Senjūrō Hayashi

Senjūrō Hayashi (林 銑十郎, Hayashi Senjūrō, 23 February 1876 – 4 February 1943) was an Imperial Japanese Army commander of the Chōsen Army of Japan in Korea during the Mukden Incident and the invasion of Manchuria, and a politician, briefly serving as Prime Minister of Japan in 1937.

Senjūrō Hayashi
林 銑十郎
Prime Minister of Japan
In office
2 February 1937  4 June 1937
MonarchShōwa
Preceded byKōki Hirota
Succeeded byFumimaro Konoe
Personal details
Born(1876-02-23)23 February 1876
Kanazawa, Japan
Died4 February 1943(1943-02-04) (aged 66)
Tokyo, Japan
Cause of deathIntracranial hemorrhage
Resting placeTama Reien Cemetery, Fuchū, Tokyo
Political partyTaisei Yokusankai (1940–1943)
ProfessionGeneral
Signature

Biography

Senjuro Hayashi in army uniform

Born in Ishikawa Prefecture, to a samurai-class family formerly in service to Kaga Domain, Hayashi dropped out of school in July 1894 to enlist in the Imperial Japanese Army at the start of the First Sino-Japanese War. After the end of the war, he attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, and on graduation in June 1897 was assigned to the IJA 7th Infantry Regiment. in 1903, he graduated from the Army Staff College. With the start of the Russo-Japanese War, Hayashi participated in the Siege of Port Arthur.

Hayashi's first major command from 1918 to 1920 was as commanding officer of the IJA 57th Infantry Regiment, followed by a time in 1921 attached to the Technical Research Headquarters and as an acting Military Investigator. From 1921 to 1923 he was the head of the Preparatory Course at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, followed by a time attached to the Inspectorate General of Military Training. From 1923 to 1924 he was the Japanese Army Representative to the League of Nations, followed by another stint attached to the Inspectorate General of Military Training from 1924 to 1925.

In 1925, Hayashi became the commanding Officer of the IJA 2nd Infantry Brigade. In 1926 he was made Commandant of the Tokyo Bay Fortress. In 1927, he became the Commandant of the Army War College, followed in 1928 as Deputy Inspector-General of Military Training. Finally in 1929 he became the General Officer Commanding the Imperial Guards Division.

In 1930, Lieutenant-General Senjūrō Hayashi, was made Commander in Chief of the Japanese Korean Army. On the day after the Mukden Incident on 19 September, he ordered the IJA 20th Division to split its force, forming the 39th Mixed Brigade. Acting without authorization by the Emperor or central government in Tokyo, Hayashi ordered the 39th Mixed Brigade to cross the Yalu River that same day into Manchuria. The Cabinet was forced to concede the point to the military afterwards and the movement of the 39th Mixed Brigade from Korea was authorized on 22 September.

Following his command in Korea, Hayashi was made Inspector General of Military Training and a member of the Supreme War Council from 1932 to 1934. In 1932, he was awarded with the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st class) and in 1934, he was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class). From 1934 to 1935 Hayashi was Army Minister, and again member of the Supreme War Council from 1935 until his retirement the next year.

As Army Minister, Hayashi was a supporter of Major General Tetsuzan Nagata, who was Chief of Military Bureau and the leader of the Tōseiha faction within the Imperial Japanese Army. The Tōseiha scored a victory in July 1935 when General Jinzaburō Masaki, one of the leaders of the Kōdōha faction was removed as Inspector General of Military Training. But Nagata was assassinated the next month(the Aizawa Incident). The struggle between the Tōseiha and Kōdōha factions continued below the surface of the government; and the war in North China carried on apace until February 1936.

Hayashi also promoted Fumimaro Konoye's doctrines, as a "right-winger" amongst the militarists, who approved of the "fiction" of democracy, and the Emperor's role with an "adviser group", against "left-winger" radical militarists, led by Kingoro Hashimoto, wanted a Military Shogunate.

List of Ideological Criminal Probation Offices installed for censorship by Ideological Criminal Probation Act established under Kōki_Hirota regime of Imperial Japan in 1936.

Hayashi served as Prime Minister of Japan for a brief four-month period in 1937. Later from 1940 to 1941, he was a Privy Councillor. Hayashi suffered from an intracranial hemorrhage in January 1943 and died at his home of 4 February without regaining consciousness. He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Golden Kite (4th class) and the Order of the Paulownia Flowers. His grave is at the Tama Reien Cemetery in Fuchū, Tokyo.[1]

Honours

From the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1932)
  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1934)
  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (1943; posthumous)

References

  1. Find-a-Grave Website
Political offices
Preceded by
Sadao Araki
Minister of War
23 January 1934 – 5 September 1935
Succeeded by
Yoshiyuki Kawashima
Preceded by
Hachirō Arita
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Feb 1937 – Mar 1937
Succeeded by
Naotake Satō
Preceded by
Hachisaburō Hirao
Minister of Education
Feb 1937 – Jun 1937
Succeeded by
Eiji Yasui
Preceded by
Kōki Hirota
Prime Minister of Japan
Feb 1937 – Jun 1937
Succeeded by
Fumimaro Konoe
Military offices
Preceded by
Nobuyoshi Mutō
Inspector-General of Military Training
May 1932 – Jan 1934
Succeeded by
Jinsaburō Mazaki
Preceded by
Jirō Minami
Commander, IJA Chōsen Army
Nov 1930 – May 1932
Succeeded by
Yoshiyuki Kawashima
Preceded by
Naotoshi Hasegawa
Commander, Imperial Guards
Aug 1929 – Dec 1930
Succeeded by
Renichirō Okamoto
Preceded by
Hanzō Kanaya
Commandant, Army Staff College
Mar 1927 – Aug 1928
Succeeded by
Sadao Araki
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