SwePol

SwePol is a 254.05-kilometre (157.86 mi)-long bipolar high-voltage direct current (HVDC) submarine cable between the Stärnö peninsula near Karlshamn, Sweden, and Bruskowo Wielkie, near Słupsk, Poland.[1]

SwePol
Stärno
Bruskowo Wielkie
Location of SwePol
Location
CountrySweden, Poland
Coordinates54°30′7.6″N 16°53′28.4″E
56°09′10.7″N 14°50′29.4″E
General directionnorth–south
FromStärnö Static Inverter Plant, Sweden
Passes throughBaltic Sea
ToBruskowo Wielkie Static Inverter Plant, Poland
Ownership information
OwnerSvenska Kraftnät, PSE-Operator
Construction information
Manufacturer of conductor/cableABB
Manufacturer of substationsABB
Commissioned2000
Technical information
Typesubsea cable
Type of currentHVDC
Total length254 km (158 mi)
Power rating600 MW
AC voltage400 kV (both ends)
DC voltage450 kV

SwePol is a high voltage cable with a cross section of 2,100 square millimetres (3.3 sq in). It runs for 222 kilometres (138 mi) as underground cable from Stärno HVDC Station to the shore of the Baltic Sea. The 239.28 kilometres (148.68 mi) long submarine cable comes ashore in Poland near Ustka at 54°34′25″N 16°46′57″E and runs underground for the remaining 12.55 kilometres (7.80 mi) to Bruskowo Wielkie HVDC Static Inverter Plant.

Unlike other monopolar HVDC schemes, Swepol uses a metallic return consisting of 2 cables with 630 square millimetres (0.98 sq in) sections for the submarine portion of the line, and a single cable with 1,100 square millimetres (1.7 sq in) sections for the land portions.

Both stations use air-core inductance smoothing rectifiers of 225 mH and a weight of 27.5 tonnes, with filters for the 11th, 13th, 24th, and 36th harmonics. Each filter consists of a coil and a capacitor switched in row. The filters for the 11th and 13th harmonics are adjustable. The filters deliver a reactive power of 95 Mvar. Additional 95 Mvar reactive power is delivered by a capacitor bank. Each station's static inverter, which is switched as a 12-pulse thyristor bridge, consists of 792 thyristors arranged in three 16 metres (52 ft) high towers installed in a valve hall.

The SwePol link was inaugurated in 2000 and can transmit up to 600 MW power at a voltage of 450 kV. It was initially owned and maintained by SwePol Link AB, a company jointly owned by the state-owned Swedish power company Svenska Kraftnät (51%), Vattenfall (16%), and Polish transmission system operator PSE-Operator (33%), but the company was liquidated and the cable was acquired by Svenska Kraftnät for the Swedish and PSE-Operator for the Polish part of the cable.

Since coming online, 11 instances of cable damage have occurred: one on the high voltage line and 10 on the return cable. Causes have included ship anchors, fishing nets, fire, and grid power disturbances. On February 14, 2005, the smoothing reactor at the HVDC station at Bruskowo Wielkie was destroyed by fire. Repairs took 20 hours.

Initially SwePol was used to export electricity to Poland only.

From January to October 2020 Poland exported 1,225.9 GWh of electricity and imported 12,573.1 GWh compared to 872.8 GWh and 9,326.7 GWh in the same period 2019. The largest import was from Germany 3,222.2 GWh, Sweden 3,195.9 GWh and the Czech Republic 2,561.5 GW.[2] Poland’s power market will face a supply squeeze from 2025, when a tightening of EU rules on plants’ CO2 emissions will force nearly 5 GW of thermal capacity out of the system, the nation’s TSO has warned.[3]

Annual Reports

In 2016, SwePol had an available technical capacity of 87%. The technical capacity not used was 25%. Totally, 2.8 TWh (52.4% of the technical capacity) was exported from Sweden to Poland and 0.2 TWh (3.3%) of the technical capacity) was imported to Sweden.[4]

In 2017, SwePol had an available technical capacity of 94.2%. The technical capacity not used was 31.9%. Totally, 3.1 TWh (59.4% of the technical capacity) was exported from Sweden to Poland and 0.2 TWh (2.9% of the technical capacity) was imported to Sweden.[5]

In 2018, SwePol had an available technical capacity of 96%. The technical capacity not used was 30%. Totally, 3.1 TWh (59% of the technical capacity) was exported from Sweden to Poland and 0.4 TWh (7% of the technical capacity) was imported to Sweden.[6]

In 2019, SwePol had an available technical capacity of 86%. The technical capacity not used was 24%. Totally, 3.1 TWh (59% of the technical capacity) was exported from Sweden to Poland and 0.2 TWh (4% of the technical capacity) was imported to Sweden. SwePol transmitted 62% of its technical capacity, which is slightly less than in 2018 but still higher than the average utilisation since 2012. The available capacity was lower than normally due to an unplanned maintenance outage and a disturbance outage. The unplanned maintenance outage was caused by an oil leakage and the disturbance outage was caused by a valve cooling system failure lasting 29 days.[7]

Sites

SiteCoordinates
Bruskowo Wielkie Static Inverter Plant54°30′7.6″N 16°53′28.4″E
Stärnö Static Inverter Plant56°09′10.7″N 14°50′29.4″E

Cultural meaning

Swepol Link is also the name of a local soccer team in the town of Bruskowo Wielkie.

See also

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.