Sarh
Sarh (Arabic: ساره), formerly French colonial Fort Archambault, is the capital of the Moyen-Chari Region and of the Department of Barh Köh in Chad.
Sarh
ساره | |
|---|---|
  Sarh Location in Chad (Moyen-Chari region highlighted) | |
| Coordinates: 09°09′N 18°23′E | |
| Country |  Chad |
| Region | Moyen-Chari Region |
| Department | Barh Köh |
| Sub-Prefecture | Sarh |
| Elevation | 347 m (1,138 ft) |
| Population (2012) | |
| • Total | 103,269 |
| Time zone | +1 |
Geography
Sarh is located on the Chari River, 350 miles (560 km) southeast of the capital city N'Djamena. It was named after the Sara people of southern Chad.[1]
It is the third largest city in Chad, after N'Djamena and Moundou.
History
Fort Archambault (Sarh) was founded by the colonial French Equatorial Africa, for returnees from the labour camps associated with the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railway. A significantly large textiles complex was constructed by the French in Sarh in 1967.
The residents of Sarh suffered a meningococcal meningitis epidemic in 1990.[2]
Economy
Sarh is now a major transport hub. It is served by the Sarh Airport (IATA airport code SRH).
It is a center for the cotton industry, due to its warm and seasonally wet climate. It is also an important center for commercial fishing in the Chari River.
The city is known as a center of nightlife in the region. Attractions in the city include the Sarh National Museum.
Climate
Sarh has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw).
| Climate data for Sarh (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 35.8 (96.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.1 (102.4) |
38.5 (101.3) |
36.2 (97.2) |
33.2 (91.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.6 (87.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.6 (92.5) |
35.5 (95.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
34.9 (94.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.7 (71.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.1 (0.00) |
1.6 (0.06) |
9.5 (0.37) |
37.4 (1.47) |
82.1 (3.23) |
135.9 (5.35) |
234.4 (9.23) |
243.7 (9.59) |
165.5 (6.52) |
55.8 (2.20) |
3.3 (0.13) |
0.0 (0.0) |
969.3 (38.16) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 86 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 33 | 29 | 37 | 50 | 61 | 72 | 79 | 82 | 80 | 73 | 57 | 42 | 58 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 266.6 | 243.6 | 244.9 | 237.0 | 241.8 | 207.0 | 173.6 | 176.7 | 186.0 | 232.5 | 261.0 | 266.6 | 2,737.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.6 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 7.5 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization (temperatures and rainy days)[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun, humidity and precipitation)[4] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Year | Population[5] |
|---|---|
| 1993 | 75,496 |
| 2008 | 108,061 |
Education
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Sarh is home to various educational institutions:
High schools
Lycées−High schools include:
- Lycée Ahmed Mangué (public)
- Lycée-Collège Charles Lwanga (private, Catholic)
- Lycée-Collège Humanité (private, Baptist)
Universities
- IUSAES—Institut Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques et de l'Environnement de Sarh — a tertiary college, established in 1997.
- University of Sarh — a public university, established in 2010
- ISMEA—Institute of Science of Management and Economic Applied — founded by NGOs, established in 2008.
See also
- Chari River topics
- Regions of Chad
References
- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- Lengeler, C; Kessler, W; Daugla, D. "The 1990 meningococcal meningitis epidemic of Sarh (Chad): how useful was an earlier mass vaccination?". Acta Trop. 59: 211–22. doi:10.1016/0001-706x(95)00081-o. PMID 7572427.
- "World Weather Information Service–Sarh". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- "Sarh Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- World Gazetteer: Chad
- "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-11-27. Retrieved 2013-12-26.