Sybil Thorndike

Thorndike was born on 24 October 1882 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, the eldest of the four children of Agnes Macdonald, daughter of ship engineer John Bowers, and Reverend Arthur John Webster Thorndike (1853–1917). When she was two years old her father was appointed a minor canon of Rochester Cathedral.[3] She was educated at Rochester Grammar School for Girls, and first trained as a classical pianist, making weekly visits to London for music lessons at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama.[4][5]

Her childhood home in Rochester has been renamed after her.[6] She gave her first public performance as a pianist at the age of 11, but in 1899 was forced to give up playing owing to piano cramp. At the instigation of her brother, the author Russell Thorndike, she then trained as an actress under Elsie Fogerty at the Central School of Speech and Drama, then based at the Royal Albert Hall, London.[7]

At the age of 21 she was offered her first professional contract: a tour of the United States with the actor-manager Ben Greet's company. She made her first stage appearance in Greet's 1904 production of Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor. She went on to tour the U.S. in Shakespearean repertory for four years, playing some 112 roles.[8]

In 1908, she was spotted by the playwright George Bernard Shaw when she understudied the leading role of Candida in a tour directed by Shaw himself. There she also met her future husband, Lewis Casson. They were married in December 1908, and had four children: John (1909–1999), Christopher (1912–1996), Mary (1914–2009), and Ann (1915–1990). She was survived by her four children and a number of grandchildren and great-grandchildren when she died.

She joined Annie Horniman's company in Manchester (1908–1909 and 1911–1913), went to Broadway in 1910, and then joined the Old Vic Company in London (1914–1918), playing leading roles in Shakespeare and in other classic plays. After the First World War, she played Hecuba in Euripides The Trojan Women (1919–1920), then from 1920 to 1922 Thorndike and her husband starred in a British version of France's Grand Guignol directed by Jose Levy.[9] She was a Soroptimist and a Founder Member of SI Greater London Club, which was chartered in 1923.

She returned to the stage in the title role of George Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan in 1924, which had been written with her specifically in mind. The production was a huge success, and was revived repeatedly until her final performance in the role in 1941. In 1927, Thorndike appeared in a short film of the cathedral scene from Saint Joan made in the DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film process. Both Thorndike and Casson were active members of the Labour Party, and held strong left-wing views. Even when the 1926 General Strike stopped the first run of Saint Joan, they both still supported the strikers.[10]

She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1931. As a pacifist, Thorndike was a member of the Peace Pledge Union and gave readings for its benefit. During the Second World War, Thorndike and her husband toured in Shakespearean productions on behalf of the Council For the Encouragement of the Arts, before joining Laurence Olivier and Ralph Richardson in the Old Vic season at the New Theatre in 1944.[11]

At the end of the Second World War, it was discovered that Thorndike was on "The Black Book" or Sonderfahndungsliste G.B. list of Britons who were to be arrested in the event of a Nazi invasion of Britain.[12]

She continued to have success in such plays as N. C. Hunter's Waters of the Moon at the Haymarket in 1951–52. In 1953 she was performing in a new play, A Day by the Sea, when the press revealed that her co-star John Gielgud had been fined for homosexual activity.[13] Thorndike "staunchly championed" Gielgud, as did most theatre audiences: the play was warmly received both in Liverpool and the Haymarket.[14]

She also undertook tours of Australia and South Africa, before playing again with Olivier in Uncle Vanya at Chichester in 1962. She made her farewell appearance with her husband in a London revival of Arsenic and Old Lace at the Vaudeville Theatre in 1966. Her last stage performance was at the Thorndike Theatre in Leatherhead, Surrey, in There Was an Old Woman in 1969, the year Lewis Casson died.[15]

Portrait by Allan Warren, 1973

Her final acting appearance was in a TV drama The Great Inimitable Mr. Dickens, with Anthony Hopkins in 1970. That same year she was made a Companion of Honour. She and her husband (who was knighted in 1945) were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right. She was also awarded an honorary degree from the University of Manchester in 1922 and an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from the University of Oxford in 1966.

She died at her flat in London on 9 June 1976.[3] Her ashes are buried in Westminster Abbey.

In 1908, Thorndike married Lewis Casson, to whom she remained married until his death in 1969. The couple had four children, John (born 1909), Christopher (born 1912), Mary (born 1914), and Ann (born 1915).

She made her film debut in Moth and Rust (1921), and appeared in many silent films the next year, including versions of Bleak House, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice and The Scarlet Letter.

She also appeared in a 1927 short film, made in the DeForest Phonofilm process, of her performing as Saint Joan in an excerpt of the play by George Bernard Shaw. Among her notable film roles were as Nurse Edith Cavell in Dawn (1928), General Baines in Major Barbara (1941), Mrs Squeers in Nicholas Nickleby (1948), Queen Victoria in Melba (1952) and as the Queen Dowager in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), for which she was awarded the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress. She made her last film appearance, in a version of Uncle Vanya, in 1963.

Appearances included:

• 1960 — Sybil Thorndike appeared as the guest in This is Your Life
• 1965 — A Passage to India as Mrs. Moore
• 1969 — Join Jim Dale

She appears in Tony Harrison's play Fram, played in the premiere by Sian Thomas. Here she is resurrected from the dead to play herself in one of Gilbert Murray's plays.

Her name is also used in Muriel Spark's novel The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, citing her as "a woman of noble mien."

In the film My Week with Marilyn, she is played by Judi Dench.

She is one of the principal characters in Nicholas de Jongh's play Plague Over England, about John Gielgud's arrest for homosexual acts in 1953. She was played in the premiere by Nichola McAuliffe. In the London production she was played by Celia Imrie.

When asked if she ever considered leaving her husband, she answered: "Divorce, never! Murder, often!"

When it opened in March 1974, the re-routed A631 dual-carriageway southern relief road constructed by Lindsey County Council in her birthplace of Gainsborough was named Thorndike Way.

In Rochester, the Dame Sybil Thorndike Health Centre occupies part of the former site of the Rochester Grammar School for Girls which she attended.[16]

• Sybil Thorndike: A Life in the Theatre by Sheridan Morley (1977)
• Sybil Thorndike: A Star of Life by Jonathan Croall (2008)

• List of peace activists

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sybil Thorndike.

• The Sybil Thorndike Scrapbook
• Performances listed at the University of Bristol Theatre Collection archive
• Sybil Thorndike at the Internet Broadway Database
• Sybil Thorndike at IMDb
• Works by Sybil Thorndike at Open Library
• Sybil Thorndike's appearance on This Is Your Life
• The life's work of Sybil Thorndike @ Ward's Book of Days
• Sybil Thorndike: A Star of Life, by Jonathan Croall, pub. 1 October 2008
• A report of biographer Jonathan Croall's lecture to the Society for Theatre Research (Oct 2008)
• Patron of The Young Theatre 1970–1976
• The Sybil Thorndike and Lewis Casson Archive is held by the Victoria and Albert Museum Theatre and Performance Department.