Second Koizumi Cabinet
The Second Koizumi Cabinet was the cabinet of Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi during his second term from November 2003 to September 2005. The cabinet was formed after the coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party and the Komeito was re-elected with a slightly reduced majority at the November 2003 general elections. The LDP lost 10 of its pre-election seats to become a minority in the National Diet, but immediately regained a majority by absorbing its coalition partner, the New Conservative Party.[1][2] Koizumi had reshuffled the cabinet less than two months before the election, and so made no changes when he was re-elected by the Diet on November 19.[3]
| Second Koizumi Cabinet | |
|---|---|
 88th Cabinet of Japan | |
 Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi (front row, centre) with the re-elected cabinet inside the Kantei, November 19, 2003 | |
| Date formed | November 19, 2003 |
| Date dissolved | September 21, 2005 |
| People and organisations | |
| Head of state | Emperor Akihito |
| Head of government | Junichiro Koizumi |
| Member party | LDP-NKP Majority coalition |
| Status in legislature | Coalition Majority |
| Opposition party | Democratic Party of Japan |
| Opposition leader | Naoto Kan (2003-2004) Katsuya Okada (2004-2005) |
| History | |
| Election(s) | 2003 general election 2004 councillors election |
| Predecessor | First Koizumi Cabinet |
| Successor | Third Koizumi Cabinet |
Political background
Koizumi had promised that if re-elected he would send the Self-Defence Forces to Iraq to assist with reconstruction before the end of the year, a pledge which proved unpopular during the election.[4] One month into his second term, the cabinet approved the dispatch, and the SDF joined UN peacekeeping forces in Iraq in 2004, though this action continued to damage Koizumi's standing, with polls showing the public opposed.[5][6] The Koizumi cabinet's policies of structural economic reforms continued during its second term, some of which proved controversial. In the spring of 2004 the government introduced reforms designed to cut pension costs by reducing state benefits and increasing user costs.[7] This policy was not only unpopular, but cost Koizumi a minister when Chief Cabinet Secretary Yasuo Fukuda resigned after it was revealed he had failed to make his payments.[8]
The political fallout from Iraq and the pension reforms led to poor results for the LDP in the July 2004 upper house elections. While the coalition retained its majority, and the LDP remained the largest party, the opposition DPJ narrowly won the largest number of the contested seats. This was considered a setback, and reflective of the Prime Minister's decline in popularity, but Koizumi refused to resign.[9] Two months after the election, Koizumi conducted the first reshuffle of his second cabinet in an attempt to improve his popularity, he changed several key ministers, but kept his key economic team in place.[10][11]
The centrepiece of Koizumi's economic programme, which he referred to as the "inner citadel of reform", was his plan to privatize the postal service, then the world's largest bank with 2 trillion dollars' worth of assets.[12][13] This plan was deeply unpopular with many LDP members, for whom the postal service formed a large part of their base, and it was not until Koizumi's second term that his government was able to finalize the bills and introduced them into the Diet (although the LDP itself did not endorse them).[14] Although the LDP-Komeito coalition enjoyed a lower house majority of nearly 80, when the vote finally occurred a large party rebellion saw the postal bills pass by only 5 votes in July 2005.[15] When the plan was subsequently rejected by the House of Councillors, Koizumi immediately dissolved the Diet and called a snap election for September 2005, refused to endorse the postal rebels, and pledged to resign unless his government was returned with a majority to implement the reform.[16][17] In the election, the LDP won a landslide victory, and Koizumi was re-elected to form his third cabinet in September 2005.[18]
Election of the Prime Minister
| House of Representatives Absolute majority (241/480) required | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Choice | First Vote | ||
| Votes | |||
 Junichiro Koizumi |
281 / 480 | ||
| Naoto Kan | 186 / 480 | ||
| Shii Kazuo | 9 / 480 | ||
| Abstentions (Including blank ballots) | 3 / 480 | ||
| Source Diet Minutes - 158th Session | |||
Lists of Ministers
Liberal Democratic
New Komeito
Independent
R = Member of the House of Representatives
C = Member of the House of Councillors
Cabinet
| Portfolio | Minister | Term of Office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Junichiro Koizumi | R | April 26, 2001 - September 26, 2006 | |
| Minister for Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications | Tarō Asō | R | September 22, 2003 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of Justice | Daizō Nozawa | C | September 22, 2003 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Yoriko Kawaguchi | - | February 1, 2002 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Minister of Finance | Sadakazu Tanigaki | R | September 22, 2003 - September 26, 2006 | |
| Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology | Takeo Kawamura | R | September 22, 2003 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare | Chikara Sakaguchi | R | January 6, 2001 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries | Yoshiyuki Kamei | R | April 1, 2003 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry | Shōichi Nakagawa | R | September 22, 2003 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism | Nobuteru Ishihara | R | September 22, 2003 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Minister of the Environment | Yuriko Koike | R | September 22, 2003 - September 26, 2006 | |
| Chief Cabinet Secretary Minister for Gender Equality |
Yasuo Fukuda | R | October 27, 2000 - May 7, 2004 | |
| Hiroyuki Hosoda | R | May 7, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | ||
| Director of the National Public Safety Commission | Kiyoko Ono | C | September 22, 2003 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Director of the Japan Defense Agency | Shigeru Ishiba | R | September 30, 2002 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Minister of State for Okinawa and Northern Territories Affairs Minister of State (Science and Technology Policy) Minister of State for Personal Information Protection |
Toshimitsu Motegi | R | September 22, 2003 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy Minister of State for Financial Services |
Heizō Takenaka | - | April 26, 2001 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of State for Regulatory Reform Minister of State for Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan Minister of State for Administrative Reform Minister of State for Special Zones for Structural Reform Minister of State for Regional Revitalization |
Kazuyoshi Kaneko | R | September 22, 2003 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Minister for Disaster Management Minister of State for National Emergency Legislation |
Kiichi Inoue | R | September 22, 2003 - September 27, 2004 | |
| Deputy Secretaries | ||||
| Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary (Political Affairs - House of Representatives) | Hiroyuki Hosoda | R | September 22, 2003 - May 7, 2004 | |
| Seiken Sugiura | R | May 7, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | ||
| Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary (Political Affairs - House of Councillors) | Masaaki Yamazaki | C | September 22, 2003 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary (Bureaucrat) | Masahiro Futahashi | - | September 22, 2003 - September 26, 2006 | |
Changes
- November 21 - The New Conservative Party formally dissolved. Its members joined the LDP and remained in government.[19]
- May 7, 2004 - Chief Cabinet Secretary Yasuo Fukuda resigned from the cabinet after a controversy in which it was revealed that he and several other ministers had failed to pay mandatory pension contributions, at a time when the government was attempting to pass contentious pension reforms. Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroyuki Hosoda was promoted to replace him, and he in turn was replaced with Seiken Sugiura.[20][21]
- July 2004 - Economic and Fiscal Policy Minister Heizō Takenaka entered the Diet for the first time when he won a seat in the House of Councillors election.[22]
Reshuffled Cabinet
| Portfolio | Minister | Term of Office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Junichiro Koizumi | R | April 26, 2001 - September 26, 2006 | |
| Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications | Tarō Asō | R | September 22, 2003 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of Justice Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Measures for Declining Birthrate |
Chieko Nōno | C | September 27, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Nobutaka Machimura | R | September 27, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of Finance | Sadakazu Tanigaki | R | September 22, 2003 - September 26, 2006 | |
| Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology | Nariaki Nakayama | R | September 27, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare | Hidehisa Otsuji | C | September 27, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries | Yoshinobu Shimamura | R | September 27, 2004 - August 8, 2005 | |
| Junichiro Koizumi | R | August 8, 2005 - August 11, 2005 | ||
| Mineichi Iwanaga | R | August 11, 2005 - October 31, 2005 | ||
| Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry | Shōichi Nakagawa | R | September 22, 2003 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism | Kazuo Kitagawa | R | September 27, 2004 - September 26, 2006 | |
| Minister of the Environment Minister of State for Okinawa and Northern Territories Affairs |
Yuriko Koike | R | September 22, 2003 - September 26, 2006 | |
| Chief Cabinet Secretary Minister for Gender Equality |
Hiroyuki Hosoda | R | May 7, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Director of the National Public Safety Commission Minister for Disaster Management Minister of State for National Emergency Legislation |
