Street football (American)

Most forms of backyard or street football use ad hoc house rules that vary from neighborhood to neighborhood.

The teams organize each other at the beginning of the game; if there are no pre-selected teams, team captains are usually appointed and take turns picking available players. In the event of an odd number of players, one player will usually serve as an "official quarterback" or "all-time QB" or as an "all time D" (on defense for both teams), who plays on either defense the whole game, or on offense the whole game and cannot run the ball past the line of scrimmage, or, if more players are on their way, the team who is short handed will automatically draft the newcomer upon arrival. Teams can be identified solely by memory or by the shirts versus skins system or by light-shirts versus dark-shirts; uniforms are rare, and even those that are used are generally low-cost pinnies.

The two teams organize on opposite sides of the field for the kickoff. Because of skill, field size and other issues, this is usually not a kickoff but rather a punt-off or a throw-off. Many versions skip this process and start the offense at a certain point, similar to a touchback in other national leagues.

As in regular American football, each team usually has four downs per series. In order to achieve a series of downs, backyard football requires the team with the ball to complete two passes or reach a certain point on the field. Few games include enough people, or the proper equipment, to run a chain crew to maintain the 10 yard familiar in most organized leagues. These structures encourages passing plays over running, as does the usual lack of offensive and defensive lines. The use of a center is optional, depending on the rules set forth, and other ways to start the play (e.g. the quarterback picking up the ball directly, or holding the ball out prior to starting play, then pulling it back to begin) are often used in lieu of a snap. Play continues until there is a turnover on downs (i.e. the offensive team fails to complete two passes in four downs), an interception occurs, or the team on offense scores a touchdown. Touchdowns are worth 6, 7, or 1 point(s) depending on the rules set out before the game. In some instances, depending on the width of the field more downs are used or teams are given a certain number of downs to score in as opposed to 4 tries to get a first down. For instance, a team might be given 8 tries to score and advance the ball from where they receive the ball or establish position. Also the length of a first down may differ due to the lack of a pass rush. For instance, a team may have to advance fifteen or twenty yards to get a first down in 4 tries.

Field goals and extra point kicks are nonexistent (streets and backyards have no goal posts), although punts can frequently happen, usually during "4th and 2 completions" situations where the offensive team cannot earn a first down. (In games played on regulation fields, these kicks can be attempted, but only in certain scoring systems.)

In the event a touchdown is scored, the team on offense will normally stay in the end zone in which they had just scored and the other team will go into the main field and field the subsequent kickoff. This rule is some times known as "losers walk". Thus, until an interception or turnover on downs, both teams defend and attempt to score on the same end zone.

Rules greatly vary from neighborhood to neighborhood and are customarily set before each game. There can be a rush on the QB depending on the rules set out before the game. Usually if rushes are allowed, there are 2 rules that are commonly applied: call rush and blitz count. Call rush is the first rule of rushing the QB in street. This is where the defense calls "Blitz" in a loud voice before the offense hikes the ball, signifying that they will rush, but there is also a counter effect with this. The QB can get out of the pocket and run without having to pass or hand off the ball, also the quarterback can call "shotgun" before or after the other team says "blitz" causing the opposite to have to count to 5 or 10 depending on whether or not they called blitz 5 calling "shotgun" adds 5 seconds to the blitz count. The second, and more common, rush QB rule is Mississippi rush (a blitz count), so called because the blitzing player must insert the word "Mississippi" between numbers so as not to allow the player to count ridiculously fast and effectively give the quarterback no time to throw (A common alternate to "Mississippi" is "apple". The word "Banana" is typically used by NAFs. In Canada the word "steamboat" is generally used instead of Mississippi). Sometimes the two rules are combined, allowing one separate call of "Blitz!" per set of 4 downs. The other option to handle a rush is to use an offensive lineman or center to block any pass rush. A line is rare in street, and the act of a center snapping to a quarterback is completely optional and nearly impossible in 2 on 2. When a center is used, the center is eligible as a receiver. Also the center sneak, wherein the center snaps the ball touching the QB hands but retaining possession and then running is completely legal and honorable in sandlot ball. Most teams that use a line opt for 3 down linemen(1 center and 2 guards). Some organizations that don't require the center to snap the ball to the quarterback only use 2 linemen. Popular plays include going long, the hook, the hook and go, and the down and out. A well practiced pump fake by the QB often accompanies the hook and go.

