scotland and Wales". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  151. Neilan, Catherine. "UK drops law-breaking clauses from Internal Market Bill after reaching new Brexit agreement with EU". The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  152. "The Prince William & Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund". Royal Wedding Charity Fund. Archived from the original on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  153. Bates, Stephen (16 March 2011). "Royal wedding: William and Kate ask for donations to charity". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  154. Ward, Victoria (16 March 2011). "William and Catherine ask for charity donations in lieu of wedding gifts". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  155. Holden, Michael (16 March 2011). "William and Catherine set up royal wedding charity fund". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  156. Rayner, Gordon (17 July 2012). "'Kate effect' boosts Princes' charity by £4.2m". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  157. Alleyne, Richard (5 January 2012). "The charities chosen by the Duchess of Cambridge". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  158. "Duchess of Cambridge announces charity patronages". BBC News. 5 January 2012. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
  159. "HRH The Duchess of Cambridge becomes Royal Patron of". The Art Room. 5 January 2012. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  160. "Charities". The Duchess of Cambridge. Clarence House. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  161. Foster, Max (5 January 2012). "Catherine unveils her chosen charity causes". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  162. "Kate Middleton Visits Recovering Drug Addicts At Charity Visit". Huffington Post. 3 February 2012. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  163. "100 Women in Hedge Funds: Royal Patronage of UK Philanthropic initiatives". www.100womeninhedgefunds.org. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  164. Alleyne, Richard (5 January 2013). "Duchess of Cambridge to be a Scout leader as well as patron of four charities". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  165. Betancourt, Bianca (29 September 2020). "Kate Middleton Sports Skinny Jeans and Platform Hiking Boots for Her Latest Engagement". Harper's Bazaar. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  166. Petit, Stephanie (30 October 2018). "Kate Middleton Debuts a Brand New Look for the Gym (in Heels!)". People. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  167. Olivia Parker (17 October 2012). "Duchess of Cambridge gives addiction charity royal support". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  168. Laing, Karen. "M-PACT+: supporting families affected by parental substance misuse". Research Gate. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  169. "Duchess Of Cambridge Makes An M-PACT In London". Look to the Stars. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  170. "Royal Air Force Cadets". Home – RAF Air Cadets. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  171. "Duchess of Cambridge becomes RAF Air Cadets patron". BBC News. 16 December 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  172. "Lawn Tennis Association pays tribute to Her Majesty The Queen". Lawn Tennis Association. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
  173. "The AELTC pays tribute to Her Majesty The Queen". AELTC. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
  174. "A New Year and A New Royal Patron". www.actionforchildren.org.uk. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
  175. Adamiyatt, Roxanne (30 January 2018). "Kate Middleton Cut Her Hair Into a Lob for This Touching Reason". US Magazine. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  176. "The Duchess of Cambridge becomes the Patron of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Nursing Now campaign". The Royal Family. 27 February 2018. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  177. Buxton Smith, Olivia (27 February 2018). "The Duchess of Cambridge pays sartorial tribute to nurses as she launches Nursing Now campaign". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  178. Blott, U. (1 March 2018). "The Duchess of Cambridge says Prince William is 'in denial' about third child". New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018. This campaign means a lot to me personally. My great-grandmother and grandmother were both volunteer nurses...
  179. Ward, Victoria (4 August 2020). "Duchess hails Red Cross as part of her family". UK Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 August 2020. The Duchess, 38, wrote...in a personal letter sent to 150 "outstanding" Red Cross staff and volunteers, the Royal [Duchess] highlighted her own family ties with the organisation...[the Duchess's great-grandmother] Mrs Middleton, nee Lupton became a nurse working at Gledhow Hall, in Leeds, home to her second cousin, Baroness Airedale...The Duchess revealed that her paternal grandmother [Valerie Middleton] served in a Voluntary Aid Detachment with the British Red Cross....
  180. Furness, H. (15 February 2018). "Duchess of Cambridge to become champion of nurses". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018. The Duchess' own great-grandmother, Olive Middleton, is known to have worked as a nurse, caring for wounded servicemen after the Leeds estate belonging to a cousin – Florence, Baroness Airedale – was turned into a field hospital. There, in Gledhow Hall, she is reported to have nursed men...