Yoshitaka Murata | R | September 27, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Director of the Japan Defense Agency | Yoshinori Ohno | R | September 27, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of State for Financial Services | Tatsuya Ito | R | September 27, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy Minister of State for Privatization of the Postal Services |
Heizō Takenaka | C | April 26, 2001 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of State for Regulatory Reform Minister of State for Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan Minister of State for Administrative Reform Minister of State for Special Zones for Structural Reform Minister of State for Regional Revitalization |
Seiichiro Murakami | R | September 27, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Minister of State (Science and Technology Policy) Minister of State for Food Protection Minister of State for Information Technology |
Yasufumi Tanahashi | R | September 27, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Deputy Secretaries | ||||
| Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary (Political Affairs - House of Representatives) | Seiken Sugiura | R | May 7, 2004 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary (Political Affairs - House of Councillors) | Masaaki Yamazaki | C | September 22, 2003 - October 31, 2005 | |
| Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary (Bureaucrat) | Masahiro Futahashi | - | September 22, 2003 - September 26, 2006 | |
Changes
- August 8, 2005 - Agriculture Minister Yoshinobu Shimamura was dismissed for his opposition to the dissolution of the House of Representatives over the postal privatisation bills. He was replaced with Mineichi Iwanaga.[23][24]
References
- "Japanese poll ushers in two-party system". Taipaei Time. 11 November 2003. Archived from the original on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Yoshida, Reiji (11 November 2003). "NCP to disband, merge with LDP". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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- "Japanese Prime Minister re-elected but support for Iraq takes its toll". The Independent. 10 November 2003. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Joyce, Colin (10 December 2003). "Japan Cabinet OKs Troops for Iraq". LA Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Wallace, Bruce (14 June 2004). "Japan Debates Soldiers in Iraq". LA Times. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Japan approves pension reforms". BBC News. 11 May 2004. Archived from the original on 9 March 2006. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Fukuda resigns from Cabinet". The Japan Times. 8 May 2004. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Wallace, Bruce (14 July 2004). "Koizumi Unfazed by Vote Losses". LA Times. Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Faiola, Anthony (28 September 2004). "Koizumi Replaces Key Ministers". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Mcavoy, Audrey (26 September 2004). "Koizumi using reshuffle to strengthen his position". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Uchiyama, Yu (2010-04-05). Koizumi and Japanese Politics. Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 9781135149710. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- MAGNIER, MARK (24 April 2001). "Maverick Looks Set to Be Japan's Prime Minister". LA Times. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Cabinet as planned OKs posts reforms, LDP blessing or no". The Japan Times. 11 September 2004. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Koizumi wins postal reform vote". BBC News. 5 July 2005. Archived from the original on 2 March 2006. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- KAJIMOTO, TETSUSHI (9 August 2005). "Koizumi calls election for Sept. 11". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 1 December 2005. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Japanese PM calls snap election". BBC News. 8 August 2005. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Faiola, Anthony (12 September 2005). "Japan's Koizumi Wins a Landslide Mandate for Change". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Yoshida, Reiji (11 November 2003). "NCP to disband, merge with LDP". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Japan minister quits over scandal". BBC News. 7 May 2004. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Fukuda resigns from Cabinet". The Japan Times. 8 May 2004. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Heizo TAKENAKA Bio". Kantei. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Faiola, Anthony (9 August 2005). "Japan's Koizumi Calls New Elections in Bid to Win Mandate for Reform". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Shinoda, Tomohito (2013-05-14). Contemporary Japanese Politics: Institutional Changes and Power Shifts. p. 99. ISBN 9780231528061. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
External links
Pages at the Kantei (English website):