1907 in literature

• January 3 – The National Theatre opens in Sofia, Bulgaria.
• January 26 – Many of the audience boo the opening performance of J. M. Synge's The Playboy of the Western World at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin. Disturbances continue for a week.[1]
• February 4 – The poet W. B. Yeats, at a public debate at the Abbey Theatre, denies trying to suppress audience distaste during a performance of The Playboy of the Western World.
• February 22 – Leonid Andreyev's symbolist drama The Life of Man («Жизнь человека», Zhizn cheloveka) is premièred at the Komissarzhevskaya Theatre in Saint Petersburg, directed by Vsevolod Meyerkhold. On December 12 it is performed for the first time at the Moscow Art Theatre, directed by Konstantin Stanislavski and Leopold Sulerzhitsky.[2]
• March – The Diamond Sūtra, a woodblock printed Buddhist scripture dated AD 868, is discovered by Aurel Stein at the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang in China. It is said to be "the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book".[3]
• March – April
  • As an aftermath of the Romanian peasants' revolt comes a government clampdown on the radical authors Constantin Banu and Nicolae Iorga, whose homes are raided by police.[4] N. D. Cocea is prosecuted for sedition[5] and Barbu Lăzăreanu expelled from the country.[6] From Berlin, Ion Luca Caragiale watches the events with a "hopelessness stifled by disgust", as reported by his son Luca. His exposé demanding social justice in the Romanian Kingdom is translated into German by Mite Kremnitz and carried by Die Zeit of Vienna.[7] The "pillars of fire" witnessed by Banu inspire him to name his 1911 magazine Flacăra – "Flame".[8]
  • Virginia Woolf and others of the Stephen family move within London's Bloomsbury to 29 Fitzroy Square, a former home of George Bernard Shaw.
• April 17 – August Strindberg's A Dream Play (Ett drömspel, 1901) receives its first performance, at the Swedish Theatre (Stockholm), with his ex-wife Harriet Bosse in the leading rôle.
• April 23 – Jack and Charmian London sail out of San Francisco Bay to begin the voyage described in The Cruise of the Snark (1911).
• May to September – Kenneth Grahame writes letters to his son that become the basis for The Wind in the Willows (1908).
• May – The British publishers Thomas Nelson and William Collins, Sons (as "Books for the million") launch cheap hardback in-copyright imprints.
• May 15 – American humorist Gelett Burgess coins the term "blurb" for promotional text on a book jacket.[9][10]
• June 26 – Mark Twain receives an honorary doctorate of laws from the University of Oxford, England.
• September 7 – Gaston Leroux's pioneering locked room mystery, The Mystery of the Yellow Room (Le Mystère de la chambre jaune), begins to be serialized in L'Illustration, Paris.
• November – While tutoring a Trieste businessman in English, James Joyce reveals that he is a writer, and his pupil, known to Joyce as Ettore Schmitz, proves to be the published novelist Italo Svevo. A literary friendship ensues.[11]
• Uncertain dates
  • A deluxe edition of Margarete Böhme's Tagebuch einer Verlorenen published in Berlin marks 100,000 copies in print.
  • Éditions Grasset is established in Paris.
  • Thomas Mofolo's Moeti oa bochabela (much later translated into English as "The Traveler of the East") becomes the first work of literature to be published in the Sotho language.[12]
  • Hélène van Zuylen leaves her partner Renée Vivien for another woman. Vivien's volume of love poetry Flambeaux éteints (Doused Torches) is published this year.[13]

• February 1 – Günter Eich, German lyricist (died 1972)
• February 3 (probable date) – James A. Michener, American novelist (died 1997)
• February 18 – Traian Herseni, Romanian social scientist and journalist (died 1980)
• February 21 – W. H. Auden, English poet (died 1973)
• March 9 (February 24 O.S.) – Mircea Eliade, Romanian historian, philosopher and novelist (died 1986)
• April 30 – Jacob Hiegentlich, gay Dutch Jewish writer (suicide 1940)
• May 12 – Leslie Charteris, Singapore-born Chinese-British genre novelist (died 1993)
• May 13 – Daphne du Maurier, English writer (died 1989)
• May 27 – Rachel Carson, American environmentalist and author (died 1964)
• June 14 – René Char, French poet (died 1988)
• July 7 – Robert A. Heinlein, American author (died 1988)
• July 29 – Aileen Fox (née Henderson), English archaeologist (died 2005)
• August 12 – Miguel Torga, Portuguese author (died 1995)
• August 17 – Roger Peyrefitte, French author (died 2000)
• August 28 – Rupert Hart-Davis, English editor and publisher (died 1999)
• September 23 – Pauline Réage, French erotic novelist (died 1998)
• October 15 – Varian Fry, American journalist (died 1967)
• October 18 – Mihail Sebastian, Romanian Jewish playwright, essayist and novelist (died 1945)
• November 14 – Astrid Lindgren, Swedish author of children's books (died 2002)
• November 27 – L. Sprague de Camp, American science fiction and fantasy author (died 2000)
• November 28 – Alberto Moravia, Italian novelist (died 1990)
• November 30 – Jacques Barzun, French-born American historian (died 2012)
• December 10 – Rumer Godden, English novelist (died 1998)
• December 18 – Christopher Fry, English dramatist (died 2005)
• December 19 – William Glynne-Jones, Welsh novelist and children's writer (died 1977)

Uncertain date

• Abdullah al-Qasemi, Arab writer (died 1996)
• E. J. Scovell, English poet (died 1999)

• January 20 – Agnes Mary Clerke, English author on astronomy (born 1842)
• March 9 – Frederic George Stephens, English critic and member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (born 1828)
• March 19 – Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and novelist (born 1836)
• April 23 – André Theuriet, French poet and novelist (born 1833)
• May 12 – Joris-Karl Huysmans, French author (born 1848)
• May 18 – Mary de Morgan, English children's writer and suffragist (born 1850)[14]
• July 17 – Hector Malot, French author (born 1830)
• July 19 – William Gunion Rutherford, Scottish classicist (born 1853)
• August 10 – Marko Vovchok, Ukrainian novelist and short story writer (born 1833)[15]
• August 25 – Mary Elizabeth Coleridge, English novelist and poet (appendicitis complications, born 1861)
• September 6 – Sully Prudhomme, French poet and essayist; 1st Nobel Prize winner (born 1839)
• September 7 – Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, Romanian philologist and polygraph (born 1836)
• September 8 – Iosif Vulcan, Romanian poet, playwright and novelist (born 1841)
• October 6 – David Masson, Scottish critic and biographer (born 1822)
• October 29 – Mkrtich Khrimian, Armenian Catholicos, essayist and poet (died 1820)
• November 1 – Alfred Jarry, French dramatist (tuberculosis, born 1873)
• November 28 – Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet and painter (born 1869)
• December 28 – Louise Granberg, Swedish playwright (born 1812)[16]

• Chancellor's Gold Medal: Donald Welldon Corrie[17]
• Newdigate Prize: Robert Cruttwell, Camoens[18]
• Nobel Prize for Literature: Rudyard Kipling