Swedish Match

In 1917, Ivar Kreuger founded Svenska Tändsticks Aktiebolaget (STAB) in Jönköping (also known as "City of the matches").[2][4] It was a merger between Aktiebolaget Förenade Tändsticksfabriker and Jönköpings & Vulcans Tändsticksfabriksaktiebolag.[2] A year later, STAB was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.[2][7] By expanding through acquisition of government-created monopolies by lending money to the governments, and through mergers with for instance the British match company Bryant and May in 1927, it became the world's largest match manufacturer.[4][8] In 1930, the company controlled 60 percent of the world's match production and was the sole owner of match companies in 33 countries.[2]

Following the death of Ivar Kreuger in 1932, the ownership structure in STAB changed and a number of factories were liquidated. During 1938, STAB's share of the world's matchmaking fell to 20 percent.[2] When the match market declined sharply in the 1950s, STAB looked for new business ventures and acquired more than 50 companies between 1968 and 1976.[2]

In 1980, Svenska Tändsticks AB changed its name to Swedish Match to create unity throughout the group.[2] In 1988 the company was acquired by Stora AB and was sold two years later to Nederlight.[9][10][11] After another two years, Procordia acquired Swedish Match.[2]

In 1915, the Swedish government founded AB Svenska Tobaksmonopolet and nationalized all Swedish tobacco production plants. The monopoly was introduced in order to give the government funds to finance the country's military defense and a new national pension system.[2]

During the 1960s, the monopoly on production, import and sale of tobacco was abolished in Sweden. Svenska Tobaksmonopolet was converted to a new state-owned company named Svenska Tobaks AB.[2] In 1971, the ownership of the tobacco group was transferred to Statsföretag, the Swedish Sovereign Wealth Fund, which in 1984 was renamed Procordia.[2]

As a result of the monopoly being abolished and in order to broaden the market, the Dutch cigar company Elisabeth Bas/La Paz (EBAS), the American tobacco manufacturer Pinkerton Tobacco Company (maker of Red Man, a chewing tobacco brand introduced in the US in 1904) and the Dutch cigar producer Willem II were acquired between 1968 and 1989.[2][12] In 1989, Procodia was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Volvo acquired part of Procordia in 1990 and became the principal owner together with the Swedish government.[2] To complement the tobacco business, Procordia, in 1992, acquired the match and lighter company Swedish Match from Nederlight.[2]

In 1992, the listed company Procordia acquired the match and lighter business named Swedish Match. The operations of Swedish Match were integrated with Procordia United Brands, one of Procordia's business operations, and was renamed Swedish Match to take advantage of international name recognition. In 1994, Swedish Match functioned as an independent company and was later, in 1996, listed on the OMX Nordic Exchange Stockholm AB and on Nasdaq.[2][13]

In 1999, the company sold its cigarette manufacturing to Austria Tabak but is still active as a distributor of cigarettes on the Swedish market.[2] In the same year, Swedish Match expanded its cooperation with PT. Java Match Factory (Jamafac),[14] the biggest safety matches manufacturer in Indonesia, to a joint venture agreement in order to strengthen its position within lights and matches in Southeast Asia. Jamafac was divested in 2005 and now has a license agreement with Swedish Match to produce matches and distribute Cricket lighters in Indonesia.[15][16][17]

In 2009, Swedish Match entered an agreement with Philip Morris International and formed the joint venture company SMPM International, with equal stakes owned by each of the two partners, for exploring and developing new markets for snus and other smokefree tobacco products outside Scandinavia and the United States. The collaboration placed test markets in Tel Aviv, Israel; St. Petersburg, Russia; Taiwan; and nationwide Canada. The joint venture was, however, dissolved in 2015.[18][19][20][21][22]

In 2010, Swedish Match and Scandinavian Tobacco Group (STG) formed a new company specialized in cigars. Swedish Match brought its entire cigar business (with the exception of U.S. mass market cigars) and pipe tobacco into the new company, while STG transferred all of its tobacco business. The new company took over the name Scandinavian Tobacco Group. Swedish Match became a partner with 49 percent of the company, and the remaining shares were owned by Skandinavisk Holding A/S. In 2016, STG became publicly listed, and Swedish Match sold most of its shares in the company.[2][23][24][25][26][27][28]

In 2017, Swedish Match acquired V2 Tobacco, a producer of chew bags and snus, and in 2018, Oliver Twist, a producer of tobacco bits. Both companies are Danish and now fully owned by Swedish Match. Also in 2018, Swedish Match bought a 95 percent stake in the Swedish company Gotlandssnus, which produces snus.[3][29][30][31][32]