  181. McBride, Caitlin (21 March 2018). "Kate Middleton heralds the arrival of spring with bespoke Jenny Packham coat". Irish Independent. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  182. Kensington Palace [@KensingtonRoyal] (26 March 2018). "The Duchess of Cambridge is to become the first Royal Patron of the Victoria and Albert Museum" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  183. Berrington, Katie (26 March 2018). "The Duchess of Cambridge Announces New Cultural Role". Vogue. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  184. Furness, Hannah (25 June 2019). "Duchess of Cambridge made patron of Royal Photographic Society, taking over from Queen after 67 years". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  185. "Project marks 75th anniversary of the end of the Holocaust". Royal Photographic Society. 26 January 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  186. Perry, Simon (9 July 2019). "Kate Middleton Inspires Kids to Spend Time in Nature: 'The Great Outdoors Is an Open Playground'". People. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  187. "King's Cup: William finishes ahead of Kate in yacht race". BBC. 8 August 2019. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  188. Yasharoff, Hannah (4 December 2019). "After 65 years, Queen Elizabeth hands over charity patronage to Duchess Kate". USA Today. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  189. "THE KATE EFFECT: THE DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE IS ASKING 5 BIG QUESTIONS ABOUT EARLY YEARS". University of Northampton. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  190. "THE DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE AND THE ROYAL FOUNDATION TO RELEASE LANDMARK RESEARCH ON THE EARLY YEARS THIS WEEK". The Royal Foundation. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  191. Perry, Simon. "Kate Middleton Makes Exciting Announcement About Her Passion Project for Young Families". People. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  192. Perry, Simon. "Kate Middleton's 'Influential' Work for Children and Families Will Likely Have a 'Long-Term Impact': Expert". People. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  193. Perry, Simon (26 November 2020). "Kate Middleton's Survey Unveils 'Serious Milestone' In Her Long-Running Work for Young Families". People. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  194. "STATE OF THE NATION: UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC ATTITUDES TO THE EARLY YEARS" (PDF). The Royal Foundation. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  195. Leslie, Mark (7 June 2020). "New Sandringham photograph released by Kate and William". Lynn News. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  196. Hall, Ellie (1 May 2020). "The British Royal Family Released New Photos Of Princess Charlotte For Her 5th Birthday". Buzzfeed News. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  197. Halberg, Morgan (14 August 2020). "Kate Middleton Endorsed a New Childhood Development Initiative". Observer. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  198. Hallemann, Caroline. "Kate Middleton Steps Out in Sneakers and a Pretty Green Dress For a Visit to a Baby Charity". Town & Country. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  199. "Kate Middleton wears face mask during visit to Sheffield baby bank". ITV. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  200. "Thank you for being part of #HoldStill2020!". Instagram. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  201. "The Duchess of Cambridge launches Hold Still project". ITV. 7 May 2020. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  202. Foussianes, Chloe (20 October 2020). "Kate Middleton Wore a Red Alexander McQueen Coat to Mark the Launch of Her Hold Still Photo Show". Town & Country. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  203. "Having seen the incredible response from people around the UK to the digital exhibition." Instagram. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  204. Puente, Maria (14 November 2020). "Duchess Kate video concludes her successful 'Hold Still' pandemic photo project". USA Today. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  205. Perry, Simon. "Kate Middleton and Prince William Arrive in Scotland for First Stop of British Tour on Royal Train". People. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  206. "Kate Middleton Secretly Volunteered During Pandemic with Calls to Caregiver: 'Call Me Catherine'". People. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  207. Wray, Meaghan (11 May 2018). "How Duchess Kate puts mothers first in her charity work". Hello! Canada. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  208. "Kate Middleton Visits St Thomas' Hospital". ABC News. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  209. "Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge Visits The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Centre". Telegraph. 25 January 2018. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  210. "Kate Middleton Came Up With the Idea for Heads Together on the Back of a Cigarette Pack".
