The Travels of Lao Can

The first 13 chapters were serialized in the bi-weekly Xiuxiang Xiaoshuo (simplified Chinese: 绣像小说; traditional Chinese: 繡像小說; Illustrated Fiction) from March 1903 to January 1904, in issues 9 through 18. It was published in the Tianjin Riri Xinwen Bao (simplified Chinese: 天津日日新闻报; traditional Chinese: 天津日日新聞報; lit. 'Tientsin Daily News'[4]) in a 20 chapter version with a prologue.[5]

In the prologue Lao Can (T: 老殘, S: 老残; literally, "Old Decrepit"), a traveling medical practitioner, dreams of China being a sinking ship. After the dream ends, Lao Can goes on a journey to fix the problems experienced by China. In the story Lao Can attempts to correct injustices, change attitudes towards women, and engage in philosophical discussions about China's future.[5] Lao Can also acts as a detective in several small crime-related plots.[6]

The scholar Milena Doleželová-Velingerová writes that the integration of the detective subplots, "entirely dissimilar to its lyrical components," "makes the novel so innovative."[7] She remarks on the use of poetry and symbolism that "What sets this novel apart from the others is just this nonaction discourse, including the famous poetic descriptions of Chinese landscape, which are, however, meant to be understood not merely as images of natural beauty but as metaphorical statements about the condition of society."[7]

Donald Holoch argues that the entire book and not merely the prologue should be viewed as an allegory, and that if any other approach had been used, the novel would lack unity.[8] In particular he believes that the novel's characters and events illustrate a "complex conservatism" that concludes that technology instead of social change is the answer to the problems experienced by China. Cordell D. K. Yee's review of The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century, however, argues that "it is doubtful that all episodes conform" to the allegory concept.[9] Robert E. Hegel, in a review argues that Holoch's interpretation is persuasive and "makes a substantial contribution to the studies of the novel".[8]

• Liu T'ieh-yün (1952). The Travels of Lao Ts'an. Translated by Harold Shadick. Cornell University Press. This extensively annotated translation was finished in 1939, published by Cornell University Press in 1952, and issued in paperback in 1990 with a new Introduction. Timothy Wong finds that "more than anyone, Shaddick succeeds in capturing in English Liu E's riveting descriptions, which critics from Hu Shih and C.T. Hsia have seen as the greatest merit of his fiction." [10]
• Liu E (1983). The Travels of Lao Can. Translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang. Chinese Literature Press. ISBN 9780835110754. First published in Nanjing in 1947, then, titled Mr. Derelict (London: Allen & Unwin, 1948). [10]

• Doleželová-Velingerová, Milena. "Chapter 38: Fiction from the End of the Empire to the Beginning of the Republic (1897-1916)" in: Mair, Victor H. (editor). The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. Columbia University Press, August 13, 2013. p. 697-731. ISBN 0231528515, 9780231528511.
• Donald Holoch, "The Travels of Laocan: Allegorical Narrative" in Milena Doleželová-Velingerová, ed. The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980),

• Hegel, Robert E. "The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century" (book review). Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR), ISSN 0161-9705, 07/1983, Volume 5, Issue 1/2, pp. 188 – 191
• Lin, Shuen-fu (2001). "The Last Classic Chinese Novel: Vision and Design in the Travels of Laocan". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 121 (4): 549–564. doi:10.2307/606498.
• Wong, Timothy C. (1991). "(Review)". Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR). 13: 161–163. doi:10.2307/495068. JSTOR publication date: Dec., 1991 Full publication date: Dec., 1991 Check |jstor= value (help).

• Yee, Cordell D. K. "The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century" (book review). Journal of Asian Studies, ISSN 0021-9118, 05/1982, Volume 41, Issue 3, p. 574

• Holoch, Donald. "The Travels of Laocan: Allegorical Narrative" in: Doleželová-Velingerová, Milena (editor). The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century (Toronto: University of Toronto Press; January 1, 1980), ISBN 0802054730, 9780802054739.