Small Cajal body specific RNA 15

Small Cajal body specific RNA 15 (also known as SCARNA15 or ACA45) is a small nucleolar RNA found in Cajal bodies and believed to be involved in the pseudouridylation (isomerisation of uridine to pseudouridine) of U1 spliceosomal RNA.

Small Cajal body specific RNA 15
Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of SCARNA15
Identifiers
SymbolSCARNA15
Alt. SymbolssnoACA45
RfamRF00426
Other data
RNA typeGene; snRNA; snoRNA; scaRNA
Domain(s)Eukaryota
GOGO:0006396 GO:0015030 GO:0005730
SOSO:0000275
PDB structuresPDBe

scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II transcribed spliceosomal RNAs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U12.[1]

ACA45 belongs to the H/ACA box class of guide RNAs as it has the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure, the conserved H/ACA-box motifs and is found associated with GAR1.[2] ACA45 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of residue U37 of the U2 spliceosomal snRNA.[3]

It has been shown that human ACA45 can be processed into a 21 nucleotides long mature miRNA by the RNAse III family endoribonuclease dicer.[4] This snoRNA product has previously been identified as mmu-miR-1839[5] and was shown to be processed independent of the other miRNA generating endoribonuclease drosha.[6]

References
  1. Darzacq X, Jády BE, Verheggen C, Kiss AM, Bertrand E, Kiss T (June 2002). "Cajal body-specific small nuclear RNAs: a novel class of 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridylation guide RNAs". The EMBO Journal. 21 (11): 2746–56. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.11.2746. PMC 126017. PMID 12032087.
  2. Kiss AM, Jády BE, Bertrand E, Kiss T (July 2004). "Human box H/ACA pseudouridylation guide RNA machinery". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (13): 5797–807. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.13.5797-5807.2004. PMC 480876. PMID 15199136.
  3. Lestrade L, Weber MJ (January 2006). "snoRNA-LBME-db, a comprehensive database of human H/ACA and C/D box snoRNAs". Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (Database issue): D158-62. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.105.7552. doi:10.1093/nar/gkj002. PMC 1347365. PMID 16381836.
  4. Ender C, Krek A, Friedländer MR, Beitzinger M, Weinmann L, Chen W, Pfeffer S, Rajewsky N, Meister G (November 2008). "A human snoRNA with microRNA-like functions". Molecular Cell. 32 (4): 519–28. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.10.017. PMID 19026782.
  5. "mmu-miR-1839". MiRBase.
  6. Babiarz JE, Ruby JG, Wang Y, Bartel DP, Blelloch R (October 2008). "Mouse ES cells express endogenous shRNAs, siRNAs, and other Microprocessor-independent, Dicer-dependent small RNAs". Genes & Development. 22 (20): 2773–85. doi:10.1101/gad.1705308. PMC 2569885. PMID 18923076.
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