  211. Riotta, Chris (21 April 2017). "Kate Middleton Talks Mental Health, Princess Diana's Death With Prince William And Harry In New Video". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  212. "The Duchess Launches Heads Together's new mental health project for young children". Heads Together. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  213. Petit, Stephanie (13 February 2019). "Kate Middleton Steps Out in Total Tweed for Conference Championing Two Causes Close to Her Heart". People. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  214. Durand, Carolyn (23 January 2018). "Princess Kate launches mental health program for schools: 'My own commitment is to the youngest and most vulnerable'". ABC News. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  215. "Mentally Healthy Schools". The Royal Foundation. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  216. "Our Royal Patron". Place2Be. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  217. Nicholl, Katie (24 February 2016). "Kate Middleton Steps Up Appearances While Prince William Comes Under Fire". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 2 November 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  218. Duboff, Josh (17 February 2016). "Kate Middleton Embarks on Her Day of Blogging, with the Help of Michelle Obama". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  219. McRady, Rachel (25 August 2016). "Kate Middleton stuns in red after meeting James Corden's sister at charity event with Prince William". AOL Entertainment. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  220. Whittaker, Alexandra (12 December 2017). "Kate Middleton and Prince William Now Share a Huge Honor with Queen Elizabeth". InStyle. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  221. Durand, Carolyn; Kindelan, Katie (28 February 2018). "Meghan Markle speaks out about #MeToo movement, calls for women to be 'empowered' to use their voices". ABC News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  222. Robinson, Matthew (10 February 2019). "Duchess of Cambridge's Chelsea Flower Show garden plans unveiled". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  223. Furness, Hannah (20 May 2019). "George gives Duchess of Cambridge '20 out of 10' for her Chelsea garden". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  224. "Chelsea Flower Show: Duchess visits garden with schoolchildren". BBC. 20 May 2019. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  225. "Kate Middleton's garden design for Chelsea Flower Show unveiled". news.com.au. 10 February 2019. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  226. Perry, Simon (1 July 2019). "Kate Middleton Hosts Picnic for Children in Her Specially Designed Garden — at a Palace!". People. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  227. Kosin, Julie (9 May 2019). "The Cambridges & Sussexes Launch Mental Health Texting Service Shout". Harper's Bazaar. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  228. Nolasco, Stephanie (7 October 2019). "Prince Harry, Meghan Markle reunite with Prince William, Kate Middleton for mental health PSA". Fox News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  229. McKnight, Jenni (29 March 2020). "Kate Middleton and Prince William endorse new mental health initiative during coronavirus lockdown". Hello!. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  230. Shirbon, Estelle; Hardcasle, Elaine (3 May 2020). "Kate calls midwives and parents to highlight mental health issues". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  231. Kate Middleton in Vanity Fair's Best-Dressed List Archived 13 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine TheGloss, 1 August 2008
  232. Kate Middleton's Style: Fit For A Future Princess? Archived 3 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Huffington Post, 16 November 2010
  233. Clare Coulson (3 January 2007). "Style Winners and Losers". The Telegraph. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  234. "Kate Middleton (Elizabeth Catherine), Duchess of Cambridge Style Icon 2012". womenfitness.net. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  235. "Knowles, Stefani make mags 'best dressed'". USA Today. Associated Press. 12 September 2007. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  236. "Fabulous Fashion Independents". CBS News. Archived from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  237. Evelyn Crowley (June 2008). "Kate Middleton". Style.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  238. The International Best-Dressed List Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Vanity Fair. 29 July 2008. Retrieved 31 July 2008.
