Symphony No. 39 (Haydn)

Symphony No. 39 ("Tempesta di mare") is a symphony in G minor (Hoboken 1/39) by Franz Joseph Haydn in 1765, at the age of 33 under the beneficence of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. It is the earliest of Haydn's minor key symphonies associated with his Sturm und Drang period works (such as the Symphony No. 45). The work was influential and inspired later G minor symphonies by Johann Christian Bach (Op. 6, No. 6) and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (No. 25).[1]

This article is about the symphony by Joseph Haydn. For the symphony by Michael Haydn, see Symphony No. 39 (Michael Haydn).

Movements

It is written for an orchestra consisting of two oboes, four horns (two in B♭ alto and two in G), and strings (violins divided into two, violas, cellos and double basses).[1] There are four movements:

  1. Allegro assai, 4
    4
  2. Andante, 3
    8     in E♭ major
  3. Menuet & Trio, 3
    4
  4. Finale: Allegro di molto, 4
    4

The opening movement features a nervously exciting main theme interrupted by frequent pauses. Felix Diergarten has specifically analysed the pauses in the first movement in the symphony, with respect to symphonic form of the time.[2] Both the first and second theme groups begin with the same two bars of melodic material.[3]

In contrast to the Sturm und Drang of the opening movement, A. P. Brown describes the Andante as "one of Haydn's most galant slow movements, with its small meter signature, sixteenth tripets, slides, weak resolutions, echoes, and generally thin texture".[3]

The minor mode returns for the Menuet which is contrasted by a bright major-mode Trio which features high notes for the first horn.[3]

The frenetic Sturm und Drang finale brings the symphony to an energetic conclusion.

References
  1. HC Robbins Landon, Haydn: Chronicle and Works, 5 vols, (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1976– ) v. 2, Haydn at Eszterhaza, 1766–1790
  2. Diergarten, Felix (March 2010). "Time Out of Joint — Time Set Right: Principles of Form in Haydn's Symphony No. 39". Studia Musicologica. 51 (1/2): 109–126. JSTOR 25746243.
  3. Brown, A. Peter, The Symphonic Repertoire (Volume 2). Indiana University Press (ISBN 025333487X), pp. 104–108 (2002).

References
  • Robbins Landon, H. C. (1963) Joseph Haydn: Critical Edition of the Complete Symphonies, Universal Edition, Vienna


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