Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996

Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996
Long title	An Act to amend the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act to authorize appropriations, to provide for sustainable fisheries, and for other purposes.
Acronyms (colloquial)	SFA; FFA;
Nicknames	Fisheries Financing Act
Enacted by	the 104th United States Congress
Effective	October 11, 1996
Citations
Public law	104-297
Statutes at Large	110 Stat. 3559
Codification
Titles amended	16 U.S.C.: Conservation
U.S.C. sections amended	16 U.S.C. ch. 38, subch. II § 1812; 16 U.S.C. ch. 38, subch. III §§ 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1826; 16 U.S.C. ch. 38, subch. IV §§ 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1860, 1861, 1861a, 1862, 1863; 16 U.S.C. ch. 38, subch. V §§ 1881, 1881a, 1881b, 1881c, 1881d, 1882, 1883;
Legislative history
	Introduced in the Senate as S. 39 by Ted Stevens (R–AK) on January 4, 1995; Committee consideration by Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, House Resources; Passed the Senate on September 19, 1996 (Roll call vote 295, via Senate.gov 100-0); Passed the House on September 27, 1996 (Roll call vote 448, via Clerk.House.gov 384-30); Signed into law by President William J. Clinton on October 11, 1996;

The Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996 is an amendment to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, a law governing the management of marine fisheries in the United States. Another major amendment to this legislation was later made under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006. The SFA was enacted to amend the outdated MSFCMA of 1976. The amendment included changes to the purpose of the act, definitions, and international affairs, as well as many small changes.

The U.S. Senate bill S. 39 was passed by the 104th United States Congressional session and enacted into law by the 42nd President of the United States Bill Clinton on October 11, 1996.[1]

Purpose

There were several major changes to the purpose of the law:

Prohibiting fisheries managers from using social, economic, or any other justifications to allow catch targets to exceed a calculated "maximum sustainable yield."
Mandating that for each managed species, fisheries managers quantitatively define "overfishing" (certain specified maximum allowed rates of fishing mortality) and "overfished" (depletion below a certain population level).
Mandating regular assessment of which fish populations that are overfished, and creating an official list of overfished species in U.S. waters.
Mandating that for overfished species, plans must be enacted allowing them to recover to quantitatively specified target population levels (usually about one-third of the estimated pre-fishing population) within ten years (with certain exceptions).
Adding that catches of unintended species or unmarketable fish be reduced, to the extent practicable.
Adding the promotion of protection of "Essential Fish Habitat."
Adding the promotion of catch and release programs to conservation and management principles.

Definitions

The following terms which became relevant in the twenty years following the original act were added:

bycatch
charter fishing
commercial fishing
economic discards
essential fish habitat
fishing community
individual fishing quota
optimum yield
overfishing (overfished)
Pacific Insular Area
recreational fishing
regulatory discards
special areas
vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States

International affairs

Besides establishing the Pacific Insular Area fishery agreement regulations, the SFA directs the Secretary of State to "seek to secure an international agreement to establish standards and measures for bycatch reduction that are comparable to the standards and measures applicable to United States fishermen."

References

Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "William J. Clinton: "Statement on Signing the Sustainable Fisheries Act," October 11, 1996". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.

External links

U.S. Public Law 104-297 http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/sustainable_fishereries_act.pdf
16 U.S.C. §§ 1801-1884 https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/usc_sec_16_00001801000-.html

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[1] Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "William J. Clinton: "Statement on Signing the Sustainable Fisheries Act," October 11, 1996". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.