Conversions after a TD usually aren't applied and they can only be attempted from the 6 (or occasionally 7) point TD system, but if they are, there are several conversion systems, including "single point," "pass-run," yardage and "runback." The single-point is the simplest of the rules, in which any successful conversion is worth one point. Pass run is used in some midget leagues and awards 2 points for a pass and one point for a run. Usually all pass-run conversions are attempted from the 1- or 2-yard line. The second conversion system is the yardage system, similar to that used in the XFL playoffs, the Lingerie Football League, and the Stars Football League. The yardage system is formatted like this: 1-point conversions are attempted from the 1- or 5-yard line, and 2-point conversions are attempted from the 2- or 10-yard line. The runback is the most rare of the conversion rules, and is most often implemented in one-on-one games. In this version, the play does not end once the ball crosses the goal line; instead, the player with the ball must change direction and advance it all the way back to the other end zone for two points.

The game ends when a pre-determined number of touchdowns or points has been scored, or an arbitrary time is reached (for instance, dusk or the start of school).

Penalties are rare and are usually only enforced in the most egregious cases, such as serious injuries or blatant pass interference. Most games use the honor system in lieu of a referee and/or an officiating crew.

There are several positions that are frequently found in street football.

All-Time QB- this player will play Quarterback for both teams. typically this position is reserved for instances where there is an odd number of players. This player is usually the most or least athletic player so as not to give the other team an unfair advantage. Also if a player is mildly hurt with a twisted ankle, the player does not want to play defense or the player does not want to get sweaty, this position is a great fit for that individual.

Center- This position can be very effective if utilized right. If a center is used not only can this player buy his Quarterback a few more precious seconds to get rid of the ball but can also release after the initial for a quick easy check down. This player is in position for a lead run blocker in running plays when the rules allow and the conditions are favorable. And after a quick dive or two for a first down, you can set up a Running Back pass as the defense rushes stop the dive and lets the Center right past them. Also if the defense is not expecting the center to immediately run a route after the snap, you can catch the defense off guard. Lastly, a center can quickly become a running back after the snap. After the snap, the center can retreat back to Quarter Back depth for a more side-by-side pass blocking technique. At this depth, the QuarterBack can dictate if he wishes to hand off the ball on a delayed sweep or dive, run the pitch option, run the read option, run a play-action pass, or run an RPO (Run Pass Option). Similar to a Fullback or even Tightend in organized football, the center can be utilized as effectively as you choose.

Runningback- This position is rare as the sport moves farther away from the run but with the right players, scheme and rules the running back can be utilized effectively. The Runningback has many of the responsibilities as the center (and as discussed earlier the positions may be the same) but in instances where a center is not used or the street, football rules are run friendly running backs can be found. Running backs are often the most athletic players who might or might not be able to catch. Often pass blocking is a strong requisite but not always the case. More than one running back can inhabit the backfield and these running backs will often block for one another in runs or in cases where there is an athletic Quarterback the triple option maybe run.

Crush the Carrier (also known as Rumble Fumble) is an every man for himself free-for-all running game. There are no winners and no rules and the game can continue ad infinitum. One player throws the football backwards, away from the acting endzone. Whoever catches the ball tries not to get tackled as he heads towards the endzone. If the player is tackled, then that player has to give up the ball as a fumble while the other players recover it. All players without the ball try to tackle the player with the ball and get the ball for themselves.

Jump off (also known as Jackpot) is a every man for himself free-for-all catching game in which there is one thrower on each side and they can throw the ball anywhere they like; the receiver with the most catches wins. Similarly, the game "500" involves only one thrower throwing to several receivers. In this game, the thrower will assign point values for each catch; the first receiver to reach 500 points is the winner.

7-on-7 is a fun competitive, non-contact way to play football; It allows scoring both on the offense and defense. 7-on-7 is a team passing and defending only game. The first team to reach a set amount of points is the winner.

• Touchdown - 6 points
• PAT - (a) 1 point or (b) 2 points
• Interception - 3 points (and possession)
• Interception on PAT - dead ball
• Turnover on downs - 2 points (and possession)
• Turnover on PAT - dead ball