Stalag Luft II

The first attempt to escape likely took place at the turn of 1941/1942. Its first stage lasted from December 1941 to January 1942. At that time, a group of prisoners made a pit under an uninhabited block No. 14, standing at the northern fence of the camp, to a small forest outside the stalagium located at a distance of about 25 m. The escape was to take place in the spring of 1942. Due to the shallowness of the excavation, during the spring thaw, the guard made a raid in him. The Germans found in him the things of one of the prisoners, and this allowed them to reach the organizers, including Yuriy Curkan (Юрий Цуркан), who had been imprisoned in the Stalag since October 29, 1941. All of the organizers were first imprisoned and subjected to brutal interrogation, and then transported to Stalag Luft VI in Heidekrug in East Prussia, near the former Polish-Lithuanian border. In 1967, Curkan published his memoirs, which included his stay at Stalag Luft II.[11]

On October 9, 1942, the successful escape of two aviation officers, Aleksander Kuzniecow and Arkady Vorozcow, took place. They escaped while working in one of the factories in Łódź. By coincidence, they came across communists from the Łódź Polish Workers' Party (PWP),[12] who took care of them. While remaining in hiding, they joined the conspiratorial work, beginning by editing "Peperian" newspapers based on Russian radio listening. After a few months, Kuznetsov, threatened with arrest, was included in the first Łódź partisan detachment People's Guard, known today as the "Radiant". With him, he took part in the skirmish at Głownem on May 8, 1943, which ended with the division of the unit. He survived, thanks to the help of the inhabitants of the village Stary Waliszew.[13] Later, with the help of Warsaw communists, he came to Warsaw and from there to partisan units in the Lublin region, where he saw the entrance of the Red Army. Vorozcow was arrested in Łódź at the end of April 1943. After many months of investigation, he was sent to Auschwitz Concentration Camp, where he received the number 188 052. In July 1944, he was deported to transport of 400 passengers to KL Mauthausen-Gusen k. Linz in Austria and there he survived until the liberation of the camp on May 5, 1945.

The issue of the operation of POW camps in Łódź, including Stalag Luft II, is in the interest of the District Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes – the Institute of National Remembrance in Łódź. Here, too, there are materials collected during the investigation. However, they have a historical rather than a procedural character.

The first investigation of Stalag Luft II was carried out in April 1948. Eight people were interrogated at that time. Also, the site of the former camp was inspected, situational plans were made, and several photographs were taken, after which the investigation was discontinued. It resumed after the reactivation of the District Commission in Łódź, giving the investigation to the OKŁ, 60/67, "Investigating the crimes committed by the Nazis in 1941–1945 in the camp for Soviet prisoners of war in Lodz". It lasted until December 1977 and ended with a suspension due to no further opportunities to collect evidence that brings new facts, not establishing the perpetrators of war crimes and the possibility of conducting further work outside of the proceedings.[14]

The area of the former stalag is not commemorated, although several of its buildings have survived (including the building of the commandant of the stalag, Lager-Kommandantur, at 37 Odrzańska Street). Actions taken in this case in January 1989 by the District Committee No. 20 "Odrzańska" (St. Dubois 10 St.), with the approval of the Voivodship Civil Committee for the Protection of the Memory of Struggle and Martyrdom,[15] have not been realized. At the beginning of 2014, another attempt was made to commemorate this place, this time by the Civic Committee for Commemoration of the Camp, chosen from the Society of Friends of Rudy Pabianicka and from the Society of Rudy Pabianicka Sympathizers, aimed at setting the corner at ul. Odrzańska and Zuchów stone with an appropriate memorial and information board. The coordinator of the initial organizational activities was the Department of the History of Occupation in Łódź and the Łódź District Museum of Independence Traditions in Łódź, which for years has been collecting all historical information about this camp.

In the collection of the Lodz Museum of Independence Traditions there is a reconstruction of the camp plan made in 1961 by a resident of this area [16] and wooden decorative plate signed "Stalag Luft 2 – Litzmannstadt – 1942".[17] Also, in the collection of World War II Department of this museum, there are unregistered materials regarding Sasha Kuznetsov (mainly scans of his occupation documents and photos).

In the Russian Internet base "Memorial" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, containing the names of Russian soldiers, among others killed during World War II, contains pieces of information on some 150 prisoners of Stalag with scans of their personal cards.[18]