The Rise of Catherine the Great

The Rise of Catherine the Great (also titled Catherine the Great) is a 1934 British historical film based on the play The Czarina by Lajos Bíró and Melchior Lengyel, about the rise to power of Catherine the Great. It was directed by Paul Czinner, and stars Elisabeth Bergner as Catherine, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., as Grand Duke Peter, Dorothy Hale as Countess Olga, and Flora Robson as Empress Elizabeth.

Not to be confused with Ekaterina: The Rise of Catherine the Great.
The Rise of Catherine the Great
Directed byPaul Czinner
Produced byAlexander Korda
Ludovico Toeplitz (uncredited)
Written byMarjorie Deans
Arthur Wimperis
StarringElisabeth Bergner
Douglas Fairbanks Jr.
Flora Robson
Narrated byAlexander Kerensky
Music byErnst Toch (uncredited)
Irving Berlin
CinematographyGeorges Périnal
Edited byStephen Harrison
Harold Young
Production
company
Distributed byUnited Artists
Release date
  • 9 February 1934 (1934-02-09)
Running time
94 minutes
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish

The movie was banned in Germany. On 14 March 1934 this matter invoked a question in the British Parliament (House of Commons): "Is it to be understood that no British film in which there is a Jewish actor or actress will be permitted to be shown in Germany in future?".[1]

Plot

This historical drama recounts the events that led to the accession of Catherine the Great, Empress of all the Russias. The film opens with the arrival in 1744 of Princess Sophie Auguste Frederika – whose name would be changed to ‘Catherine’ – from her father's court of Anhalt-Zerbst (in modern Germany) to the court of the Empress Elizabeth. "Little Catherine" is to marry the Grand Duke Peter, nephew and heir presumptive of the unmarried and childless Empress Elizabeth.

Peter already displays signs of mental instability and a sharply misogynist streak. He rejects Catherine on their wedding night, reacting to something innocently said by his French valet, claiming that she used feminine tricks to win him over. In time, though, Peter accepts her and they have a happy marriage for a while. Meanwhile, Catherine gains important experience of government from working as principal aide to the empress.

The empress dies and Peter becomes tsar, but his mental illness is starting to get the better of him, along with sheer boredom in the job. Catherine still loves him despite beginning a very public love affair with one of her best friends – until one night when Peter goes one step too far in publicly humiliating his wife. She ceases to love him, which enables her to be clear-headed in supporting a planned coup d'état. The following morning, he is arrested and Catherine is made Empress of All the Russias.

The elevation is marred by Peter's murder that very morning, contrary to Catherine's command. Grigory Orlov explains that everything has a price, and the crown has the highest price of all. The film ends, with Catherine in tears on her throne, while the cheers of the crowds are heard outside.

Reception

Critical review and popularity

Variety, in its original 1933 review, summed up the film as having numerous sequences with outstanding "direction, portrayal and dialog," particularly crediting performances by Fairbanks (whose performance they described as one of the best of his career) and Robson, while noting that Bergner was "altogether believable" as the young Catherine.[2]

IMDB.com reports an average viewer rating (by 522 reviewers) of 6.4 points out of 10 possible.[3] New York Times reviewer Dave Kehr described the film as "a handsome but conventional melodrama," but inferior to the contemporaneous rival Catherine biopic The Scarlet Empress (1934) by Josef von Sternberg.[4]

Historical accuracy

The Guardian's historical films reviewer Alex von Tunzelmann credits the film with both entertainment value (grade: B-) and substantial historical depth and accuracy (grade: B-).[5]

Cast

References
  1. retrieved April 26, 2020
  2. "The Rise of Catherine the Great", December 31, 1933, Variety retrieved February 20, 2020
  3. "The Rise of Catherine the Great: User Ratings," Internet Movie Data Base (IMDB.com), retrieved February 20, 2020
  4. Dave Kehr, "Alexander Korda’s Historical Films Hold a Fun House Mirror Up to the Present," May 6, 2009, New York Times, retrieved February 20, 2020
  5. von Tunzelmann, Alex "The Rise of Catherine the Great: not too much horseplay; Flora Robson and Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. help make this broadly accurate biopic of the Russian empress wickedly enjoyable," July 24, 2014, The Guardian, retrieved February 20, 2020
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