Snus, a tobacco product marketed by Swedish Match

The organizational structure consists of three divisions, along with corporate functions.[3]

The Europe division develops, manufactures, markets and sells snus, nicotine pouches and other smokeless products. The geographic scope is international except North America, with a focus on Europe.[3][33]

The US Division produces chewing tobacco, cigars, moist snuff and nicotine pouches for the American market. It is also responsible for sales and marketing in the United States.[3][33]

The Lights division manufactures and markets matches and lighters, with production in Brazil, the Netherlands, the Philippines, and Sweden. The main markets are Europe, Asia, Brazil and parts of Africa. The division also sells complementary products, mainly in Brazil.[3][33]

The corporate functions provide management, accounting, legal services, stakeholder relations and other common support services. The distribution subsidiary SMD Logistics AB, which is based in Sweden and distributes tobacco products and other fast-moving consumer goods in Sweden and Norway to approximately 10,000 stores, is also managed as a corporate function.[3][33][34]

Swedish Match operates in eleven countries and has production units in seven of those: Brazil, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Sweden and the US. The company has 15 factories, of which nine, in 2019, had ISO 14001 certification.[3][33]

The table below presents an overview of Swedish Match's operations as of 2019:[3]

Production of matches and lighters
The matches produced by Swedish Match are safety matches and are manufactured in Sweden and Brazil.[35] The entity that produces matches in Sweden, Swedish Match Industries AB, is since 2009 certified according to the Forest Stewardship Council chain of custody standard and the standard for controlled wood.[35] The matches are manufactured according to the European match standards EN 1783:1997.[35][36] 40 percent of the production is sold in Europe and 60 percent to Africa, Central America, The Caribbean, Oceania and the Middle East.[37] The Swedish manufacturing facilities are located in Tidaholm and Vetlanda.[35][38][39] In Brazil, 95% of the wood consumption for safety matches and matchboxes is from Swedish Match's own plantations, which are managed according to standards that surpass legal requirements. The match manufacturing facilities in Brazil (Curitiba and Piraí do Sul) are not certified by ISO.[40] Swedish Match produces lighters in the Philippines, the Netherlands and Brazil.[41] The company's main lighter brand, Cricket, is manufactured according to ISO 9994:2006 and EN 13869 (child resistance), which are mandatory in the European Economic Community.[35]

In 2016, Swedish Match employed on average 5,070 people, of whom 38 percent were women.[42] All manufacturing facilities have health and safety committees that provide safety training and wellness programs to employees.[35]

Every year, Aon performs two audits of compliance at Swedish Match's manufacturing facilities. They inspect supplier contracts, human rights, occupational health and safety within the areas of social responsibility, workplace practices, business ethics and environment, and the absence of child labor and forced labor.[35] Swedish Match is a member in the ECLT Foundation (Eliminating Child Labour in Tobacco Growing) and is represented on the Board.[35] The table presents yearly employee related data for Swedish Match between 2011 and 2015:[35][43][44]

Swedish Match states in its annual report that its environmental efforts are focused on energy consumption, electricity, waste, water use in manufacturing, and greenhouse gas emissions. In 2011, the company set environmental targets and performance indicators for 2016 at factory level.[45]

Scandinavia and the US are the primary markets for Swedish Match's tobacco products. The company is market leader in snus in both Sweden and Norway. In 2014, the operating profit for snus and moist snuff increased to 2,207 MSEK (2,195 MSEK in 2013).[41] The market for Scandinavian snus and the US moist snuff/snus is approximately 1.745 billion cans per year (345 million cans in Scandinavia and 1.4 billion cans in the US).[41][46][47] The snus market in the US is about $175 million, and Swedish Match has about 10 percent of the market.[41][47][48]

In 2014, the US cigar market was estimated to more than 5 billion cigars (excluding little cigars) of which Swedish Match produced 1.1 billion sticks of cigars. The cigar market grew 9 percent compared to 2013 in terms of volume.[41][49] Swedish Match's share was even greater in the recent past, as a series of acquisitions between 1999 and 2010 including General Cigar and Scandinavian Tobacco Group (STG) which is the world's largest cigar producer and manufactures more than 50 percent of the world's pipe tobacco. Control of major brands such as Macanudo, Punch, Cohiba, CAO and La Gloria Cubana gave Swedish Match nearly 1/3 of the US premium cigar market in addition to its strong position in machine-made cigars. However, in 2014 Swedish Match, having reorganized its premium-cigar businesses under the STG umbrella, spun off STG as a public company.[50] Swedish Match's cigar business is now limited to machine-made mass-production brands such as White Owl and Garcia y Vega.[51]

