StGiNU

Concentration camps in Northern Uganda started on a small scale when Yoweri Museveni took over power from the Ugandan president Tito Okello Lutwa in 1986. All civilians in the Acoli areas of Anaka, Agung, Purongo, Olwiyo etc. were rounded up by Museveni's soldiers then known as National Resistance Army, many civilians were murdered, the survivors were forcefully removed from their lands, put in army trucks and dumped in the Karuma area. By that time there were no rebel movements in the North, but the Ugandan army kept on uprooting people starting from March 1986. They looted livestock, burned food crops, carried out rapes and shot anyone found living in the villages.[4]

In 1996 the Museveni government ordered all civilians in Acoli sub-region to relocate into concentration camps. Their homes or properties were burned by helicopter gunships. The people were told that this was to 'protect' them against the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels.[5][6]

In 2002, the population of some areas of Lira District in Lango sub-region were relocated into concentration camps. In 2003, this was done in some parts of Teso sub-region. By this time there were already various international Non-governmental organizations working in Uganda. Museveni had refused to declare the North a disaster area but allowed NGOs to work on strict conditions that they must publicize the activities of LRA rebels.[7] The Ugandan army, now known as the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF), is accused of causing prolonged brutality on the civilian population, including recruitment of children and forceful displacements under the disguise of fighting the LRA.[8] The LRA were also to blame for causing brutality on civilians but they were few and could not out-number the UPDF.[9] The LRA carried out attacks in the North once in a while, but were based in South Sudan, not in Uganda.

It took much campaigning and international pressure asking Museveni to close the concentration camps and to reach agreements with the LRA rebels. On the 26 October 2006 the Museveni's government granted permission that civilians in the North of the country should return to their former villages after years of staying in concentration camps. This marked the beginning of the reconstruction of homes, roads, schools and so on.[10] As a result, most civilians in the North have now returned to their former villages. However, many people died during the forceful relocations. And many civilians contracted diseases such as nodding disease, HIV etc.

The world knew Joseph Kony and The Lord's Resistance Army as the main war culprits in Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic or South Sudan. Kony is also well known for abduction and recruitment of child soldiers.

However, according to the general views of Ugandans, Yoweri Museveni was the first leader to have used child soldiers in Uganda, and he continued to do so unabated. In 2006, a UN's representative Radhika Coomaraswamy found over 5000 children in the army.[11]

Joseph Kony and The Lord's Resistance Army are direct products of prolonged genocide, murder, etc. waged by Yoweri Museveni on the civilians of Northern Uganda.[12][13][14]

Everything that the LRA or Kony is known for, emanated from the government's army. It is true that the LRA are a confused group and they also killed civilians, but by no means can the LRA's acts outweigh what Museveni and his army did against the civilians in Northern Uganda. From 1986 to 2006 the Museveni's National Resistance Army or UPDF Uganda People's Defence Force, carried out rapes and murders on the parents while forcing little children to watch the acts. There were daily bombardments against the civilian population using helicopter gunships. These acts of terror produced psychological problems within the Acoli (Acholi) ethnic group. People with mental disorders such as Alice Auma or the Holy Spirit Movement, Joseph Kony or The Lord's Resistance Army, and now the high suicide rates in Acoli (Acholi)[15] did not exist prior to Yoweri Museveni's war.

The motive behind displacement of the Acoli people in the North has become apparent that the Museveni's government is interested in grabbing lands from the civilian population.[16] The UPDF Uganda People's Defence Force has carried out forceful evictions of the civilian from their lands. There have been rapes, fatalities and ethnic clashes over the land in Amuru district since the people were allowed to return to their former villages after the concentration camps.[17]