  239. Serjeant, Jill (8 February 2011). "Kate Middleton deemed top fashion buzzword". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  240. White, Belinda (27 January 2012). "Kate Middleton crowned 'Hat Person of the Year'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  241. "Kate Middleton: Vanity Fair's Best-Dressed and September Cover Girl 2012". Archived from the original on 18 August 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  242. "The International Best-Dressed Hall of Fame 2015". Vanity Fair. 5 August 2015. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  243. "Culture, attraction and soft power" (PDF). British Council. 3 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  244. "Shakespeare 'a cultural icon' abroad". BBC. 3 December 2016. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  245. "The Duchess Is Vogue's Centenary Cover Star". Vogue UK. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  246. "The Duchess Of Cambridge: Making Of A Vogue Centenary Cover". Vogue. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  247. "The Duchess Is Vogue's Centenary Cover Star". Vogue. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  248. "Royal Family lead Tatler's 2018 best-dressed Brits list". BBC. 2 August 2018. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  249. Smith, Sean (2011). Kate: A Biography of Kate Middleton. Simon and Schuster. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-4516-6156-9. Archived from the original on 30 September 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  250. "Why Kate Middleton Remains a "Global Fashion Phenomenon"". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  251. "PEOPLE & PARTIES Chart The Duchess Of Cambridge's Life In Style". Vogue UK. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  252. "Kate Middleton's Tour of Canada: A Designer Scorecard". The New York Times. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  253. "Can Kate Middleton Bring Back Pantyhose?". Jezebel. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  254. "Why Kate Middleton Is the Queen of Coats". Vogue. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  255. "Kate Middleton's Style File - Every One Of Her Most Stylish Looks". Elle UK. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  256. "20 Times Kate Middleton Looked Like Royalty in a Tea-Length Dress". Cafe Mom. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  257. "The Pussy-Bow Blouse Is Back Thanks To Kate Middleton, Margaret Thatcher And Princess Diana". Grazia Daily UK. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  258. "Steal Kate Middleton's Look With These Classic Blazers". Southern Living. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  259. "Kate Middleton Just Wore This Royal-Loved Brand (Again), and It's on Sale at Nordstrom". People. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  260. "Kate Middleton Has Perfected Her Working Wardrobe". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  261. Guyon, Janet (19 October 2016). "Kate Middleton's pretty blue suit has revived interest in a quiet fashion label favored by Princess Diana". Quartz. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  262. "The Duchess Directory: The ultimate guide to Kate's favourite fashion brands". Marie Claire. 23 April 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  263. Hutchings, Lucy (1 June 2018). "Duchess of Cambridge: Style File". British Vogue. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  264. "12 brands that Kate Middleton can't stop wearing". Insider. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  265. "16 Times The Duchess Of Cambridge Stunned In Alexander McQueen". British Vogue. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  266. "The Duchess Directory: The ultimate guide to Kate's favourite fashion brands". Marie Claire UK. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  267. Foussianes, Chloe. "Kate Middleton Pairs the Lover's Knot Tiara with an Alexander McQueen Dress for the Dutch State Dinner". Town & Country. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  268. Duboff, Josh. "Kate Middleton Goes Greek Goddess with a Dramatic Formal Look in Norway". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  269. Bailey, Alyssa. "Kate Middleton Stuns In A Navy Alexander McQueen Gown And Tiara At The Queen's Diplomatic Corps Reception". Elle.
  270. "19 TIMES KATE MIDDLETON MADE HIGH STREET LOOK HIGH END". Harper's Bazaar Australia. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  271. "How to Shop Zara Like Kate Middleton". WhoWhatWear. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  272. "30 times the Duchess of Cambridge dressed like Princess Diana". The Telegraph. 17 January 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  273. Holt, Bethan (28 February 2017). "How The Duchess of Cambridge has developed a 'caring wardrobe' just like Diana's". The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  274. Hill, Erin (18 February 2018). "Kate Middleton Hits the Red Carpet in Deep Green Amid BAFTA's Time's Up All-Black Dress Code". People. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  275. Duboff, Josh (18 February 2018). "Kate Middleton Opts for a Subtle Nod to the #MeToo Movement at the BAFTA Awards". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  276. Berlinger, Joshua (19 February 2018). "Duchess of Cambridge opts for green as black dresses sweep BAFTAs". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  277. Hill, Erin (19 February 2018). "Kate Middleton Steps Out in Black-and-White for Fashion Event Amid BAFTA Dress Code Backlash". People. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  278. "Paparazzi's role in Diana accident". BBC News. 9 April 2000. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  279. Cowell, Alan; Burns, John F. (14 September 2012). "Royal Couple Sue Over Photos of Topless Duchess". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  280. Wicks, Kevin. "Kate Middleton: A Paparazzi Target Who Rivals Princess Diana". Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  281. "The most iconic photo from every year of Prince William and Kate Middleton's relationship". Insider. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  282. "Ex-royal aide condemns paparazzi". BBC News. 9 January 2007. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  283. "Profile: Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge". BBC. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  284. Rubin, Courtney; Nudd, Tim (16 January 2007). "Kate Middleton Seeks Privacy from Paparazzi". People. Archived from the original on 9 May 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
  285. Gillespie, James; Mansey, Kate; Follain, John (16 September 2012). "Nowhere to hide". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  286. Woods, Richard (21 February 2010). "Kate Middleton set for £10,000 privacy victory". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  287. Singh, Anita (11 March 2010). "Kate Middleton wins damages from paparazzi agency". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  288. As measured using Michelin Route Planner Archived 23 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
  289. Malvern, Jack; Connolly, Sue (15 September 2012). "Spying photographers may have taken their shots of a secluded chateau from the road". The Times. pp. 6–7.