Two thirds of the chewing tobacco sold in the US is produced by Swedish Match. Chewing tobacco is a 275 million US dollar market (manufacturers’ sales).[45][49] In 2014, the operating profit for cigars and chewing tobacco increased by 8 percent to 1,109 MSEK (1,029 MSEK in 2013).[41] In addition, Swedish Match holds a 49 percent ownership in Scandinavian Tobacco Group (STG) which is the world's largest cigar producer and manufactures more than 50 percent of the world's pipe tobacco. The company produces 3 billion cigars and 5,000 tons of pipe tobacco per year.[41][49][52]

Swedish Match supplies matches worldwide. The main markets for matches are Scandinavia, the UK, France, Spain, Australia and Brazil. For lighters, the most important markets are Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia, Scandinavia, France and UK.[45] In 2014, 81.5 billion matchsticks were produced and 422.5 million lighters. Sales for matches and lighters was 1,295 MSEK (1,332 MSEK in 2013) and the operating profit declined by 5 percent to 218 MSEK (230 MSEK in 2013).[41][45]

Below are Swedish Match's main brands along with market information as of 2014:[41]

Swedish Match is also active on the Brazilian market with disposable razors, batteries, light bulbs and toothpicks under the Fiat Lux brand.

In 2019, cigarettes made up 88 percent of the global tobacco market by value, smokeless products 2 percent and other products, which includes e-cigarettes, 10 percent. Swedish Match is active in the smokeless products category, with several types of smokeless products, as well as in the other products category, with cigars.[3]

For nicotine pouches in 2019, Swedish Match was number one in the U.S. market, with 84 percent. The main competitors, in descending order, were BAT (Reynolds American) and Altria.[3][33]

For moist snuff in 2019, Swedish Match was number three in the U.S. market, with 8 percent. The main competitors, in descending order, were Altria (USSTC) and BAT (Reynolds American).[3][33]

For chewing tobacco in 2019, Swedish Match was number one in the U.S. market, with 41 percent. The main competitors, in descending order, were National Tobacco, Swisher, and BAT (Reynolds American).[3][33]

For mass market cigars, excluding little cigars, in 2019, Swedish Match was number two in the U.S. market, with 22 percent. The main competitors, in descending order, were Swisher, Altria (Middleton), and Imperial Brands (ITG Brands).[3][33]

For snus in 2019, Swedish Match was number one in both the Swedish and Norwegian markets, with 61 and 55 percent, respectively.[33]

For nicotine pouches in 2019, Swedish Match was number two in the Swedish market and number three in the Norwegian market, with 26 and 15 percent, respectively.[33]

For snus and nicotine pouches combined in 2019, Swedish Match was number one in both the Swedish and Norwegian markets, with 60 and 49 percent, respectively. In Sweden, the main competitors, in descending order, were Imperial Brands, BAT, and Japan Tobacco International. In Norway, the main competitors, in descending order, were Imperial Brands and BAT.[3]

In the US, Swedish Match produces and distributes the Longhorn, Timber Wolf and Red Man brands of moist snuff.[53] The company also expanded into the United States premium cigar business by purchasing General Cigar Company Inc. (producer of non-Cuban versions of Macanudo, Partagas and Punch) from Edgar Cullman and El Credito Cigar Company (producer of La Gloria Cubana and El Rico Habano) from Ernesto Perez-Carrillo. In October 2010, the company transferred its US premium cigar and European cigar businesses, as well as its pipe tobacco and accessories businesses, to a new company named Scandinavian Tobacco Group, while receiving a 49 percent ownership stake in the new company.[54][55]

In an effort to expand its snus business outside of Sweden and Norway, the company has, since 2009, been selling its Scandinavian market leading brand of snus, General, at tobacco retailers in the US.[19] The distribution of General snus has increased over the years, from being sold in approximately 10,000 stores in 2012 to more than 24,000 stores by the end of 2014.[45][49]

For the US, snus is a relatively new category while the main smokeless category is moist snuff. Moist snuff is made using a fermentation process and usually placed under the lower lip, requiring spitting. Snus is made using a steam heat process (much like pasteurisation) and is usually placed under the upper lip,[47] which means that spitting is not necessary.