Sir Alexander Carew, 2nd Baronet

Alexander Carew was born on 30 August 1608,[1] the eldest surviving son of Sir Richard Carew, 1st Baronet (c. 1580–1643), and his first wife, Bridget Chudleigh (ca 1584–1612). In 1621, Sir Richard remarried, this time to Grace Rolle (1606–1655); their four sons included John Carew, who signed the death warrant for Charles I, and was executed for treason, in October 1660.[2]

In 1631, Alexander married Jane Rolle (1606–1679); they had five children who lived to adulthood, Bridget, Mary, Joan, John, and Richard.[3]

Trial of the Earl of Strafford, May 1641; Carew voted for his execution

Alexander attended the Middle Temple in 1628, although there is no record of which university he went to. Although a Puritan, his father was generally viewed as a moderate, more interested in education, inventions, and breeding cats; in August 1641, he purchased a baronetcy, a method used by Charles I to raise money for an army.[2]

Like his father and grandfather, Carew was elected Member of Parliament for Cornwall in 1640. He supported the removal of bishops from the Church of England, and voted for the execution of the Earl of Strafford in May 1641. He reportedly claimed "If I were sure to be the next man, that should suffer upon the same scaffold, with the same axe, I would give my consent."[1]

When the First English Civil War began in August 1642, as one of the relatively few members of the Cornish gentry who declared for Parliament, he was appointed to numerous Parliamentary committees. After succeeding his father in March 1643, he was made a member of the Cornish Sequestration Committee, and commander of St Nicholas' Island, a key defensive position for Plymouth. The summer of 1643 was the highpoint of Royalist success; by August, they controlled the entire West Country, with the exception of Plymouth and Exeter.[1]

At this point, Carew began negotiations to switch sides; many others did the same, including his cousin James Chudleigh, captured at Stratton in May. Suggestions he was betrayed by a "disloyal servant" appear incorrect; in August, as a Parliamentary warship was entering harbour, Carew ordered his men to open fire. They refused, and he allegedly only escaped lynching when the ship's captain intervened; he was accused of treason, and held in the Tower of London.[4]

St Nicholas' Island, Plymouth, now Drakes Island

Many went to war in 1642 expecting a single, decisive battle; by 1643, it was clear this was incorrect, and Parliamentarians like Carew whose estates lay in occupied territory faced financial ruin. A series of Royalist victories caused a wave of defections; in September, he was one of five MPs expelled from Parliament, while Denzil Holles was among those accused of seeking a negotiated settlement.[5]

As the war grew more bitter, both sides began using martial law to prosecute senior officers who defected. In August 1644, Parliament established a military tribunal to try those suspected of treachery; in November, Carew was sentenced to death, along with the former commander of Hull, Sir John Hotham, and his son. These sentences were supported by those like Oliver Cromwell, who felt the war risked being lost due to lack of commitment.[6]

His wife petitioned Parliament, who dismissed her claim that he was "in a kind of distracted condition and unfit to die", but gave him a month to arrange his affairs. He was executed on Tower Hill in December 1644, followed in January by the Hothams, and Archbishop Laud; held since 1641, it was widely believed he was put to death to please the Scots Covenanters.[7]

Carew was buried in the graveyard attached to St Augustine's, Hackney.[8] His social standing seemed unaffected either by his execution, or that of his half-brother in 1660; John inherited title and estates, and he and Richard both served as MPs. Of their three sisters, Mary married John Sparke (1636-1680), MP for Plymouth, Joan married Walter Kendall, MP for Lostwithiel.[9] Bridget's husband was John Pendarves of Roscrow; their son Alexander was an MP from 1689 to 1725.[10]

• Holford-Strevens, LA (2004). "Carew, Sir Richard, first baronet". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4636.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Hopper, Andrew (2012). Turncoats and Renegadoes: Changing Sides during the English Civil Wars. OUP. ISBN 978-0199575855.
• Cruikshank, Evelyn (2002). CAREW, Richard (1641-91), of Abertanat, Salop. in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690-1715 (Online ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• Hayton, David (2002). PENDARVES, Alexander (1662-1725), of Roskrow, Gluvias, Cornw in the House of Commons, 1690-1715. Cambridge University Press.
• Cruikshank, Evelyn (1983). KENDALL, Walter (1626-96), of Pelyn, nr. Lostwithiel, Cornw (Online ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• Wedgwood, CV (1958). The King's War, 1641–1647 (2001 ed.). Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0141390727.
• Wright, Richard (2008). "Carew, Sir Alexander, second baronet". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4622.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

• "Sir Alexander Carew". Findagrave.com. Retrieved 29 March 2020.