  290. "Kate and William to make criminal complaint over topless shots". BBC News. 16 September 2012. Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  291. "Kate topless photos: French injunction against magazine". BBC News. 18 September 2012. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  292. "Insurance/Reinsurance Bulletin August 2011 – Insurance and punitive damages in France". Holman Fenwick Willan, solicitors. 2012. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  293. "French Legislation on Privacy". Embassy of France in Washington. 2 December 2007. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  294. Schofield, Hugh (17 September 2012). "Kate topless pictures: Criminal and legal cases". BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  295. "Kate topless pics: Closer magazine to pay royals in €100k damages". Sky News. 5 September 2017. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  296. Rayner, Gordon (8 December 2012). "Prank call plays on after death". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  297. Byrnes, Holly; Harris, Amy; Ritchie, Dean; Marie, Erin (10 December 2012). "2Day FM DJs Michael Christian and Mel Greig 'shattered, gutted'". Herald Sun. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  298. "The Royal Family Is Angered By Kate Middleton Baby Bump Photos". B96 Chicago. 13 February 2013. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  299. "Australian paper publishes Kate Middleton's controversial picture". Deccan Chronicle. 28 May 2014. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  300. "A letter from Kensington Palace". www.princeofwales.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  301. Perry, Simon; Petit, Stephanie (27 May 2020). "Palace Issues Rare Statement Blasting 'Inaccuracies' in Report That Kate Middleton Is Stressed". People. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  302. Halberg, Morgan (21 September 2020). "Tatler Finally Edited Its Controversial Profile of Kate Middleton". Observer. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  303. "Prince George's birth officially registered". BBC News. 2 August 2013. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  304. Beckford, Martin (29 April 2011). "Prince William and Kate Middleton's new titles revealed". Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  305. "Royal baby: Prince William and Kate expecting second child". BBC News. 8 September 2014. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  306. Majesty/Joe Little [@MajestyMagazine] (23 October 2018). "The Duchess of Cambridge is wearing the family order for the second time. Its first outing was at the Diplomatic Corps reception in December" (Tweet). Retrieved 23 October 2018 – via Twitter.
  307. Gonzales, Erica (23 October 2018). "Kate Middleton Is Covered in Jewels for a State Dinner at Buckingham Palace". Harper's Bazaar. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  308. "The Duchess of Cambridge appointed to the Royal Victorian Order". The Royal Family. 29 April 2019. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  309. Palmer, Richard (30 March 2017). "William and Kate to receive highest Tuvalu award... for just VISITING the nation". Express. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  310. Rees, Alex (6 July 2011). "Kate Middleton Was Made an Honorary Canadian Ranger Yesterday". The Cut. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  311. "The Duke of Edinburgh Hands Air Cadet Patronage to The Duchess of Cambridge, 16 December 2015". Royal Air Force. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  312. Tominey, Camilla (14 February 2016). "Truth behind Prince George's love of aviation". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  313. The Canadian Press (26 July 2011). "UW award honours Duke and Duchess of Cambridge". CTV. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  314. "University of Waterloo offers Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Award". Canada News Wire. 26 July 2011. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  315. Rayner, Gordon (27 September 2013). "Duke and Duchess of Cambridge get a joint coat of arms". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015. Includes full-color image of the conjugal arms and supporters.
  316. "The arms of Miss Catherine Middleton". College of Arms. 1 May 2011. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  317. Brooke-Little, J.P. (1978) [1950]. "XII – Marshalling". Boutell's Heraldry. London: Frederick Warne. ISBN 978-0-7232-2096-1.
  318. "Coat of Arms of Duchess of Cambridge". dukeandduchessofcambridge.org. 14 November 2012. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012.
