Suspended roller coaster

A suspended roller coaster is a type of steel roller coaster in which the car hangs from the bottom of the rolling stock by a pivoting fulcrum or hinge assembly. This allows the car and riders to swing side to side as the train races along the track. Due to the swing designs, these roller coasters cannot invert riders.

Suspended roller coaster
Trains swinging on an Arrow Development manufactured suspended roller coaster Iron Dragon at Cedar Point
StatusIn Production
First manufactured1902
No. of installationsAbout 37
ManufacturersArrow Development, Aerial Tramway Construction Co., Big Country Motioneering, Caripro, R&C Entertainment, Setpoint, and Vekoma

History

One of the earliest suspended roller coasters was known as Bisby's Spiral Airship, built in Long Beach, California in the early 1900s.[1] Riders on Bisby's Spiral Airship rode in square gondolas suspended from the track above, which were then carried via lift hill to the top of a tower. The gondolas then rolled down the track, which spiraled down the tower back to the loading platform. The attraction operated at least until the mid 1910s.[1]

In 1975, German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt debuted Alpenflug at the annual Oktoberfest fair in Munich, Germany.[2] Featuring multi-car trains and a 2700-foot twisting, spiraling layout, Alpenflug was a hit during the 16-day fair.[2] However, the design was scrapped after analysis revealed significant stress in the track, whose curves were not banked, and in the wheel assemblies, as the train's brake fins were located at the bottom of the train's gondolas instead of near the track itself.[2]

The first permanent modern suspended roller coaster was The Bat at Kings Island. Built by Arrow Development, The Bat opened April 21, 1981, but it was soon plagued with problems. The problems included: excessive stress on the support springs due to the unbanked curved track sections and stress on the wheels because the brakes were mounted at bottom of the swinging cars. Kings Island's US$3.8 million ride closed in 1983 and was later scheduled for demolition. The Bat's former site is now occupied by the Arrow designed looping coaster Vortex. The suspended coaster would return to Kings Island in 1993 with the addition of Top Gun which after a period of being called Flight Deck was renamed The Bat in 2014, a reference to the original 1981 coaster.

Arrow-Huss refined its suspended roller coaster designs, culminating in the debut of The Big Bad Wolf at Busch Gardens Williamsburg and XLR-8 at Six Flags Astroworld in 1984. After 1984, as Arrow Dynamics, they manufactured ten suspended roller coasters, including Iron Dragon at Cedar Point, Ninja at Six Flags Magic Mountain, Vampire at Chessington World of Adventures, and Vortex at Canada's Wonderland.

Other manufacturers have also constructed their variations on the suspended roller coaster. Before contacting Arrow-Huss for The Big Bad Wolf, Busch Gardens contacted Anton Schwarzkopf to design a suspended coaster, dubbed the "Flugbahn". However, Schwarzkopf went bankrupt, completing only a model and the footers of the actual coaster.[3] Dutch designer Vekoma manufactured a suspended model dubbed "Swinging Turns," of which three copies were constructed. Vekoma offers both Arrow-style traditional car designs as well as floorless cars where the riders' feet dangle, similar to Vekoma's inverted coasters but the cars are able to swing. In 2001, Vampire at Chessington World of Adventures was modified to use Vekoma's floorless trains. Caripro, another designer based in The Netherlands, manufactured twelve suspended roller coasters and American designer Setpoint manufactured four.

Installations

A former Arrow Huss suspended roller coaster, Big Bad Wolf at Busch Gardens Williamsburg
A Setpoint suspended roller coaster, Roller Soaker at Hershey Park
Trains swinging on an Arrow Dynamics manufactured suspended roller coaster The Bat at Kings Island
Incomplete list of suspended roller coaster installations
NameParkManufacturerOpenStatus
Aerial GlideShipley Glen Pleasure Grounds1900sRemoved
Bisby's Spiral AirshipQueens Park1902Removed
Aerial CoasterRiverview ParkAerial Tramway Construction Co.1908Removed
AlpenflugOktoberfest (Munich)Messerschmitt1975Removed
The BatKings IslandArrow Development1981Removed
Big Bad WolfBusch Gardens WilliamsburgArrow Huss1984Removed
XLR-8Six Flags AstroWorldArrow Huss1984Removed
Iron DragonCedar PointArrow Dynamics1987Operating
Dream CatcherBobbejaanlandVekoma1987Operating
NinjaSix Flags Magic MountainArrow Dynamics1988Operating
CentrifugeWorld Expo ParkVekoma1988Removed
Vampire*Chessington World of AdventuresArrow Dynamics1990Operating
VortexCanada's WonderlandArrow Dynamics1991Operating
Eagle FortressEverlandArrow Dynamics1992Removed
HayabusaTokyo SummerLandArrow Dynamics1992Removed
The Bat (Kings Island; opened 1993)Kings IslandArrow Dynamics1993Operating
Sky CoasterDream WorldVekoma1994Relocated/Operating
BatflyerLightwater ValleyCaripro1996Removed
Batflyer**DuinrellCaripro1997Removed
Scooby's Ghoster CoasterKings IslandCaripro1998Removed
Clone ZoneMilky WayCaripro1997Operating
Pteranodon FlyersIslands of AdventureCaripro/Setpoint1999Operating
Flying Super SaturatorCarowindsSetpoint2000Removed
SpellbreakerLegoland CaliforniaCaripro2000Removed
VleermuisPlopsalandCaripro2000Operating
Hydra Fighter IIWet 'n Wild Emerald PointeCaripro2001Removed
Boramae CoaserWonder ZoneR&C Entertainment2001Removed
Sky RiderSkyline ParkCaripro2001Operating
BatflyerHamanako Pal PalCaripro2001Removed
BatflyerNasu Highland ParkCaripro2001Operating
Roller SoakerHersheyparkSetpoint2002Removed
AeroplanesAerocity ParcBig Country Motioneering2003Removed
BatflyerWorld In MiniatureCaripro2003Removed
UnknownDreamland Park2006Operating
VertigoWalibi BelgiumInput2007Removed
Slippery When WetHard Rock ParkCaripro2008Removed
Canopy FlyerUniversal Studios SingaporeSetpoint2010Operating

* Operates with Vekoma trains[4]
** Never operated[4]

See also

References

  1. "Bisby's Spiral Airship". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
  2. James Kay. "Lost Legends: Alpenflug". Retrieved 2010-05-17.
  3. Flying Coaster at Schwarzkopf Coaster Net
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