  319. Hughes, A. (27 November 2017). "Kate Middleton family tree: Lineage of Prince William's 'commoner' wife MAPPED". UK Daily Express. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2020. ...her [Kate's] father, who came from a wealthy family with ties to the British aristocracy...[Michael's] family used to entertain members of the British Royal Family in Leeds in the 1920s...Richard Noel's son was Captain Peter Middleton, an airline pilot who acted as a first officer to the Duke of Edinburgh on a two-month flying tour of South America in the 1960s.
  320. Bullen, A. (2011). William & Catherine: A Royal Wedding Souvenir. Dundurn. p. 52. ISBN 9781459715073. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020. Michael had grown up in Leeds where his father, a pilot, came from forebears who were solicitors, mill-owners and minor landowners.
  321. A Photographic Archive of Leeds, Leodis. "Headingley Castle". Leeds Library and Information Service, Leeds City Council. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2015. The Luptons of Leeds were landed gentry; a political and business dynasty
  322. Rayner, Gordon (13 September 2013). "'Middle-class' Duchess of Cambridge's relative wore crown and attended George V's coronation". The Telegraph. p. 7. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015. ...relatives were very much landed gentry and some were titled...Researchers have discovered that relations of her father Michael were baronesses who were invited to successive coronations, and one of them,...was photographed wearing a coronet and ceremonial robes on the day of George V's coronation in 1911...Baroness von Schunck, was also invited to the coronation of George V...
  323. Tominey, Camilla (28 May 2020). "The Duchess of Cambridge's Ancestor Would Have Led The Fight Against Covid 19". Daily Telegraph. UK. PressReader. p. 25. Retrieved 28 June 2020. ...Greenhow, Kate's paternal great-great-greatgrandfather, was famous...died a very wealthy man in 1881 at Potternewton Hall estate where his great granddaughter Olive Middleton was born [in 1881]...
  324. Gutteridge, N. (2 July 2016). "PICTURED: Kate's great grandmother and her own extraordinary contribution to Britain's war". UK Daily Express. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019. Born Olive Lupton, she, her three brothers and sister enjoyed the life of aristocratic luxury before Britain was ravaged by the outbreak of the Great War. She grew up in opulent surroundings at the family's ancestral seat of Potternewton Hall Estate, near Leeds in Yorkshire, after being born into one of the pre-eminent families of her time.
  325. Laycock, Mike (17 March 2015). "Duchess of Cambridge's links with stately home near York revealed". The Press (York). Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015. ...he discovered previously unpublished pictures in the depths of the Leeds archives showing the Potternewton Hall Estate where Olive...(and) her blood cousin Baroness von Schunck...grew up.
  326. Wharton, Jane (June 2014). "Kate Middleton is a Brummie and related to a former Prime Minister". UK Daily Express. p. 3. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  327. Bradford, E. (2014). "THEY LIVED IN LEEDS - Francis Martineau Lupton (1848-1921)". The Thoresby Society. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2020. He had a comfortable, favoured childhood: first at Potternewton Hall, a handsome Queen Anne house, long demolished, and then at 'Beechwood', an impressive mansion (now offices) set in parkland in Elmete Lane, Roundhay...and they moved to a new, handsome house, 'Rockland', at the top of St Mary’s Road, Newton Park, built on part of the Lupton estate...In 1914 his daughter Olive married a Leeds solicitor, Richard Middleton – a union which has famously linked the family story to the ancestry of the present Duchess of Cambridge..
  328. "The Middletons – finding common ground with the royal family". The Guardian. 30 April 2011. Archived from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  329. Child, Christopher C. (Fall 2011). "A Gratifying Discovery: Connecting Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, to Sir Thomas Conyers, 9th Bt. of Horden, Durham" (PDF). American Ancestors. New England Historic Genealogical Society. pp. 35–36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  330. Adolph, Anthony. "Princess Catherine". Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  331. Rayner, Gordon (13 September 2013). "Duchess of Cambridge's relative wore crown and attended coronation of George V". Michael Middleton's descent from Edward III. The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2014. Michael Middleton is a direct descendant of Edward III

Bibliography
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
Preceded by
The Princess Royal		 Ladies
HRH The Duchess of Cambridge 		Followed by
The Duchess of Sussex
Military offices
Preceded by
The Duke of Edinburgh
As Air Commodore-in-Chief		 Air Commandant of the Air Training Corps
2015–present		 Incumbent
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.